影响约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的因素

采用自由梁振动法,研究阻尼层厚度、约束层材料及环境温度等三个变量,对约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的影响。结果表明：阻尼层厚度在1 mm～4 mm范围内,约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能随阻尼层厚度的增加而降低; 约束层材料分别为钢板、大理石板、砂浆板时,约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能不同;低温、高温环境均使约束阻尼结构阻尼值变小; 常温环境下,约束阻尼结构的阻尼值较大,复合损耗因子超过了0.154。     

玻璃钢约束阻尼复合结构的阻尼特性

以玻璃纤维增强树脂作为约束层主要材料、丁腈橡胶为阻尼层、钢板为基板制备约束阻尼复合结构, 运用动态黏弹谱仪和悬臂梁共振法, 研究温度、约束层刚度和阻尼层结构对约束阻尼复合结构减振效果的影响。结果表明:自由阻尼复合板的最大阻尼范围落在阻尼层的玻璃化转变区;玻璃钢约束层能将复合结构的阻尼拓展至阻尼层的高弹态区域, 增加阻尼层厚度可以提高约束复合板的阻尼性能;提高孔隙率同样有利于约束复合板阻尼性能提升;铝板约束层提升作用尤为显著, 然而在海洋环境、干湿交替等强腐蚀场合中, 铝板极易腐蚀而丧失约束功能, 因此在这类特殊场合下耐腐蚀的玻璃钢具有优势。      

约束阻尼层在输电塔风振控制中的应用

约束阻尼层是机械及航空工程中常用的阻尼减振方法之一。讨论了在1 000 kV特高压输电线路典型钢管塔应用约束阻尼层的风振控制问题。首先给出了粘弹性阻尼材料的基本力学特性和约束阻尼层的两种有限元建模方法。通过ANSYS对一简单约束阻尼层结构采用两种不同有限元模型进行数值仿真分析比较,给出了在ANSYS中准确模拟这类结构的途径。应用这一建模方法对钢管塔主材安装约束阻尼层后的减振效果进行了数值仿真。结果表明,在主材设置约束阻尼层后杆塔一阶纵向和一阶横向弯曲模态阻尼比均有较大提高,但扭转模态的模态阻尼比提高很少。时域风振分析表明,设置约束阻尼层后塔顶的顺风向加速度响应显著降低。最后从结构及阻尼层的模态应变能角度建议了阻尼材料及约束阻尼层设置部位的选取原则。     

考虑参数随机性的约束阻尼结构振动特性分析

根据模态应变能理论建立约束阻尼结构有限元模型,基于粘弹性层的厚度和部分材料参数随机性分析,对约束阻尼结构的振动特性进行研究,分析粘弹性层的厚度和部分材料参数的随机性对约束阻尼结构模固有频率和模态损耗因子的影响。研究结果证明粘弹性结构参数随机性分析的必要性,分析方法和得出的相关结论对工程实践有一定参考。     

扩变约束阻尼复合结构设计与试验研究

在典型的约束阻尼结构中引入大厚度高剪切模量扩变层可提高减振效果,且一定范围内扩变层厚度越大,结构中的阻尼层振动过程中的剪切变形越大,减振效果越好。但厚度超过一定限度后,大厚度高剪切模量扩变层的引入又会影响约束阻尼结构整体弯曲变形,从而对减振产生不利影响。在本研究中,采用一种高剪切模量的硬质材料作为约束阻尼结构的扩变层,通过对扩变层开槽(镂空设计),可在较大厚度、较大剪切模量的设计下保证整体结构的弯曲变形,实现了较好的减振性能设计。设计了6种不同约束阻尼复合结构,以10 mm厚钢板为减振对象,采用模态应变能仿真计算法对敷设6种不同约束阻尼复合结构构件分别进行了模态和振动频响特性分析,并制备了相应的300 mm×300 mm规格小样,完成了减振试验验证。     

卫星飞轮安装支架的粘弹性阻尼减振设计

应用粘弹性约束阻尼减振技术对某卫星飞轮组件安装支架结构进行振动抑制处理。约束阻尼技术能在不对结构作大的修改的前提下,提高结构的阻尼能力。首先建立原型支架结构的有限元模型,计算了其动态特性。分析了支架结构关键模态的应变能分布规律,确定出约束阻尼处理的铺敷位置。采用参数优化方法,比较了不同约束层厚度、不同阻尼层厚度设计情况下的结构阻尼性能,在满足附加重量和工艺限制要求的前提下,确定出阻尼减振设计方案。最后,将阻尼前后支架结构的加速度频率响应结果进行了对比,验证了在飞轮安装支架上应用粘弹性阻尼减振的合理性和有效性。     

约束阻尼结构阻尼效果的有限元预测方法研究

阻尼材料作为减振降噪方法在工程中应用很多,约束阻尼结构铺设阻尼材料后总阻尼因子的计算是一个很重要的问题,经典的含约束阻尼双层梁结构和三层梁结构的阻尼解析计算方法对复杂结构不适用,目前急需可靠实用的工程计算和设计方法。本文基于模态应变能给出了复杂结构的阻尼有限元计算方法,同时基于统计能量分析原理提出一种宽带激励下总阻尼效果的评价公式,以及基于该评价公式的有限元优化设计方法。通过对双层阻尼梁结构和含约束面板的三层阻尼梁结构的阻尼解析计算和有限元计算法预报对比,验证了有限元计算方法的正确性。依据阻尼效果评价公式对某约束阻尼平板的阻尼层和约束面板厚度进行了优化设计,并通过谐波响应分析验证了优化方法的正确性。本文基于ANSYS软件的分析方法可供工程中复杂结构阻尼设计参考。     

附加约束阻尼层的复合材料梁单元建模分析

复合材料空心圆截面梁是桁架和刚架结构中大量采用的常用构件，而实践证明约束阻尼层能有效改善复合材料空心圆截面梁的动力学特性，但传统的约束阻尼层结构有限元计算方法需要大量的单元，这给大型复杂结构的计算带来了巨大的困难。本文采用Timoshenko梁假定。建立了一类附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁弯曲的数学模型。应用Hamilton原理。采用三节点高次梁单元对构件进行离散化。建立了附加约束阻尼层复合材料空心圆截面梁的梁单元。同传统的锥壳单元相比，该方法极大地减少了计算时间。用实验验证了本文计算结果的正确性。同时也分析了约束层厚度对损耗因子的影响。     

聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能的研究（Ⅱ）

在前文利用动态粘弹仪讨论聚醚氨酯结构与阻尼性能关系的基础上，进一步探讨了由聚醚氨酯作为阻尼层，高模量环氧复合材料作为约束层构成的约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能。结果表明，聚醚氨酯结构对约束阻尼结构的阻尼性能影响很大；其模量也影响材料与金属复合后的阻尼性能，而且复合后的损耗因子峰值温度（Ｔａ）往往较聚醚氨酯的玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）高２０℃左右；适当的软硬段配比可获得在－２０℃～＋６０℃宽温域内性能优良的阻尼材料     

约束阻尼板结构模态实验及阻尼特性研究

约束阻尼结构可在较宽的频带范围内抑制结构的振动,已在机械和交通等领域广泛应用。本文采用多输入多输出（MIMO）的锤击法,对一种约束阻尼板进行模态实验,参数识别得到其固有频率、振型及模态阻尼。通过模态实验和有限元结果的相互对比,验证了模态测试结果的可靠性。在此基础上,对敷设粘弹性阻尼的悬臂板结构进行了阻尼特性的研究,讨论了材料参数和结构参数对模态阻尼的影响,为结构的减振降噪及优化设计提供依据。     

Intensity of Local Effects at the Core Junctions in Sandwich Panels

Local effects that occur in the vicinity of junctions between different cores in sandwich panels subjected to the in-plane axial force and bending moment are considered. These local effects manifest themselves in a rise of locally induced bending normal stresses in the sandwich faces and shear and normal stresses in the cores in the near vicinity of the core junctions. Intensity of the local effects is measured experimentally for a representative sandwich beam subjected to both types of loadings. The numerical simulations are performed using Finite Element Analysis, and they reveal significant rates of stress concentrations in the faces and cores adjacent to the core junctions. The intensity of the local effects is dependable on the geometry and elastic properties of the sandwich faces and a degree of dissimilarity of elastic properties of the adjoined cores.     

基于剪切耗能假设的黏弹性夹芯梁的振动和阻尼特性

基于一阶剪切变形理论和哈密顿原理建立了三层粘弹性夹芯梁结构的有限元模型并对其振动和阻尼特性进行了研究。建模时认为粘弹材料层不可压缩,振动能量是依靠粘弹性层的剪切变形来耗散的。为验证本模型的正确性,将其与解析解作了对比。同时,为了证明本方法的优越性,将其与常用的“实特征模态”、“近似复特征模态”、“钻石法”和“近似法”四种数值方法做了比较。结果表明本方法的精度在这几种数值方法中是最好的。最后,讨论了粘弹性夹芯梁结构参数变化对系统固有频率和损耗因子的影响,得到了一些有工程实际意义的结论。     

A layerwise finite element formulation for vibration and damping analysis of sandwich plate with moderately thick viscoelastic core

Abstract

Most previous studies of viscoelastic sandwich plates were based on the assumption that damping was only resulting from shear deformation in the viscoelastic core. However, extensive and compressive deformations in the viscoelastic core should also be considered especially for sandwich plates with moderately thick viscoelastic core. This paper presents a finite element formulation for vibration and damping analysis of sandwich plates with moderately thick viscoelastic core based on a mixed layerwise theory. The face layers satisfy the Kirchhoff theory while the viscoelastic core meets a general high-order deformation theory. The viscoelastic core is modeled as a quasi-three-dimensional solid where other types of deformation such as longitudinal extension and transverse compression are also considered. To better describe the distribution of the displacement fields, auxiliary points located across the depth of the sandwich plate are introduced. And based on the auxiliary points, the longitudinal and transverse displacements of the viscoelastic core are interpolated independently by Lagrange interpolation functions. Quadrilateral finite elements are developed and dynamic equations are derived by Hamilton’s principle in the variation form. Allowing for the frequency-dependent characteristics of the viscoelastic material, an iterative procedure is introduced to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue problem. The comparison with results in the open literature validates the remarkable accuracy of the present model for sandwich plates with moderately thick viscoelastic core, and demonstrates the importance of the higher-order variation of the transverse displacement along the thickness of the viscoelastic core for the improvement of the analysis accuracy. Moreover, the influence of the thickness and stiffness ratios of the viscoelastic core to the face layers on the damping characteristics of the viscoelastic sandwich plate is discussed.     

Quasi-isotropic bending responses of metallic sandwich plates with bi-directionally corrugated cores

In order to reduce anisotropic behaviors of sandwich plates with open channel cores under the bending load, bi-directionally corrugated cores were introduced. Bi-directionally corrugated core has two additional design parameters related with a corrugation pass than uni-directionally corrugated core, so that its properties with respect to core orientations can be controlled. Sandwich plate with bi-directionally corrugated core is designed optimally so that beam buckling of face sheets is reduced drastically and anisotropic buckling behavior in the face sheets is minimized. The cores fabricated by a sectional forming process were bonded with face sheets by adhesive bonding. Three-point bending experiments were carried out with respect to core orientations. It has been shown from the experiments that sandwich plates with bi-directionally corrugated cores exhibit quasi-isotopic bending behaviors and structural performances in sandwich plates.     

Finite element modelling of hybrid active–passive vibration damping of multilayer piezoelectric sandwich beams—part II: System analysis

An electromechanically coupled finite element model has been presented in Part 1 of this paper in order to handle active–passive damped multilayer sandwich beams, consisting of a viscoelastic core sandwiched between layered piezoelectric faces. Its validation is achieved, in the present part, through modal analysis comparisons with numerical and experimental results found in the literature. After its validation, the new finite element is applied to the constrained optimal control of a sandwich cantilever beam with viscoelastic core through a pair of attached piezoelectric actuators. The hybrid damping performance of this five‐layer configuration is studied under viscoelastic layer thickness and actuator length variations. It is shown that hybrid active–passive damping allows to increase damping of some selected modes while preventing instability of uncontrolled ones and that modal damping distribution can be optimized by proper choice of the viscoelastic material thickness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A study on material damping of 0° laminated composite sandwich cantilever beams with a viscoelastic layer

The damping behavior of a 0° laminated sandwich composite beam inserted with a viscoelastic layer is investigated. A quantitative analysis of damping in the sandwich laminated composite beam has been conducted through the theoretical method. Results showed that the viscoelastic core thickness in the sandwich beam and the length of the beam have a great effect on the damping loss factor. They also demonstrate the great capability of laminated sandwich composites with embedded viscoelastic layer to considerably enhance structural damping. It is shown that the extended Ni–Adams’ theory can be efficiently used to identify the damping characteristics of the laminated sandwich composite beam.     

Localized Effects across Core Junctions in Sandwich Beams Subjected to In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loading

The paper concerns local effects that occur across junctions between different cores in sandwich beams subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loads. These local effects display themselves by a significant rise of the bending normal stresses in the faces of the sandwich near the core junctions. At the same time, an elevation of the transverse normal and shear stresses in the adjacent core parts is observed. The nature and intensity of the local effects is studied for sandwich beams loaded statically by axial (in-plane) and transverse (out-of-plane) forces. Two types of core junctions, namely a conventional butt junction and a reinforced butt junction, are investigated experimentally. The experimental data coincides perfectly with the numerical simulations performed using Finite Element Analysis.     

Optimal design and parameter estimation of frequency dependent viscoelastic laminated sandwich composite plates

Recent developments in optimization and parameter estimation of frequency dependent passive damping of sandwich structures with viscoelastic core are presented in this paper. A finite element model for anisotropic laminated plate structures with viscoelastic frequency dependent core and laminated anisotropic face layers has been formulated, using a mixed layerwise approach, by considering a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the viscoelastic core, and a first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the displacement fields of adjacent laminated face layers. The complex modulus approach is used for the viscoelastic material behaviour, and the dynamic problem is solved in the frequency domain, using viscoelastic material data for the core, assuming fractional derivative constitutive models. Constrained optimization of passive damping is conducted for the maximisation of modal loss factors, using the Feasible Arc Interior Point Algorithm (FAIPA). Identification of the frequency dependent material properties of the sandwich core is conducted by estimating the parameters that define the fractional derivative constitutive model. Optimal design and parameter estimation applications in sandwich structures are presented and discussed.     

Local effects across core junctions in sandwich panels

Sandwich beams and panels with symmetric faces and cores of varying stiffness are investigated. The paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the local effects that occur in the vicinity of intersections between cores of different stiffness in such sandwich panels. These local effects manifest themselves by a significant rise of the bending stresses in the faces in the vicinity of the core junctions. Closed-form estimates of the stress/strain fields induced by local effects are presented for sandwich beams and panels loaded in cylindrical bending. The accuracy of the derived closed-form estimates is verified experimentally for the case of a sandwich beam in three-point bending.     

Multiscale design of a rectangular sandwich plate with viscoelastic core and supported at extents by viscoelastic materials

This work presents a multiscale model of viscoelastic constrained layer damping treatments for vibrating plates/beams. The approach integrates a finite element (FE) model of macroscale vibrations and a micromechanical model to include effects of microscale structure and properties. The FE model captures the shear deformation of the viscoelastic core, rotary inertial effects of all layers, and viscoelastic boundaries of the plate. Comparison with analytical and FE results validates the proposed FE model. A self-consistent (SC) model makes the micro to macro scale transition to approximate the effective behavior a heterogeneous core. Modal damping resulting from the presence of voids and negative stiffness regions in the core material is modeled. Results show that negative stiffness regions in the viscoelastic core material, even at low volume fractions, yield superior macroscopic damping behavior. The coupled SC and FE models provide a powerful multiscale predictive design tool for sandwich beams and plates.