Comparison of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal between anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic and anoxic/aerobic fixed biofilm reactor using SAC (Synthetic Activated Ceramic) media

In order to remove nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously and to develop a compact process for retrofitting a conventional activated sludge system, a new fixed-biofilm reactor was designed and tested employing an operation strategy with three and two reaction phases : anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (Run-1) and anoxic/aerobic (Run-2). Four kinds of HRT (4, 6, 8 and 10 h) were varied to investigate the effect of nitrification and denitrification in each reactor. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows. All removal rates of COD, T-N and T-P in the water treated in Run-1 were higher than those of Run-2. The average values of COD, T-N and T-P in the treated water were reduced to 5.0 mg/L, 5.6 mg/L and 3.1 mg/L in case of Run-1. The COD and T-N removal efficiencies of Run-1 were higher than that of Run-2, but the difference between Run 1 and Run 2 was almost negligible. More than 60 % T-P removal efficiency could be achieved when the HRT was above 8 hour, but the efficiency was sharply decreased to 36% as the HRT was decreased to 4 hour in case of Run-1. Although the removal efficiency of T-P in Run-2 decreased by 56 % compared with that of Run-1, the fixed biofilm reactor using SAC media reduced the volume of reactor, and high-level COD and T-N removal from domestic wastewater was performed ; stable effluent quality was thereby achieved. The performance of Run 2 with no anaerobic reactor was mostly similar to that of Run 1 with an anaerobic reactor, except for T-P removal. Hence, according to these results, anoxic and aerobic processes using SAC media could be possible for removing organics and nutrients from municipal wastewater, in case phosphorus removal is not considered for municipal wastewater with low concentration of phosphorus.     

Simultaneous organic and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by BSACNR process

Biological nutrient removal was investigated under a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process. Tests were made to establish whether organic compounds and nutrients (N, P) from municipal wastewater were eliminated effectively in a lab-scale BSACNR process by increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 4 hr to 10 hr. In the system, synthetic activated ceramic (SAC) media were packed in each reactor for attached growth of both nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the sludge of the clarifier was returned to the anaerobic reactor to release phosphate. In this configuration, nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal could be performed at their respective conditions. The influent was synthetic wastewater, and the mean concentration of COD, NH⁺ ₄ -N and T-P in the influent was about 200 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. At a total HRT of the system of 4-10 hr, the system worked successfully obtaining the removal of COD, NH⁺ ₄-N, T-N and T-P: 90.5-97.5%, 72.9-94.4%, 56.5-73.7% and 36.0-61.1%, respectively. The results of this research show that a biological synthetic activated ceramic nutrient removal (BSACNR) process packed with SAC media could be applicable for treatment of organic and nutrient from municipal wastewater.     

An application of membrane bio-reactor process for the wastewater treatment of Qingdao International Airport

A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process was used as a backbone treatment component at the Qingdao International Airport Wastewater Treatment Station (WWTS) Qingdao, China, to biologically remove COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. This paper describes the design of the MBR as well as the operating results of the station. The design of the MBR emphasized efficiency, simplicity, reliability, low construction and O&M costs, and low land requirement. The WWTS was commissioned and formally put into operation in 2002. The two years influent BOD₅, COD, SS, T-N and T-P averaged at 102, 208, 160, 36.2 and 1.7 mg/L respectively. The final treated effluent BOD₅, COD, SS, T-N and T-P for the same period averaged 5.2, 17.3, 4 , 11.6 and 0.4 mg/L respectively. In comparison with the national effluent standard requirements for BOD₅, SS, T-N and T-P of less than 0.8, 6, 3.4 and 0.12 mg/L respectively, the two years operating results of the WWTS demonstrate that the MBR process is both effective and efficient in meeting the water discharge and reuse quality requirements at the airport.     

Biological Nutrient Removal in a Full Scale Anoxic/Anaerobic/Aerobic/ Pre-anoxic-MBR Plant for Low C/N Ratio Municipal Wastewater Treatment

A novel full scale modified A2O （anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic/pre-anoxic）-membrane bioreactor （MBR） plant combined with the step feed strategy was operated to improve the biological nutrient removal （BNR） from low C/N ratio municipal wastewater in Southern China. Transformation of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and membrane fouling were investigated. Experimental results for over four months demonstrated good efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand （COD） and NH4^＋-N removal, with average values higher than 84.5%and 98.1%, re-spectively. A relatively higher total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency （52.1%） was also obtained at low C/N ratio of 3.82, contributed by the configuration modification （anoxic zone before anaerobic zone） and the step feed with a distribution ratio of 1：1. Addition of sodium acetate into the anoxic zone as the external carbon source, with a theoretical amount of 31.3 mg COD per liter in influent, enhanced denitrification and the TN removal efficiency in-creased to 74.9%. Moreover, the total phosphate （TP） removal efficiency increased by 18.0%. It is suggested that the external carbon source is needed to improve the BNR performance in treating low C/N ratio municipal waste-water in the modified A^2O-MBR process.     

外加碳源对AOA-SBR工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧模式运行的SBR工艺处理模拟城市污水,考察外加碳源乙酸钠和污泥水解酸化上清液对其脱氮除磷效果的影响。模拟城市污水,进水水质COD为400 mg/L、氨氮为60 mg/L、磷酸盐为7 mg/L。结果表明:不投加碳源时,系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为90%、91%、82%;乙酸钠投加量为60 mg/L的条件下,外加乙酸钠系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为93%、100%、100%,磷的去除主要是通过好氧聚磷作用;上清液投加量折合进水COD为30 mg/L时,外加污泥水解酸化上清液系统对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的去除率分别为97%、99%、95%,系统中出现明显的反硝化除磷现象,反硝化除磷占24%。     

Nutrient removal performance of an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic process as a function of influent C/P ratio

The laboratory scale anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (A²O) process fed with synthetic brewage wastewater was designed to investigate the effects of changing feed C/P ratio on the performance of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. In the experiment, the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was kept at approximately 300 mg L^?1 while the total phosphorus concentration was varied to obtain the desired C/P ratio. Results showed that when the C/P ratio was lower than 32, phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/P ratio increased linearly, while when the C/P ratio was higher than 32, the P removal efficiency was maintained at 90–98%, and effluent P concentration was lower than 0.5 mg L^?1. However, regardless of the C/P ratio, excellent COD removal (90% or higher) and good total nitrogen removal (75–84%) were maintained throughout the experiments. It was also found that very good linear correlation was obtained between COD uptake per unit P released in the anaerobic zone and C/P ratio. In addition, the P content in the wasted activated sludge increased with the decrease in the C/P ratio. Based on the results, it was recommended that the wastewater C/P ratio and its effects be incorporated into BNR design and operational procedures, appropriate C/P ratios were used to achieve the effluent treatment goals. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

连续流状态下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮除磷性能研究

在上流式污泥床好氧颗粒污泥反应器中,以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种泥．采用人工配制的模拟废水为进水的条件下,成功培养出具有同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥粒径在0．5~2mm,颗粒污泥沉淀速度在29～58m／h。MLSS为3077---4103mg／L。当COD的进水容积负荷为4．8kg／（m3·d）时,去除率高达96％以上。氨氮进水在160mg／L时,去除率达97％以上,出水氨氮在5mg／L以下。对总磷的去除率在22％-37％。主要是因为亚硝态氮浓度、COD／TN比和TN／TP比等对聚磷菌除磷有影响。     

碳磷比对新型后置缺氧工艺脱氮除磷的影响探究

以人工合成废水为对象,探究了进水C/P对新型后置缺氧工艺脱氮除磷效率的影响,结果表明,当COD/ρ(SOP)由35/1降低至15/1时,COD去除影响不明显,但TN及SOP的去除率均呈现下降趋势。C/P下降促进污泥体系中EPS的产生。C/P降低抑制了NH₄⁺-N好氧硝化与缺氧反硝化。COD/ρ(SOP)由35/1下降至15/1,厌氧释磷量和厌氧释磷速率分别由(37.3±0.5)mg/L和(8.5±0.4)mg/(g·h)下降至(28.1±1.8)mg/L和(5.1±0.8)mg/(g·h)。C/P下降降低了厌氧期PHA的合成,从而导致后续氧化分解产能不足。COD/ρ(SOP)为35/1时,30℃为新型后置缺氧工艺营养盐去除的适宜温度。     

生物膜法A^2/O^2工艺处理焦化废水的实验研究

实验采用A2/O2生物膜法的工艺流程,对太原市某焦化厂的焦化废水进行处理。首先废水经过厌氧柱,经过厌氧水解酸化的预处理后,依次进入缺氧池、好氧池、沉淀池、好氧池、沉淀池,最终出水。实验表明,进水CODCr为1 200～2 200 mg/L,NH3-N为200～1 000 mg/L,系统对其的去除率比较稳定,能使出水的CODCr和NH3-N平均浓度达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的二级级标准和一级标准。     

Advanced treatment of textile dyeing wastewater through the combination of moving bed biofilm reactors and ozonation

A four-stage lab-scale treatment system [anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)-aerobic MBBR-ozonation-aerobic MBBR in series] was investigated to treat textile dyeing wastewater. The MBBRs were operated in a continuous horizontal flow mode. To determine the optimum operating conditions, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and ozonation time on pollutant removal were analysed by continuous and batch experiments. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 14 h HRT for both anaerobic and no. 1 aerobic MBBRs, 14 min ozonation time and 10 h HRT for no. 2 aerobic MBBR. The average influent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammonia and colour were 824 mg/L, 691 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 165°, respectively. Under these conditions, the average effluent concentrations of COD, SS, ammonia and colour were 47 mg/L, 15.2 mg/L, 5.9 mg/L and 6.1°, respectively, corresponding to total removal efficiencies of 94.3%, 97.8%, 85.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The final effluent could meet the reuse requirements of textile industry. The anaerobic MBBR process improved the biodegradability of the raw wastewater, while the two aerobic MBBRs played an important role in removing COD and ammonia. The ozonation process enhanced the biodegradability of no. 1 aerobic MBBR effluent, and finally, deep treatment was completed in no. 2 aerobic MBBR. The combined process showed a promising potential for treatment of high-strength dyeing wastewater.     

生物膜法A~2/O~2焦化废水处理系统缺氧反应器工艺特性

以焦化厂废水处理系统气浮设备出水为试验废水水源,在中试规模上研究了生物膜法A2/O2(厌氧/缺氧/好氧/好氧)系统中缺氧反应器的工艺特性和效果。缺氧反应器为以陶粒作填料的上流式滤池。研究结果表明,缺氧反硝化对去除焦化废水中COD有重要作用。反硝化菌可利用一些好氧微生物和厌氧微生物都难以降解的焦化废水中的有机物作碳源,反硝化反应器可去除进水中40%的COD。缺氧反硝化反应器进水碳氮质量比在5以上就可基本满足焦化废水反硝化对碳源的需求。稳定运行状况下的NO3--N容积负荷不大于0.24 kg/(m3.d)。缺氧反应器的水力停留时间不小于24 h。系统进水COD、NH3-N的质量浓度分别在1 000～2 200、200～400 mg/L范围内,对系统进水不进行稀释的条件下,水解酸化反应器HRT为20 h,缺氧反应器HRT为24 h,一级好氧反应器和二级好氧反应器HRT均为48 h,二级好氧反应器硝化液回流比为3时,生物膜法A2/O2系统处理出水的COD和NH3-N可以同时达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。     

流量分配比对改良A/O分段进水脱氮除磷特性的影响

采用改良A/O分段进水工艺处理我国南方低浓度、低碳氮比城市生活污水。在进水COD/TN为5.16,HRT为8.7 h,SRT为15 d,MLSS为5.66 g·L^-1,污泥回流比为75%,厌氧/缺氧/好氧体积比为4∶8∶10条件下,通过设置6种不同进水流量分配比,控制各好氧段DO为1～1.5 mg·L^-1,经过150 d的连续运行,得到系统最佳流量分配比为20%∶35%∶35%∶10%;在此工况下COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷出水水质分别为33.05 mg·L-1、0.58 mg·L^-1、9.26 mg·L^-1、0.46 mg·L^-1,出水优于国家GB 18918-2002一级A排放标准。原水COD绝大部分作为厌氧释磷和反硝化脱氮所需碳源,系统对碳源有效利用率达74%;DO和ORP 的协同控制可以作为系统厌氧放磷段的控制参数;同时亦可作为缺氧段反硝化完成和好氧段硝化完成的指示性参数。     

A novel approach to an advanced tertiary wastewater treatment: Combination of a membrane bioreactor and an oyster-zeolite column

A combination of a microfiltration-membrane bioreactor (MBR) and oyster-zeolite (OZ) packed-bed adsorption column was studied for the first time to evaluate the advanced tertiary treatment of nitrogen and phosphorous. The membrane module was submerged in the bioreactor and aeration was operated intermittently for an optimal wastewater treatment performance. Artificial wastewater with COD_cr of 220 mg/L, total nitrogen (T-N) of 45 mg/L, and total phosphorous (T-P) of 6 mg/L was used in submerged MBR with MLSS of 4,000–5,000 mg/L. The experiments were performed during a 100-day period with periodic membrane washing. The results showed that COD_cr could be effectively removed in the MBR alone with over 96% removal efficiency. However, T-N and T-P removal efficiency was slightly lower than expected with only the MBR. The permeate from MBR was then passed through the OZ column for tertiary nutrient removal. The final effluent analysis confirmed that nutrients can be additionally removed resulting in over 90% and 53% removal efficiencies for T-N and T-P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the waste oyster shell can be effectively reclaimed as an adsorbent in advanced tertiary wastewater treatment processes in combination with a MBR.     

组合工艺处理难降解焦化废水试验研究

采用A^2／O-臭氧氧化．活性炭过滤的组合工艺对焦化废水进行处理,以解决其达标排放。进水COD1267mg／L,NH3-N113mg／L,SS150mg/L左右时．工艺对COD、氨氮、SS的去除率分剐达到93％、95％、95％,出水满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准。试验结果零明该工艺对焦化摩水...     

生物膜法A^2／O^2焦化废水处理系统缺氧反应器工艺特性

以焦化厂废水处理系统气浮设备出水为试验废水水源,在中试规模上研究了生物膜法A^2／O^2（厌氧／缺氧／好氧／好氧）系统中缺氧反应器的工艺特性和效果。缺氧反应器为以陶粒作填料的上流式滤池。,研究结果表明,缺氧反硝化对去除焦化废水中COD有重要作用,．反硝化菌可利用一些好氧微生物和厌氧微生物都难以降解的焦化废水中的有机物作碳源,反硝化反应器可去除进水中40％的COD。缺氧反硝化反应器进水碳氮质量比在5以上就可基本满足焦化废水反硝化对碳源的需求．．稳定运行状况下的NO3^- -N客积负荷不大于0．24kg／（m^3·d）．缺氧反应器的水力停留时间不小于24h。系统进水COD、NH3-N的质量浓度分别在1000～2200、200～400mg／L范围内,对系统进水不进行稀释的条件下．水解酸化反应器HRT为20h．缺氧反应器HRT为24h．一级好氧反应器和二级好氧反应器HRT均为48h．二级好氧反应器硝化液回流比为3时．生物膜法A^2／O^2系统处理出水的COD和NH3-N可以同时达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）中的一级排放标准。     

MUCT工艺不同硝化液内循环比的PHA和磷代谢

以低C/N比污水为处理对象、基于物料平衡分析,研究了在MUCT工艺中硝化液内循环比与COD降解转化、PHA的代谢、磷的转移以及氮的转化等4个过程的关系。进水COD浓度恒定为(290±10)mg/L,TN浓度恒定为(55±0.5)mg/L,TP浓度恒定为(7.0±0.5)mg/L,改变硝化液内循环比,测定各反应段及出水COD、TN、TP浓度以及污泥中的PHA含量。试验结果表明:厌氧段去除的COD的63%~67%左右转化为PHA,在第二缺氧段和好氧段,PHA被消耗用于吸收污水中的磷,硝化液内循环比对第二缺氧段的消耗量有较明显的影响;硝化液内循环比对磷的释放过程影响较小,是第二缺氧段的吸磷过程的主要影响因素。     

改进AB工艺对城市污水的处理

针对传统AB工艺在生物脱氮除磷方面的碳源相对不足问题，本试验采用改进AB工艺处理城市污水，以强化传统AB工艺的生物脱氮除磷功能。平行对比试验结果表明：改进AB工艺可以显著提高传统AB工艺的生物脱氮除磷功能，在进水COD浓度250～620mg／L，NH3-N45～70mg／L，TN60～90mg／L，TP7～12mg／L的条件下，改进AB工艺对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除效率分别达到82．1％、90．3％、79．8％、90．61％，出水COD、NH3-N和TP等各项污染指标均能实现达标排放。     

低溶解氧对改良A／A／O工艺脱氮除磷的影晌

以采用厌氧／缺氧／好氧（A／A／O）工艺的城镇污水处理厂为研究对象,利用改良A／A／O中试装置开展处理实际污水的研究,通过与实际工艺的运行效果对比,系统探讨了低溶解氧（DO）浓度以及好氧池末端非曝气区的设置对脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明当好氧区的DO平均浓度从2．2mg／L逐渐降至1．0mg／L时,系统COD的去除效率与硝化效果未受到影响,但除磷效果明显下降;随着DO平均浓度的降低以及非曝气区对DO的缓冲,保证了缺氧区的缺氧环境,同时有效降低了内回流液中DO浓度的携带对碳源的消耗,提高了反硝化效率,使得系统对TN的去除率逐渐升高。就总体运行情况来看,A／A／O工艺中好氧区DO的平均浓度可以在1．0—2．0mg／L之间运行,同时在好氧区末端设置非曝气区,可以有效地缓冲内回流液中DO浓度对反硝化的影响,提高脱氮效率。     

SBR法处理吗啉废水的工艺研究

文章研究了吗啉废水的SBR生化处理工艺。通过调整进水COD、TN浓度及运行周期长度、好氧段、缺氧段时间等因素,研究上述因素对序批式活性污泥法（SBR）处理吗啉废水的效果的影响。实验结果表明,进水COD为2 466 mg/L、TN=435 mg/L,运行周期为84 h,其中缺氧段为48 h,好氧段34 h,静置2 h时COD和TN的去除率分别可以达到90%和75%,系统运行稳定,SBR工艺可行。     

Advanced Sewage Treatment with Ozone Under Excess Sludge Reduction,Disinfection and Removal of EDCs

A new advanced treatment system, which consists of biological nutrient removal process combined with reduction of excess sludge by ozonation and phosphorus recovery by crystallization and polishing-up ozonation process, was developed based on the fundamental studies and demonstrated by the demonstration plant set in AICHI EXPO 2005. Reduction of withdrawn excess sludge by 90% and phosphorus recovery by 70% were accomplished without any adverse effects on biological nutrient removal. The concentrations of SS, BOD, T-P and T-N in the effluent were less than 1.0, 3.0, 0.5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. EDCs were reduced to almost undetectable level and 2-log disinfection of Bacillus subtilis was established. The energy amount required for the operation was saved by 40% when compared with a conventional system to get the same level of water quality.