国内鱼胶原蛋白制品的市场研究

将市场上的鱼胶原蛋白产品品牌、包装、成分、消费群体等做了调查、分析.研究表明,国内鱼胶原蛋白制品市场初现,胶原蛋白作为一种新兴的保健食品正崭露头角.     

铬革制明胶的探讨

铬鞣革废料含有丰富的胶原蛋白,但由于铬鞣革中的鞣质和胶原蛋白结合后,化学性质十分稳定;很难将胶原蛋白制取成明胶。近年来,由于明胶原料日趋紧张,国内有些制胶厂已尝试用铬革下脚料制取明胶。我厂通过多次实验,已研制成铬革明胶,并已投入生产。现对铬革制胶工艺作详细阐述和探讨,供读者参考。     

崭露头角的鱼胶原蛋白

1鱼胶原蛋白产业 胶原蛋白是哺乳动物体内含量最多的蛋白质,约占人体内蛋白质总量的25％～30％．相当于体重的6％。胶原蛋白几乎存在于体内所有器官和组织。人在25岁以后合成胶原蛋白的能力逐渐下降,每年以1％～3％的速度流失。随着老年化社会的到来,皮肤皱纹、骨质疏松和关节疼痛日益呈现,补充胶原蛋白成为必然的社会需求。     

鱼明胶的功能特性与应用

明胶是一种由传统哺乳类动物产品,肉类加工副产品制得的部分水解蛋白。由于其独特的功能性质和合理的价格而在食品和医疗行业中广泛应用。因为安全、经济、宗教和其他原因,来源于鱼类加工下脚料的鱼明胶成为新的明胶替代材料。文章就鱼明胶的制备方法、风味和冻力、黏度、乳化性、起泡性、成膜性等功能性质进行介绍。另外,对其在食品、医药和其他行业的应用进行总结,目的是为进一步开发利用鱼明胶提供一定的理论依据。     

鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取方法研究

鱼鳞中主要含有蛋白质和钙盐,其中蛋白质约占20%到40%,主要是以胶原蛋白为主。采用酸酶复合提取方法,对鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取条件进行优化及其性质的研究,结果表明:酸浓度9%,酶浓度2%,提取温度为25~30℃,固液比1∶25,得红杉鱼和龙利鱼羟脯氨酸收率分别为9.82%和6.96%。     

水产胶原蛋白及其生物活性肽的研究和应用

介绍了胶原蛋白的基本理化特性、制备方法和利用途径,阐述了水产胶原蛋白和陆生哺乳动物胶原蛋白的区别,列举了水产胶原蛋白、胶原蛋白肽制备的基本方法和其生物活性,指出水产胶原蛋白和胶原蛋白肽有着广阔的利用前景。     

胶原蛋白流延薄膜的研制

采用流延成型法将胶原蛋白水溶液进行流延、凝固、后处理、干燥等工序制备出了胶原蛋白薄膜;测试了胶原蛋白薄膜的红外光谱和拉伸强度、断裂强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能;讨论了后处理液质量浓度、后处理时间对胶原蛋白薄膜力学性能的影响.结果表明:胶原蛋白分子间发生了交联反应;随着后处理时间延长和后处理液质量浓度增大,胶原蛋白薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂强度和断裂伸长率等力学性能得到改善和提高;对经过后处理的胶原蛋白薄膜进行浸水后,其耐水性有明显提高.红外光谱说明胶原蛋白分子间发生了交联.     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维酸性染料染色研究

将胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行共混纺丝,获得了胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维;研究了胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维中胶原蛋白含量和染色工艺对复合纤维酸性染料上染的影响;借助紫外可见分光光度计、扫描电镜、纤维电子强力仪等对复合纤维的上染率、截面形貌、力学性能、热水收缩性能等进行了表征.结果表明:胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维中胶原蛋白...     

胶原蛋白粘胶长丝的研制试验

介绍了胶原蛋白的主要性质、胶原蛋白粘胶长丝纺制条件,对胶原蛋白粘胶长丝的纺丝成形、纤维截面形态及力学性能进行了分析。研制试验表明,胶原蛋白与纤维素粘胶溶液共混纺丝,工艺技术可行,所纺胶原蛋白粘胶长丝物理机械性能良好。     

活性胶原蛋白提取与表征方法研究进展

胶原蛋白由于其丰富性和可用性已成为最具前途的绿色可再生功能材料,从动物组织中提取具有完整螺旋结构和生物活性的胶原蛋白是制备胶原蛋白功能材料的首要任务。介绍了提取活性胶原蛋白的来源和提取方法,分析了酸提法和酶提法的研究现状;指出了两种提取方法的提取原理和提取特点;总结了分析表征胶原蛋白分子量、氨基酸序列、结构、物理性能、自组装性能的最新方法;指出了活性胶原蛋白提取表征今后的研究方向。结果表明活性胶原蛋白作为清洁化可再生材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

Fabrication of Arothron stellatus skin collagen film incorporated with Coccinia grandis as a durable wound construct

The wound dressing material has been fabricated with the novel Arothron stellatus fish skin collagen scaffold loaded with a bioactive extract obtained from Coccinia grandis (CPE) and drug Ciprofloxacin (D). The collagen scaffold was fabricated from the nonedible solid waste of marine origin (a cheaper source of raw material). The in vitro fluorescence staining of cells and in vivo evaluation of the fabricated scaffold exhibited enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation and indicated a more efficient wound healing paradigm than that of the control and other treated groups, respectively. The increased collagen synthesis and re-epithelialization of wound are proved to be potential wound constructs.     

A Study of Process Optimization of Extraction of Oil from Fish Waste for Use as A Low-Grade Fuel

Waste oils are potentially advantageous over petroleum and virgin vegetable oil based fuels due to waste utilization, and an overall lowering of gases and most other emissions over the life cycle of fuel production, use, and disposal. Waste generated from fish processing plants varies from 10–50 wt% of landed fish depending on the type of fish, product and processing techniques. A portion of this waste contains fish oil and varies significantly depending on the species. The oil recovery process must maximize extraction of oil and at the same time be able to integrate into the existing infrastructure at fish plants. In this study, we have optimized the recovery process developed in our lab (based on a fishmeal processing) and tested with the waste of a variety of fish species. The oil had low impurities (<0.5 wt% moisture) and degradation products, and physical properties suitable for substitution of No. 6 fuel oils and marine distillate/residual fuels. Based on this, pilot scale experiments were performed to determine scale-up challenges and design specifications for eventual costs analysis (e.g. size, residence time, etc.), energy required and waste emissions.     

Preparation of Si3N4 ceramic foams by simultaneously using egg white protein and fish collagen

Fish collagen, a kind of fibrous protein, and egg white protein were selected as foaming agent to prepare ceramic foams by protein foaming method. Ceramic foams with open porosity of 84.8–86.9%, average pore size of 216–266 μm and compressive strength of 8.7–13.7 MPa were fabricated. Studies of fish collagen addition on the influence of open porosity, pore size distribution and mechanical property of ceramic foams were investigated. In comparison with single addition of 8 wt% egg white protein, the combinational addition of 2 wt% fish collagen and 6 wt% egg white protein results in 23% increase in average pore size. In addition, the introduction of fish collagen decreases the count of small pores. Moreover, with the introduction of fish collagen, pores become regular in shape.     

Is there value in chemical modification of fish scale surfaces?

Fish scales are an abundant biowaste apparently unused, except for isolating major components as feedstocks, sacrificing the useful properties inherent to scales. We modified scale surfaces using hydrophilic and hydrophobic (meth)acrylates and tetraethylorthosilicate with in situ polymerization, and partial degradation of the biomineral or collagen layer. Chemical changes were assessed qualitatively by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and quantitatively by nanomechanical analysis. No modification was selective but they were “preferential”. Hydrophobic modifications were inefficient and reduced scale modulus. Inorganic and hydrophilic modifications were efficient and increased modulus. On adding sodium‐citrate‐modified scales to a weak alginate hydrogel, rheology showed an order of magnitude increase in storage modulus compared to alginate with no or unmodified scale reinforcement. Fish scales can be a useful new reinforcement. This work highlights simple pathways to manipulate surface composition and modulus of waste fish scale to enhance composite properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42868.     

Comparison of the effects of collagen and modified collagen fillers on the properties of XNBR rubber

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 to 30 parts by weight of unmodified and modified collagen on the properties of XNBR rubber vulcanized with a cross‐linking system. This study is a part of experimental series concerning polymeric materials that are biodegradable due to their filling with a waste protein such as collagen. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Construction of waste-collagen modified superfine fiber substrates based on “click” chemistry: Moisture absorption and permeability

Superfine fiber synthetic leather is a high-grade artificial leather product with numerous characteristics and advantages. However, compared with natural leather, it shows poor moisture absorption and moisture permeability, and it gives people a hot and tacky feeling; thus, the improvement of these properties has become a popular topic in the industry. In this paper, the “click” chemistry method was employed to modify the nylon fiber of the superfine fiber synthetic leather base with waste collagen to improve the moisture absorption and permeability of the superfine fiber synthetic leather base, thus enhancing the hygienic performance and wearing comfort of the end products, realizing waste recycling. This study obtained the optimal reaction conditions for the “click” modification of unfigured sea-island superfine fiber synthetic leather base with collagen methacrylamide. The characterizations by static contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that collagen was successfully grafted onto the surface of the nylon fiber. Compared with the original base, the moisture absorption, and permeability of the base were improved by 602.4% and 43%, respectively. This study shows the theoretical research significance and excellent practical value for the resource utilization of skin collagen waste.     

Analysis of chemicals from earthworms and fish that elicit prey attack by ingestively naive garter snakes (Thamnophis)

Materials previously shown to elicit increased tongue-flicking and prey attack in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) were isolated from both earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and fish (Pimephales promelas). Both high- and low-molecular-weight components from earthworms and fish stimulated attacks and increased tongue-flicking in previously unfed neonate garter snakes relative to distilled water controls. Earthworm collagen was also effective, but even concentrated fractions were less effective than raw extract. Conflicting reports on the effectiveness of collagen suggest that the salient chemical(s) is a smaller molecule tightly bound to collagen and resisting standard purification methods.     

Production of PUFA Concentrates from Poultry and Fish Processing Waste

In fish and poultry processing, viscera are generally considered as a waste product and often discarded. Chicken and hilsa fish (Hilsa ilisa) viscera were used for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic (18:2n-6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Free fatty acids (FFA) were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis of chicken and fish viscera; yields were 5.2 and 5.9% (w/w) respectively. PUFA concentrates were obtained by a two step process—deduction of saturated fatty acids (FA) by low temperature crystallization in acetone followed by urea inclusion compound-based fractionation. Acetone treatment removed 90 and 96% of saturated FA in chicken and fish viscera respectively with FA to acetone ratio of 1:12 (w/v). Using an urea to FA ratio (w/w) of 4.0, chicken viscera produced a maximum of 84.1% of PUFA concentrates containing 82.1% of linoleic acid with a yield of 10% where as in the case of fish viscera the maximum PUFA concentrates were 91.3% containing 78.2% of EPA-DHA with the yield of 11%. Thus, the utilization of poultry and fish processing waste into the production of PUFA concentrates has been shown.     

超(亚)临界水氧化法在固体废物资源化中的应用

介绍了超 (亚 )临界水氧化的特性 ,综述了国内外超 (亚 )临界水氧化法在废高分子材料、化学反应残渣、污泥等固体废物资源化、能源化中的应用。探讨了该法在降解人工合成有机高分子废物得到燃料或化工原料 ,水解纤维素、甲壳素、水产和食品加工下脚料等天然高分子得到葡萄糖、葡糖胺、氨基酸等有机物单体 ,气化有机固体废物制造氢能源 ,分解化学反应残渣回收中间原料 ,催化降解活性污泥回收石油化工产品 ,以及处理有毒有害废物等方面的应用前景和发展趋势。     

鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽螯合铜工艺条件探究

以鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽作为原料,合成了鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽螯合铜,运用正交实验优选鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽螯合铜最佳实验条件.实验结果表明,鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽螯合铜最佳的实验条件是：铜盐与肽摩尔比为2∶1、反应时间为115 min、pH为6.5以及反应温度为65℃.采用水相合成法制备鳕鱼皮胶原蛋白肽螯合铜,以紫外分光光谱、红外分光光谱以及TG热稳定性分析对产物进行表征.