微织构刀具超声铣削航空铝合金的研究

目的 为了提高7075航空铝合金的使用性能,将微织构刀具和纵扭复合超声铣削复合,形成一种微织构刀具超声复合铣削工艺.方法 通过微织构刀具铣削和微织构纵扭复合超声铣削两种加工方法,对7075-T6航空铝合金进行切削试验,分析主轴转速、每齿进给量以及铣削深度对工件表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度和表面织构形貌的影响.结果 在切削参数相同的情况下,微织构纵扭复合超声铣削工艺所获工件表面粗糙度数值相较于微织构刀具铣削工艺加工工件降低了4.7％～13.2％,显微硬度增加了1.13％～2.35％,工件表面残余应力变为压应力,最大数值稳定在–10.84 MPa,加工工件表面形成了较为统一、规整的"鱼鳞网纹"织构形貌.其中,加工工件表面粗糙度数值与主轴转速成负相关关系,而与铣削深度、每齿进给量成正相关.加工工件表面显微硬度和残余应力则是随着主轴转速和每齿进给量的增大而增大,而铣削深度对加工工件的显微硬度和残余应力的影响不显著.结论 相比微织构刀具铣削,微织构纵扭复合超声铣削能有效地改善加工工件表面的完整性.     

奥氏体不锈钢车削时刀具磨损对切削因素和表面质量的影响研究

研究了奥氏体不锈钢车削加工过程中刀具后刀面磨损对切削力、切削温度、粗糙度及残余应力影响规律。试验结果表明:当刀具后刀面磨损在一定范围内,F_x与F_z随磨损量的增加而显著增大,而F_y基本保持不变;温度随刀具后刀面磨损量增加而显著增大;工件的表面粗糙度随刀具后刀面磨损量增大而增大;当车刀后刀面磨损为0.167 mm时,工件加工表面的残余应力最大。     

刃口钝化对PCD刀具铣削钛合金表面粗糙度与刀具寿命的影响

本文通过4种钝化值PCD刀具在不同切削参数下铣削钛合金试验,研究了刃口钝化对工件表面粗糙度与刀具寿命的影响。试验中使用触针式表面粗糙度仪检测工件表面粗糙度值,利用超景深显微镜观察刀具刃口磨损状况,并以刀具后刀面磨损量大于0.2 mm或刃口崩缺时的切削距离表示刀具寿命。结果表明:钝化PCD刀具铣削钛合金表面粗糙度大于未钝化PCD刀具,表面粗糙度随钝化值增大而增大;钝化PCD刀具铣削钛合金刀具寿命高于未钝化PCD刀具,刀具寿命随钝化值增大呈先提高后降低的趋势,当钝化值为15μm时,刀具寿命最高。     

钛合金铣削刀具的磨损对工件表面沿主轴方向粗糙度的影响

采用硬质合金立铣刀对Ti6Al4V进行高速铣削正交试验,将新刀具所加工的工件表面粗糙度和后刀面磨损至0.05 mm左右时的刀具所加工出来的工件表面粗糙度值进行对比分析,研究磨损后的刀具对工件表面粗糙度的影响。利用粗糙度仪对工件表面粗糙度进行测量,使用超景深显微镜对加工后的工件表面形貌以及刀具磨损情况进行观察,并利用测力仪测量铣削加工过程中刀具产生的铣削力。结果表明:当刀具后刀面磨损至0.05 mm时,其切削参数对工件表面的粗糙度影响大小与刀具崭新时的不一样,这是由于刀具的磨损导致在加工时刀具发生了振颤,从而影响到了工件沿机床主轴方向的粗糙度使其粗糙度增大。     

微米、纳米及微/纳米复合金刚石涂层的切削性能研究

利用化学气相沉积(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)法在硬质合金上制备纳米、微米以及微/纳米复合金刚石涂层,并进行了切削对比试验。通过测试已加工材料的表面粗糙度和金刚石涂层刀具前、后刀面磨损,对比分析了不同金刚石涂层的切削性能,同时总结了CVD金刚石涂层刀具的失效形式及机理。结果表明:纳米金刚石涂层刀具切削加工后的表面粗糙度值最小,Ra=0.942μm;微米金刚石涂层刀具切削加工表面粗糙度值最大,Ra=1.631μm;纳米涂层刀具的后刀面磨损最大,约为微米涂层的2倍,复合涂层的5倍;微/纳米复合金刚石涂层刀具膜/基结合力高,前、后刀面的金刚石涂层没有出现脱落,且刀具的磨损量较少;金刚石涂层刀具的主要失效形式是涂层的过早脱落,其失效主要是由金刚石涂层的残余应力大、涂层化学纯度低、内部产生微裂纹多,以及切削时表面粗糙度高、切削力大和刀具积屑瘤普遍等原因引起的。     

超声振动铣削碳纤维复合材料刀具磨损研究

介绍了采用超声振动铣削和普通铣削对硬质合金铣刀铣削碳纤维复合材料进行试验研究。试验结果表明,在两种加工方式下,刀具的磨损形式主要是后刀面磨损,前刀面磨损和刀刃的破损,其中后刀面的磨粒磨损最严重,前刀面的粘着磨损较弱,当进给量加大或者是主轴转速过高时,很容易发生崩刃。超声振动条件下,刀具的后刀面磨损和前刀面磨损均较弱,且呈现一定的规律性。刀具的耐用度高,相对于普通切削更适合于复合材料的加工。     

切削参数对P20模具钢的表面粗糙度影响

该研究利用TiN、TiAlN、TiN/Al2 O3/TiCN等三种刀具对P20预硬型模具钢进行铣削实验,探讨不同刀具在各种铣削工艺参数时以及刀具磨损对工件表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：用涂层刀具高速切削P20模具钢,工件表面粗糙度随着切削速度的增加而显著下降;刀具的进给量存在一个临界值,当进给量f大于此临界值时,表面粗糙度会随着进给量的增加而急剧上升;在中、高速度切削P20钢时,对表面粗糙度影响最大的是进给量f,其次是进给速度ν,刀具的切削深度ap 的影响最小;涂层刀具在正常磨损范围内,工件表面的粗糙度Ra随着刀具磨损量VB值的变化幅度很小。     

航空铝合金高效精密电解铣磨加工试验

基于电化学溶解与机械磨削的复合作用对工件材料大余量去除的技术上,提出了针对航空铝合金的电解铣磨加工方法。试验研究表明:与电解铣削加工相比,电解铣磨加工可获得更高的加工速度,材料去除率从160.64 mm~3/min提升至192.58 mm~3/min,侧面平整度从434.1μm减至274.1μm,底面平整度从1154.1μm降至610.5μm。此外,在电解铣磨精密加工阶段后,侧面平整度的数值从274.1μm进一步降至77.4μm,表面粗糙度从Ra1.373μm减至Ra0.539μm。     

6061-T6铝合金纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工试验研究

基于纵-扭复合振动超声加工和超声深滚加工提出了纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工工艺。采用普通深滚与纵-扭复合振动超声深滚2种加工方法对供应态6061-T6铝合金轴件进行表面强化处理,研究深滚工艺参数对加工表面质量的影响。结果表明:引入纵-扭复合振动后,超声深滚工艺参数对表面质量的影响规律与普通深滚不同,且在相同的工艺参数下,超声深滚所获得的表面粗糙度Ra值要小于普通深滚,最高降低约50%,而表面显微硬度和硬化率则有大幅提高,硬化率最高约为普通深滚的3倍,经纵-扭复合振动超声深滚处理后的表面更光滑,从而证明了纵-扭复合振动超声深滚加工工艺能更有效地实现6061-T6铝合金的强化处理。     

超声辅助TiAlN和TiAlSiN涂层刀具切削不锈钢性能的研究

研究了不同涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助作用下切削304不锈钢的切削性能,如磨损情况、刀具寿命、工件表面质量以及切削力。分别采用未涂层、TiAlN、TiAlSiN涂层铣刀结合超声刀柄进行铣削实验;对比研究不同影响因素耦合下的切削性能;采用超景深三维视频显微镜表征刀具后刀面磨损情况;采用粗糙度测量仪测试工件表面粗糙度;采用扫描电镜观察工件的表面形貌;采用kistler测力仪测量切削力。结果表明:TiAlN涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助下,磨料磨损速度最慢,铣刀使用寿命最长(走刀距离在45m左右),其寿命是无超声振动辅助无涂层铣刀寿命的11.25倍。TiAlN涂层铣刀在超声振动辅助下加工304不锈钢工件的表面粗糙度最好;从无超声状态到有超声状态下加工,TiAlN涂层刀具加工时工件所受的切削力均略小于TiAlSiN涂层刀具加工时工件所受的切削力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.