镁合金表面自清洁、耐高温复合膜层的制备与表征

目的 在镁合金表面制备自清洁、耐高温复合膜层,拓展镁合金在严酷环境中的应用。方法 采用化学转化-沸水封闭-硬脂酸修饰三步处理,在AZ31镁合金表面制备含有耐高温锆化合物组分的低黏附、超疏水复合膜层。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)表征膜层形貌。利用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征膜层成分。利用接触角测量仪(CA)和高速摄像机(HSC)表征膜层润湿性和黏附性。以粉笔灰为模拟污染物测试膜层在空气和油相中的自清洁性能。通过高温暴露试验和循环沸水浸泡试验测试膜层的耐高温性能。结果 复合膜层主要由锆/镁的(氢)氧化物及硬质酸盐组成,呈被部分填充的纳米纤维组成的微米网络结构。水在膜层表面的静态接触角为160.4°、滚动角为1°,符合“Cassie-Baxter”模型,膜层具有超疏水、低黏附特性;复合膜层具有优异的自清洁性能和耐高温性能。结论 成功制备了含有耐高温锆化合物组分的低黏附、超疏水复合膜层,该膜层具有自清洁、耐高温性能。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化/自组装复合膜的耐蚀性能

目的 提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性能.方法 采用微弧氧化工艺对镁合金进行预处理,再通过自组装技术处理,在镁合金表面制备微弧氧化/十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷自组装复合膜层.通过SEM、EDS对复合膜的微观组织结构进行分析,并通过XPS、拉曼光谱分析了复合膜的表面成分,利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线、盐雾实验和浸泡实验检测了复合膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果 复合膜均匀覆盖在镁合金表面,且复合膜较为光滑,主要含有C、O、F、Si等元素.经过自组装处理后,膜层从亲水性转为疏水性,接触角达到145.07°.经电化学性能测试,复合膜的Rct值能达到2.242×106?·cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比,增大了2个数量级;此外,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度为1.314×10-8 A/cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比也降低了2个数量级,具有较好的耐腐蚀性.浸泡120 h后,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度仍有1.061×10-5 A/cm2,盐雾实验进行120 h也没有出现明显的腐蚀现象.结论 自组装技术明显提高了镁合金基体的耐蚀性能,微弧氧化膜在一定程度上增强了自组装膜层对基材的粘附力.由于复合膜的疏水性使得水滴在膜层表面停留的时间减少,所以膜层的耐蚀性会随着疏水性增大而大大提高.     

西安交大科研人员发明镁合金防腐蚀新技术

正如何在镁合金表面制备出兼顾腐蚀防护、高强韧性的牢固的保护膜层,是困扰镁合金行业的关键技术瓶颈。近日,西安交通大学微纳米尺度材料行为研究中心和陕西省镁基新材料工程研究中心成功地在微纳尺度镁合金表面制备出致密、强韧和牢固的纳米级保护层,为研制新型高强韧耐蚀镁合金提供了全新的技术思路。"腐蚀防护是镁合金行业的核心课题之一。尽管现有技术可以制备出抗蚀性良好的防护膜层,但这类膜层往往比较脆,容易     

MB8镁合金表面超疏水复合膜层的制备与表征

利用微弧氧化技术在镁合金表面制备微米级粗糙结构,采用环氧树脂溶液和纳米二氧化硅分散液对该表面进行涂覆处理,得到二氧化硅纳米颗粒均匀分布的粗糙表面,再利用全氟硅烷改性,制备得到具有超疏水性的复合膜层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测量仪、高速摄影系统评价膜层的形貌结构和润湿性。结果表明,微弧氧化层所具有的微米级结构和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的微/纳二元粗糙结构对疏水性的提高具有重要作用;复合膜层表面的接触角随二氧化硅分散液浓度的提高呈现先增加后减小趋势,并最终逐渐稳定在150o左右;在二氧化硅分散液浓度为10.0g/L时,复合表面的接触角最大,可达161o,在此条件下获取的复合表面对不同pH值的液滴均具有超疏水性。同时该表面对水滴呈现低黏附特性。     

镁合金表面无机-有机杂化硅膜的制备及其防护性能研究

通过在正硅酸乙酯水解过程中加入硅烷偶联剂得到了杂化硅溶胶,进而采用提拉法在AZ31镁合金表面制备了无机-有机杂化硅膜。利用SEM和AFM观察了膜层的表面形貌,利用XPS和FT-IR分析了膜层的组成,通过动电位极化曲线和EIS研究了膜层的防护性能。结果表明,杂化膜层均匀、致密,完整覆盖在镁合金基体表面;杂化膜层的阻值(1.717×10~4Ω·cm~2)大于传统铬酸盐转化膜的阻值(1.611×10~4Ω·cm~2),样品的腐蚀电流密度相对于裸金属的下降了约2个数量级。硅烷偶联剂的位阻效应可以有效调节传统的正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚过程,使形成的杂化硅溶胶在成膜时不易产生团簇,保证了膜层的致密完整,从而能够很好地阻挡腐蚀介质的渗透,对镁合金发挥良好的防护作用。     

铝合金超疏水表面的构建及其稳定性与自清洁性能研究

目的 通过化学刻蚀结合阳极氧化法,制备具有优良机械稳定性和自清洁性能的铝合金超疏水表面.方法 采用盐酸化学刻蚀结合草酸阳极氧化法,对1060型铝合金表面构筑了具有阶梯-孔状微纳结构,再经过低表面能物质十八胺的修饰,获得了超疏水表面.探索表面微纳米结构对铝合金超疏水表面机械稳定性等性能的影响.结果 经过砂纸磨损200 cm后,表面接触角依旧高达160.33°;600 g的落砂实验冲击后,表面接触角仍保持150°,具有良好的机械稳定性.由动电位极化曲线测试结果表明,与纯铝相比,该超疏水表面具有良好的耐腐蚀性.再将超疏水铝浸入不同pH值的溶液中至24 h发现,铝合金表面依然具有良好的超疏水性能,且在pH=10的弱碱溶液中,其接触角依旧保持在163.09°.在坚固的微纳米结构的阳极氧化铝层、十八胺以及超疏水表面的气垫作用下,铝合金超疏水表面的防腐蚀性能得到提高.对比各种常见饮料在该表面的润湿性,该表面具有出色的自清洁效果.结论 铝合金超疏水表面具有良好的机械稳定性、化学稳定性以及自清洁效果.     

基于微/纳二元结构镁合金超疏水膜层的制备

利用微弧氧化技术在镁合金表面制备微米级粗糙结构,采用环氧树脂溶液和纳米二氧化硅分散液对该表面进行涂覆处理,再利用全氟硅烷改性,制备得到具有超疏水性的复合膜层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测量仪、高速摄影系统和电化学工作站评价膜层的形貌结构、润湿性和耐蚀性。结果表明:微弧氧化层所具有的微米级结构和纳米二氧化硅颗粒组成的微/纳二元粗糙结构对疏水性的提高具有重要作用;复合膜层表面的接触角随二氧化硅分散液浓度的提高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,并最终逐渐稳定在150°左右;当二氧化硅分散液溶度为10 g/L时,复合表面的接触角最大可达161°。同时该表面对水滴呈现低黏附特性。动电位极化曲线表明:与镁合金基底相比,微弧氧化层和复合膜层的耐蚀性提高2~3个数量级。     

铝合金表面缓蚀自修复疏水性膜层的制备与表征

以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(TEOCS)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在铝合金表面制备一种硅烷改性膜层,并研究掺杂不同含量铈盐CeNO33·6H2O对膜层性能的影响.通过原子力显微镜、接触角测试、电化学阻抗谱和扫描电化学显微镜对掺杂前后膜层的表面形貌、润湿性、耐腐蚀性和自修复性能进行了表征.结果表明,当掺杂铈盐的含量为0.005 mol/L时,膜层具有较少的缺陷、较好的疏水性以及良好的耐蚀自修复性.     

镁合金表面SA/GO耐蚀/耐磨一体化复合涂层EI北大核心CSCD

氧化石墨烯(GO)作为一种典型的二维层状材料在表面防护领域具有较大的应用潜力,然而其团聚现象和表面大量纳米孔隙的存在往往会削弱其对基体的保护作用。将硬脂酸(SA)接枝到GO片层并采用自组装的方法,在AZ31B镁合金表面制备SA-GO复合涂层。采用SEM、XRD和FT-IR表征涂层的表面形貌、结构以及官能团;采用接触角测试仪、电化学工作站和摩擦磨损试验机分别表征涂层的润湿性、耐蚀性以及耐磨性。电化学测试结果表明,该复合涂层的引入使得腐蚀电流密度降低了约三个数量级,显著提高了镁合金基体的耐蚀性,这与涂层孔隙率的降低以及疏水性的增加有关。摩擦测试结果表明:与镁合金基体相比,SA-GO涂层的磨损率降低了99.3%,摩擦因数降低了83.1%,这与SA的自润滑性能以及GO层间距增加导致GO片层更易滑移有关。研究成果为实现金属表面防腐/耐磨一体化防护研究提供了实验依据和理论基础。     

自相似双层结构自修复超疏水涂层的制备及性能

目的 研究自修复超疏水复合涂层的制备工艺及自修复性能.方法 将环氧树脂、中性硅酮胶和疏水纳米SiO2混合制得涂料底层,纳米SiO2与无水乙醇混合得到涂料面层,采用两步浸涂法在载玻片表面制备出具有自修复功能的自相似双层超疏水涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角测量仪,对复合涂层的微观形貌、分子结构和润湿...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.