溶解乙炔生产中两种净化工艺的比较

电石法生产的乙炔气中常含有H2S、PH3等杂质,产品达不到GB6819-1996《溶解乙炔》的要求,因此,用电石法生产的产品必须采用净化工艺除杂质。净化方法有干法和湿法两种,由于干法净化使用固体净化剂,净化后净化剂大都带有毒性物质,直接排放会造成环境污染,回收利用又不经济,这种方法已被禁止采用。现在推行湿法净化,使用液体净化剂,最常用的是NaClO和浓H2SO4,利用这两种物质具有氧化性的特点,将乙炔气中的气相:H2S,PH3等杂质氧化生成可溶性物质而转入液相,使乙炔气达到净化的目的。不同的净化剂采用不同的工艺流程,下面从净化工艺和生产过程的经济价值加以比较。     

干法乙炔脱硫

论述了干法乙炔生产中去除乙炔气体中H2S杂质的工艺计算和工艺指标的控制,解决了干法乙炔清净不合格的问题。     

电石制乙炔废水除磷工程实例

某化工厂电石制乙炔过程中电石与发生器内水反应生成粗乙炔气体,粗乙炔气体经有效氯0.07%～0.12%的次氯酸钠溶液接触净化后,乙炔含磷杂质进入废水中。对电石制乙炔含磷废水含磷成份及浓度进行分析,并进行除磷试验,常规的除磷工艺对总磷浓度效果较差,最终确定采用芬顿氧化+絮凝沉淀工艺。废水处理规模为400 t/d,总磷浓度由30 mg/L稳定降到1 mg/L以下,对类似工程有一定的参考意义。     

气相色谱法测定电石乙炔气中H_2S和PH_3含量

采用气相色谱法检测电石乙炔气中H2S、PH3含量，较好解决了电石国标H2S、PH3检测方法操作复杂、分析时间过长．以及不能及时提供检测数据的问题，而且检测结果不受电石乙炔气中所含水分、空气的影响。     

氯水配制NaClO在乙炔清净中的应用探讨

介绍了用氯水和氢氧化钠配制成次氯酸钠的方法,通过理论计算认为,由回收氯水制成的次氯酸钠可以全部用于电石法乙炔气体中H2S、PH3清除.     

氯水配制NaCIO在乙炔清净中的应用探讨

介绍了用氯水和氢氧化钠配制成次氯酸钠的方法,通过理论计算认为,由回收氯水制成的次氯酸钠可以全部用于电石法乙炔气体中H2S、PH3的清除。     

乙炔清净次氯酸钠废水的回用

介绍了乙炔清净工序产生的次氯酸钠废水的处理技术,通过采用真空萃取、氧化、絮凝、沉淀、过滤等方法,回收了次氯酸钠废水中溶解的乙炔,去除了其中的氯化物、硅、硫、磷、镁等杂质,减少了次氯酸钠配制的安全隐患和对电石渣水泥生产及质量的影响。     

溶解乙炔的净化

溶解乙炔的净化黄同林（江西经纬化工厂南昌３３０００４）一、乙炔气净化的必要性由电石法制取乙炔气与其它方法比有浓度高的优点，但电石中含有硫、磷、硅、砷、氮等杂质，所以产生的乙炔气中含有硫化氢、磷化氢、硅化氢、砷化氢、氨等杂质，这些杂质具有下列危害性：１...     

乙炔气中杂质气体成分分析

由电石制乙炔合成PVC的工艺路线是我国PVC产业的重要路线之一,由于电石成分较为复杂,水解反应所制得的乙炔气中含有多种杂质气体,结合生产实际通过实验与微量硫磷分析仪对此进行了定性、定量分析,为后期的乙炔气净化工艺过程中杂质气成分的在线分析提供了依据。     

干式乙炔发生器

介绍一种从电石(CaC~2)中制取干燥乙炔气体,同时留下干燥石灰残渣的多层发生装置,其反应用水是由化学平衡方程式求得的,能使喷淋至电石表面的水与其发生完全反应,释放出干燥的乙炔气体;此外,它能保证加料、卸渣及排放气体等过程均在正常运行中进行,而不会发生气体泄漏。     

Boosting C2H6/C2H4 separation in scalable metal-organic frameworks through pore engineering

The development of ethane (C₂H₆)-selective adsorbents for ethylene (C₂H₄) purification, although challenging, is of prime industrial importance. Pillared-layer metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess facilely tunable pore structure and functionality, which means they have excellent potential for high-performance C₂H₆/C₂H₄ separation applications. Herein, we report a family of isostructural pillared-layer MOFs with various metal centers M and co-ligands L, M₂(D-cam)₄L₂ (denoted M-cam-L; M = Cu, Co, Ni; L = pyz, apyz, dabco), with a variety of pore surface properties. All of the M-cam-L materials exhibit preferential adsorption for C₂H₆ over C₂H₄. In particular, Ni-cam-pyz exhibits the highest C₂H₆ capture capacity (68.75 cm³ g⁻¹ at 1 bar and 298 K), Cu-cam-dabco possesses the greatest C₂H₆/C₂H₄ adsorption selectivity (2.3), and the lowest isosteric heat of adsorption is demonstrated for Cu-cam-pyz (20.1 kJ mol⁻¹). Dynamic column breakthrough experiments also confirmed the excellent separation performance of M-cam-pyz and M-cam-dabco materials. The synthesis route of the M-cam-L materials is easily scaled-up under laboratory conditions, and hence this class of MOFs is promising for practical C₂H₄ purification.     

Enhanced one-step purification of C2H4 from C2H2/C2H4/C2H6 mixtures by fluorinated Zr-MOF

The extraction of C₂H₄ from C₂H₆/C₂H₄/C₂H₂ mixtures is of great significance in the chemical industry for C₂H₄ production but the process remains challenging due to the similarity of these C₂ hydrocarbon species in their molecular size and physical properties. Here, we report the fluorination of a stable Zr-MOF, UiO-66, to fine-tune the pore dimensions and pore functionality. In particular, UiO-66-CF₃ shows notably preferential adsorption of C₂H₆ and C₂H₂ over C₂H₄, with C₂H₂/C₂H₄ and C₂H₆/C₂H₄ selectivities of 1.4 and 1.9, respectively. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the binding sites of UiO-66-CF₃ for C₂ hydrocarbon adsorption. Breakthrough experiments further confirmed the capability of the material for purification of C₂H₄ from C₂H₂/C₂H₄/C₂H₆ ternary mixtures, evidenced by the high purity C₂H₄ (99.9%+) obtained directly from outlet gas.     

乙烷-氧-水氧化裂解制乙烯反应的研究

研究了不同反应体系组成的乙烷造反然的反应性能,考究了乙烷－氧－水反应体系氧化裂解制乙烯的反应条件。结果表明,在不同反应体系中,以Ｃ２Ｈ６－Ｏ２－Ｈ２Ｏ氧化裂解制乙烯反应性能最佳,８００℃的乙烷转化率为８５．１％,乙烯选择性为６８．１％,乙烯收率可达５８％,Ｃ２Ｈ６－Ｏ２－Ｈ２Ｏ氧化裂解帛乙烯体系最佳工艺参数;反应温度为８５０℃,原料气组成为５０．５％,Ｃ２Ｈ６＋２５．２％Ｏ２＋２４．３％Ｈ２Ｏ停留     

Separation of C6H6 and C6H12 from H2 using ionic liquid/PVDF composite membrane

Ionic liquid/polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane was successfully prepared by impregnation method and used for the separation on organic chemical hydride process. The separation factors of C₆H₆/H₂ and C₆H₁₂/H₂ in the ternary mixture system were 7500 and 300, respectively. The ionic liquid membrane showed an excellent possibility as a technology of H₂ purification in the organic chemical hydride process by removing aromatic hydrocarbon and cycloalkane simultaneously from the ternary system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 624–628, 2016     

[(C_2H_5)_4N]_2｛Fe_4S_4[S_2CN(C_2H_5)_2]_4｝的晶体和分子结构

本文报导含类立方烷型簇核Ｆｅ４ｓ４的金硫配位化合物［（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４Ｎ］２｛Ｆｅ４Ｓ４［Ｓ２ＣＮ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）２］４｝的合成、晶体和分子结构测定的结果。     

丙烯腈-乙腈-水热力学分析与萃取精馏过程模拟

应用模拟软件ASPEN PLUS对丙烯腈-乙腈萃取精馏进行模拟。采用NRTL热力学模型计算液相活度系数。模拟计算出的常压下气液平衡数据与文献相比较,较为吻合。通过C_3H_3N-C_2H_3N-H_2O三元物系剩余曲线与液液相平衡图分析了丙烯腈与乙腈萃取分离的可能性及丙烯腈-水共沸物分离的可能性。最后通过模拟计算得到了沿塔各组分浓度和温度分布曲线,均能达工艺分离要求。     

Efficient H2 Production from Ethanol over Mo2C/C Nanotube Catalyst

Mo₂C deposited on silica is an effective catalyst for the decomposition of ethanol; the extent of the reaction approached 100% even at 623–673 K. Beside H₂ several C-containing compounds were produced, which caused the low yield of hydrogen. Preparation of Mo₂C by the reaction of MoO₃ with multiwall carbon nanotube, however, dramatically altered the product distribution. The formation of hydrogen came into prominence; about 40% of hydrogen content of ethanol decomposed at 523–723 K has been converted into H₂. Another feature of the Mo₂C/C nanotube is the relatively slow deactivation. Adding water to ethanol further enhanced the hydrogen production.     

有机锡化合物{n-Bu2Sn[2,6-(O2C)2C5H3N](H2O)}2的合成和晶体结构

利用二丁基氧化锡与2,6-吡啶二甲酸反应合成了目标化合物{n-Bu2Sn[2,6-(O2C)2C5H3N](H2O)}2。用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱以及X-射线单晶衍射进行了表征和结构测定。X-射线单晶衍射测定表明,该化合物为四方晶系,空间群P4(2)/n,a=1.7721(5)nm,b=1.7721(5)nm,c=1.1164(4)nm,α=β=γ=90,°Z=4,V=3.5060nm3,F(000)=1680,R1=0.0344,wR2=0.0853。化合物中两个锡原子呈七配位畸变五角双锥构型。     

C2H6/C3H8影响CH4爆炸极限参数及动力学特性研究

为研究C₂H₆/C₃H₈对甲烷爆炸极限参数及动力学特性的影响,采用标准的可燃气体爆炸极限测定装置测定了不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸极限的影响规律,同时得出了氮气惰化条件下甲烷爆炸临界参数的变化规律。此外,利用Chemkin软件模拟了C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体对甲烷爆炸过程中中间产物浓度的影响情况,并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在降低了甲烷的爆炸上下限,增大了甲烷的爆炸危险度;在氮气惰化过程中甲烷的爆炸上限下降,爆炸下限上升,最终爆炸上下限重合,重合点处甲烷浓度和氮气临界浓度均随C₂H₆/C₃H₈的添加而逐渐减小;此外,C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体使甲烷爆炸过程中CO和·H的生成量逐渐增大,而CO₂、·O和·OH的生成量则有下降趋势,通过对爆炸过程中甲烷体积的敏感性分析,发现C₂H₆/C₃H₈的存在在某种程度上促进了甲烷爆炸。对比不同配比的C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气体,发现C₃H₈含量越高,其对甲烷爆炸过程中相关参数的影响越大,这可为工矿企业的安全生产提供一定的理论依据。     

Boosting selective C2H2/CH4, C2H4/CH4 and CO2/CH4 adsorption performance via 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers

Nitrogen-rich porous organic polymers have shown great potentials in gas adsorption/separation, photocatalysis, electrochemistry, sensing and so on. Herein, 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymers (TT-POPs) have been synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Cu-AAC) polymerization reactions of 1,3,5-tris(4-azidophenyl)-triazine with 1,4-diacetylene benzene and 1,3,5-triacetylenebenzene, respectively. The characterizations of N₂ adsorption at 77 K show TT-POPs possess permanent porosity with BET surface areas of 666 m²·g^-1 (TT-POP-1) and 406 m²·g^-1 (TT-POP-2). The adsorption capacities of TT-POPs for CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₂ and C₂H₄, as well as the selective separation abilities of CO₂/N₂, CO₂/CH₄, C₂H₂/CH₄ and C₂H₄/CH₄ were evaluated. The gas selective separation ratio of TT-POPs was calculated by the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) method, wherein the selective separation ratios of C₂H₂/CH₄ and C₂H₄/CH₄ of TT-POP-2 was 48.4 and 13.6 (298 K, 0.1 MPa), which is comparable to other adsorbents (5.6-120.6 for C₂H₂/CH₄, 10-26 for C₂H₄/CH₄). This work shows that the 1,2,3-triazole functionalized triazine-based porous organic polymer has a good application prospect in natural gas purification.