真空热压烧结对高纯W-Si合金靶材性能影响

以高纯W-Si合金粉(>99.995%)为原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备高纯W-Si合金靶材。研究烧结温度、热压压力、保温时间等工艺条件对靶材密度、微观组织性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度在1350~1380℃,热压压力25~30 MPa,保温时间1.5~2 h,可制备出相对密度99%以上、平均晶粒尺寸100μm以内的高性能W-Si合金靶材。     

低温真空扩散反应制备高性能TiAl合金粉

通过高能球磨均匀混合以及低温真空预烧工艺制备TiAl合金粉,原料为粒度43μmTi粉和9~12μmAl粉,研究不同温度下不同保温时间后Ti、Al混合粉的合金化程度。结果表明:高能球磨1h的Ti、Al混合粉在500℃保温2h,再在600℃保温3h能制得主要为TiAl相和少量Ti3Al相的合金粉,制备合金粉的平均粒径为20μm左右。     

FeNiCo预合金粉末的烧结特性及其在金刚石绳锯中的应用

通过多金属电解法制备FeNiCo预合金粉末,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对预合金粉末及其烧结体进行形貌观察和物相分析,研究FeNiCo预合金粉不同温度烧结时烧结体的力学性能和磨损性能,并探讨其在金刚石绳锯中应用的可行性。结果表明:制备的FeNiCo预合金粉一定程度上实现合金化,粉末呈不规则状,粒度较细;FeNiCo预合金粉在800~840℃烧结时,烧结体硬度最大值为107.6 HRB,三点抗弯强度最大值为1638.3MPa,致密度最大值为96.2%,磨损质量损失为0.498~0.555g,烧结温度适应性较好。采用FeNiCo预合金粉为主要胎体成分制作金刚石绳锯锯切硬质石材时,切割效率为8.6 m~2/h,工具寿命为11.3 m~2/m,具有较好的综合使用性能。     

钛铝靶材的相结构对涂层的结构和性能的影响

研究了完全合金化和完全未合金化钛铝靶材的结构,并研究了采用磁控溅射法,通氮气与不通氮气条件下沉积涂层的成分、结构和性能,探讨了不同相结构钛铝靶材与其沉积涂层在成分、结构和性能之间的关系。     

预合金粉为黏结剂的TiC钢结硬质合金组织演变与强韧性研究

采用水雾化法制备了Fe-xMo(x=1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0)预合金粉,以这种粉末为黏结剂,采用粉末冶金工艺制备了TiC高锰钢钢结硬质合金。研究了Fe-Mo粉的Mo含量对烧结合金组织演变和强韧性的影响。对球磨粉的粒度检验表明,由于Mo元素的合金化作用,提高了黏结相粉末的硬度,因此,可以将混合粉末破碎得更加细小,提高了粉末的活性,有助于合金的烧结和致密化。合金的组织观察表明,采用Fe-Mo预合金粉为黏结剂可以显著细化和球化TiC硬质相,组织均匀。当合金中Mo的质量分数为1.15%(即Fe-3.0Mo为黏结剂)时,合金的组织最好,强度和韧性达到最大值,分别为2 296 MPa和12.67 J/cm~2。之后,合金的晶粒尺寸随着Mo含量的增加而增大,强韧性逐渐降低。因此,采用成分合适的Fe-Mo预合金粉为黏结剂可以显著提高合金的强韧性。     

喷雾干燥法制备钼合金微粉的研究

钼合金的制备过程广泛采用原料粉末混匀、坯料压制、烧结成型的粉末冶金方法,因此原料粉末混合的均匀程度、纯度、粉末粒径和形貌对钼合金制品的性能有重要影响。本文采用溶液喷雾干燥法制备前驱体粉末,再将前驱体粉末在氢气气氛下进行高温还原制备钼钨合金粉和钼钌镍复合粉,研究了喷雾干燥工艺参数（溶液浓度、进料速度、干燥温度等）和还原热处理工艺参数（还原气氛、温度、时间等）对钼合金微粉粒径、成分和形貌的影响,此外还分析了钼钨合金化和钼钌镍复合粉钎焊性能。结果表明,采用溶液喷雾干燥结合还原热处理工艺,可获得粒径0.5~3μm的球形钼钨固溶体合金粉和0.5~2μm的球形钼钌镍复合粉,且钼钌镍复合粉在钼板上钎焊时具有优异的润湿性。     

一种烧结铝合金的制备工艺

日本爱知县日立粉末治金公司（Hitachi Powdered Metals Co．,Ltd．）研发的一种烧结铝合金制备工艺在美国取得了专利,其专利号为US7166254B2。首先将快速凝固的Al-Si合金粉、Al粉和Cu粉或铜合金粉混匀,然后将混匀的粉末压制成形后进行烧结,如认为必要可进行热处理。Al粉的最大粒度≤100μm,而其平均粒度为45μm～75μm。     

高纯稀土钇靶材焊接技术

以高纯稀土钇材料、铜及6061Al合金材料为研究对象,研究了高纯稀土钇靶材的钎焊与扩散焊接性能。结果表明,稀土钇靶材对In焊料的浸润性差,需要对靶材进行金属化处理,提高靶材的焊接性能;研究不同钎焊焊接温度对稀土钇靶材焊接质量的影响,焊接温度越高靶材焊合率越高,与焊料的流动性提高有关;开展高纯稀土钇靶材与6061Al合金的扩散焊接技术研究,在焊接温度400℃,压力110 MPa,保温3 h的扩散焊接后,扩散区深度约为8μm,焊接界面实现冶金结合,焊接强度达到70 MPa,满足8~12英寸大尺寸靶材的高溅射功率要求。     

机械合金化合成Invar合金纳米晶粉体

采用商用FeNi30及FeNi50合金粉为原料通过机械合金化(MA)合成纳米晶Invar合金(FeNi36)粉体,研究了不同球磨时间的Invar合金粉体的物相组成、显微组织结构与形貌特征,探讨其合金化机制。结果表明:球磨初期(5~10 h),微锻造和冷焊过程使合金粉体呈扁平形复合层状结构,同时FeNi50中的Ni原子逐渐向FeNi30中扩散,发生成分均匀化;球磨40 h后,已形成了成分均匀的α'-Fe(Ni)固溶体,其平均晶粒尺寸约为12 nm。此时,机械合金化合成的Invar合金粉体呈球形,表面光滑,继续球磨,大颗粒粉体表面出现裂纹,并碎裂,导致粉体细化。     

纳米晶W粉和W-Ni-Fe预合金粉的制备

采用高能球磨法制备纳米晶W粉和W-Ni-Fe预合金粉，研究了不同的球磨材质包括硬质合金球(CCB)、钨球(TAB)和球磨转速、球料比及球磨时间等条件对球磨后粉末性能的影响。利用XRD，TEM和EDX分析球磨后粉末的晶粒尺寸、晶格畸变、形貌、结构变化及颗粒成分变化。结果表明：高能球磨法可制得10nm～80nm的W粉和W-Ni-Fe预合金粉，纳米级颗粒含量达80％以上。相同材质的钨球制得的纳米粉末综合性能较好。球磨过程中，粉末保持颗粒状结构，纳米级粉末颗粒形状最终趋于等轴化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.