基于奇异值分解的图像匹配方法

传统的图像匹配方法中, 由于实时图和参考图之间存在着灰度差异和几何形变,仅用灰度作为特征进行匹配算法的性能很容易受到影响。文中提出了一种基于奇异值分解的图像匹配方法。该方法首先利用奇异值分解方法,求出模板图像矩阵的奇异值及奇异值向量,用它们作为模板图像的特征代替传统算法中的灰度对两幅待匹配图像进行全局搜索定位。由于奇异分解方法所特有的优越性,匹配实验取得了良好效果。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于SWAD算法的空间面目标高精度跟踪技术研究

针对空间面目标的高精度跟踪问题,提出一种面目标高精度跟踪方法,该方法利用SWAD模板匹配算法和亚像素拟合算法提取目标精确的位置信息,并在跟踪过程中对模板进行实时更新。对传统的无限冲击响应滤波模板更新方法进行了改进,提出一种变系数模板更新方法,该方法计算量小,不需要经过复杂的置信度判断,模板更新系数由当前模板图像和当前最佳匹配区域图像的灰度值决定;利用不同亮度的目标,以及对目标图像进行尺度变换模拟姿态变化的目标,比较了该模板更新算法和传统算法的匹配误差,结果表明:该算法能够更好地适应目标姿态的变化;最后通过平行光管和靶标板模拟远场非合作目标,搭建了室内演示试验,证明了利用模板匹配进行高精度目标跟踪的可行性。     

基于奇异值分解的特征跟踪方法

在传统的基于模板匹配的跟踪方法中，均是给定一个模板，然后从图像中各个位置取出一个个与模板大小一致的区域进行相似性度量，找出与模板距离最小的一个区域作为当前模板，以便进行下一步的匹配跟踪工作。在景象匹配和相关跟踪过程中，由于所面临的大多数是变化的场景，实时获取的图像与预存模板之间存在比较大的差异，传统相关匹配方法的应用就会受到限制；而且在跟踪过程中，随时更新模板会造成跟踪性能对扰动过分敏感，从而产生漂移。首先拍摄目标不同角度的图像（尽可能包含目标可能出现的所有情况），构成目标图像训练集合，抽取出特征矩阵，对它进行奇异值分解，构成一个关于目标的多维空间。然后再用匹配方法在全局范围搜索，找出目标的大致位置，并利用收敛方法在确定的大致位置内进行搜索，确定目标的仿射变换系数，从而得到一个目标位置的确切描述。     

一种多视角自适应的模板匹配目标检测方法

基于灰度的模板匹配方法难以解决航空图像多视角变换问题,而基于特征点的模板匹配方法难以解决低分辨率小目标模板图像匹配不稳定的问题。为此,提出了一种基于变换矩阵空间优化搜索的模板匹配方法。首先将多视角下的投影变换空间进行离散化建模,利用归一化灰度的模板与实时图像,以投影后模板图像与实时图像之间的绝对误差和（SAD）建立优化模型;然后通过优化搜索算法寻找到模板图像与实时图像之间的最优变换矩阵,检测出实时图像中的包含的模板目标;最后针对搜索的时间复杂度较高问题设计了基于分支界限法的加速算法。利用公开数据集和实际图像进行仿真实验,结果表明所提的模板匹配方法相比传统特征匹配方法对于高斯噪声、高斯模糊和图像有损压缩等图像退化具有更好的适应性,在大视角差异和低分辨率条件下具有更低的投影误差和更高的稳定性,并解决了单模板多目标的匹配检测问题。     

基于奇异值分解的自适应模板更新研究

研究了基于奇异值分解的图像匹配和目标跟踪问题。由于图像的奇异值特征具有良好的稳定性,可以将奇异值当作一种有效的代数特征来描述并表征图像。根据所定义的奇异值缩放不变量提出了一种基于奇异值分解的模板更新算法。在算法中,根据奇异值向量的缩放不变特征来度量当前模板内的目标信息,然后根据所定义的置信度自动计算更新后所需的模板大小,从而使更新后的模板更有效地包含目标。试验表明：提出的模板更新算法在序列图像的目标跟踪中具有较好的实用性。     

基于目标中心距离加权和图像特征识别的跟踪算法

本文提出了一种实时跟踪算法,以目标中心距离加权的灰度图像作为模板,采用mean-shift迭代方法实现目标的空间定位;同时建立二值图像模板,根据目标的图像特征,进行尺度定位.本算法改进了kernel-based算法对变尺度目标的跟踪.对于超过一定像素的较大目标,本算法进行"降采样",大大减小运算量,从而实现了对大尺度目标的实时跟踪.实时视频流的跟踪实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于增量学习的红外目标粒子滤波跟踪方法

针对红外图像序列中目标与背景的对比度低、灰度特征易受噪声影响等特点,提出了一种基于增量学习目标表观模型和粒子滤波的红外目标跟踪方法。通过在线学习机制,利用增量奇异值分解算法对图像特征空间的基向量进行准确更新,从而建立红外目标的鲁棒表观模型。在此基础上,采用粒子滤波对目标状态进行有效预测,实现了红外目标的有效跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法能有效、准确地跟踪红外图像序列中的运动目标。     

基于多目标优化的SIFT特征匹配算法

SIFT算子在实际应用中,由于地面图像本身特征不明显且提取出的特征点多、乱以及灰度变化不明显等特点的影响,从而导致特征点误匹配。为此提出一种改进的SIFT图像特征匹配算法。该算法是在SIFT特征匹配的基础上,利用多目标优化算法,建立相关匹配模板,利用给定同一场景的两幅图像,寻找同一场景点投影到图像中的模板之间的相关性建立数学模型即目标函数,根据同一幅图像中模板间的距离建立边界约束条件,从而剔除一些误匹配点。实验表明,该算法可以有效地提高图像匹配精度。     

动态目标实时跟随及其预测算法应用研究

实时成像跟踪系统要求对运动目标能够有较快的响应速度,跟踪的响应时间越短,系统的实时性就越好,从而可靠的跟踪系统显得尤为重要。文中在研究了目前常用几种跟踪算法的基础上,提出了一种基于目标特征匹配和Kalman预测相结合的跟踪方法,选取目标的灰度直方图信息做为特征匹配模板,使用Kalman滤波器对目标在下一帧图像中可能出现的位置进行预测,在预测范围内进行搜索及模板匹配,实验结果表明,该跟踪算法能够对目标实现稳定可靠的跟踪。     

目标实时跟踪与预测算法研究

实时成像跟踪系统要求对运动目标能够有较快的响应速度,跟踪的响应时间越短,系统的实时性就越好,从而可靠的跟踪系统显得尤为重要。文中在研究了目前常用几种跟踪算法的基础上,提出一种基于目标特征匹配和Kalman预测相结合的跟踪方法,选取目标的灰度直方图信息做为特征匹配模板,使用Kalman滤波器对目标在下一帧图像中可能出现的位置进行预测,在预测范围内进行搜索及模板匹配,实验结果表明,该跟踪算法能够对目标实现稳定可靠的跟踪。     

一种新的基于对应像素距离度量的图像相关匹配方法

传统的图像相关匹配方法中,由于实时图和参考图之间存在着灰度差异和一定程度的几何形变以及对目标的局部遮挡,使得利用求取对应像素灰度差累加和来进行相似性度量算法的性能很容易受到影响。文中从另一角度提出了一种新的图像相关匹配算法。该方法改变了原先匹配算法中求取模块图像和目标图像的像素灰度差的和的方法,而改为求取两幅图像之间相接近的点的个数,从而使匹配算法的稳定性大大提高,因为 局部出现的大片噪声点将不会影响匹配的结果,而这样的情况在传统的相关算法中将会显著影响匹配结果。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Seam carving based aesthetics enhancement for photos

Recently people are becoming more and more interested in the quality of photographs with the growing interest of image aesthetics. Many previous works start to focus on aesthetically enhancing the quality of images. In this paper, we come up with a novel approach to enhance image aesthetics. An aesthetically beautiful image usually has a clever composition of objects, the optimal positions of which have been deeply discussed by previous methods and reached good performance. After getting the optimal position of the object in images, we try to rearrange all the objects. Instead of picking the object out and pasting it on the suggested place, we propose an improved seam carving approach to change the relative positions of the objects in the image, which is able to move the object to a better place. We adopt the energy function to measure the saliency of each pixel and then find out the seams that should be cut off and inserted. After cutting off unimportant seams by pixel-removing and inserting seams by inpainting, we are able to maintain the resolution of the image as well as enhance the aesthetics in composition. In order to test the effectiveness of our method, we compare the performance of our approach with other state-of-the-art techniques, which well illustrates the satisfying performance of our method.     

Preferential Image Segmentation Using Trees of Shapes

A novel preferential image segmentation method is proposed that performs image segmentation and object recognition using mathematical morphologies. The method preferentially segments objects that have intensities and boundaries similar to those of objects in a database of prior images. A tree of shapes is utilized to represent the content distributions in images, and curve matching is applied to compare the boundaries. The algorithm is invariant to contrast change and similarity transformations of translation, rotation and scale. A performance evaluation of the proposed method using a large image dataset is provided. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is promising for applications such as object segmentation and video tracking with cluttered backgrounds.      

Identification of inpainted images and natural images for digital forensics

Image forensics is a form of image analysis for finding out the condition of an image in the complete absence of any digital watermark or signature.It can be used to authenticate digital images and identify their sources.While the technology of exemplar-based inpainting provides an approach to remove objects from an image and play visual tricks.In this paper,as a first attempt,a method based on zero-connectivity feature and fuzzy membership is proposed to discriminate natural images from inpainted images.Firstly,zero-connectivity labeling is applied on block pairs to yield matching degree feature of all blocks in the region of suspicious,then the fuzzy memberships are computed and the tampered regions are identified by a cut set.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in detecting inpainted images.     

A new approach for nonlinear distortion correction in endoscopicimages based on least squares estimation

Images captured with a typical endoscope show spatial distortion, which necessitates distortion correction for subsequent analysis. In this paper, a new methodology based on least squares estimation is proposed to correct the nonlinear distortion in the endoscopic images. A mathematical model based on polynomial mapping is used to map the images from distorted image space onto the corrected image space. The model parameters include the polynomial coefficients, distortion center, and corrected center. The proposed method utilizes a line search approach of global convergence for the iterative procedure to obtain the optimum expansion coefficients. A new technique to find the distortion center of the image based on curvature criterion is presented. A dual-step approach comprising token matching and integrated neighborhood search is also proposed for accurate extraction of the centers of the dots contained in a rectangular grid, used for the model parameter estimation. The model parameters were verified with different grid patterns. The distortion-correction model is applied to several gastrointestinal images and the results are presented. The proposed technique provides high-speed response and forms a key step toward online camera calibration, which is required for accurate quantitative analysis of the images.     

Salient edge and region aware image retargeting

The purpose of image retargeting is to automatically adapt a given image to fit the size of various displays without introducing severe visual distortions. The seam carving method can effectively achieve this task and it needs to define image importance to detect the salient context of images. In this paper we present a new image importance map and a new seam criterion for image retargeting. We first decompose an image into a cartoon and a texture part. The higher order statistics (HOS) on the cartoon part provide reliable salient edges. We construct a salient object window and a distance dependent weight to modify the HOS. The weighted HOS effectively protects salient objects from distortion by seam carving. We also propose a new seam criterion which tends to spread seam uniformly in nonsallient regions and helps to preserve large scale geometric structures. We call our method salient edge and region aware image retargeting (SERAR). We evaluate our method visually, and compare the results with related methods. Our method performs well in retargeting images with cluttered backgrounds and in preserving large scale structures.     

从移动背景红外序列图像中检测运动目标

该文提出了一种从背景移动红外图像中自动检测运动目标的算法。该算法首先采用图像灰度互相关度量的匹配算法对连续的6帧序列进行配准,用第1帧和第4帧配准,第2帧和第5帧配准,第3帧和第6帧配准,然后用配准后的图像对分别做差分运算,再将3个差分图像按像素相乘,在运动目标处得到了非常尖锐的相关峰。这为进一步自动跟踪目标提供了一个跟踪窗口的中心点。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

图像几何校正控制点的自动确定方法

依据图像几何校正的一般思路，提出了一种有效控制点（CP）自动确定方法，首先定义了基准控制点（RCP）及畸变控制点（DCP）的概念，设计了一种基于图像方差的检测模板，提出了相应的检测准则及搜索方案，然后在畸变图像中利用归一化积相关图像匹配算法实现了基准控制点相对应的畸变控制点的精确定位，并给出了方法的算法流程，最后，以几何旋转畸变图像为例进行仿真实验，准确辨识出了畸变模型的参数，验证了方法的可行性有效性。