烷基胍表面活性剂杀菌剂的研究进展

介绍了烷基胍表面活性剂杀菌剂的杀菌机理、合成方法及几种主要的烷基胍表面活性剂杀菌剂,并展望了烷基胍表面活性剂的发展趋势。     

超级胍胶增稠剂的实验研究

超级胍胶是一种应用最先进的工艺精细生产加工的天然胍胶增稠剂,为了更好的发挥超级胍胶的性能,对其高分子结构进行了表征、对其分子量进行了测定,同时,表征了超级胍胶高分子溶液网络结构,并阐述了分子结构的特点及其对压裂液性能的影响。通过优选低水不溶物含量、低使用浓度的新型压裂液增稠剂超级胍胶,可有效降低压裂液残渣含量,减小对储层渗透率及裂缝导流能力的伤害。     

5-(3-氨基呋咱-4-基)-1-羟基四唑胍盐的合成及性能研究

以丙二腈为原料,高收率合成了5-(3-氨基呋咱-4-基)-1-羟基四唑(1)的胍盐(2)、二氨基胍(3)以及联胍盐(4).采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析、热分析等对其结构进行了表征;培养了2和3的单晶,并采用X射线单晶衍射测试了其晶体结构;通过落锤法和摩擦感度仪测试了3种胍盐的撞击感度和摩擦感度;采用DSC研究了3种胍盐的热分解过程.结果表明,3种胍盐的撞击感度均大于24J,摩擦感度均大于360N,分解点介于266~277℃,显示出良好的热稳定性.     

工业水处理用有机胍杀菌剂研究进展

有机胍作为消毒剂和农药杀菌剂等已被广泛应用,虽然在工业水处理中的应用则很少报道,但却具有非常诱人的前景。文章介绍了常见有机胍类杀菌剂的分类、杀菌机理及几种常用有机胍类杀菌剂的合成方法和原理,以及其在水处理领域中的应用情况,并对有机胍在工业水处理中的应用前景进行了展望。     

低分子量双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖的制备及表征

在简单均相体系下,研究了壳聚糖及双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖在双氧水中的降解特性。采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测量了降解过程中壳聚糖及双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖的分子量变化,讨论了该体系下双胍基苯甲酰低聚壳聚糖及双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖的胍基化取代度的变化,通过红外光谱分析了低分子量双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖结构。结果表明,在降解反应温度为65℃、H2O2质量百分浓度为3.0%、盐酸浓度为1.0%时,反应时间的延长会导致低聚壳聚糖或对双胍基苯甲酰壳聚糖低分子化产物相对分子量的逐渐降低,胍基化取代度也随之降低;红外光谱表明,采用该降解体系制备的降解产物主链结构基本没有发生变化。     

姜黄素与双胍衍生物的合成及性质研究

分别以三种芳胺和三种杂环胺合成六种盐酸盐,再与双氰胺反应合成六种双胍类盐酸盐,最后将姜黄素与六种双胍类衍生物进行反应,最终合成六种姜黄素双胍类衍生物。通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR对其结构进行了表征,初步证明合成了目标产物;利用循环伏安方法对目标产物进行了电化学性质研究,考察了在酸性条件下不同扫描速率下目标产物氧化还原峰位置的变化,表明反应过程受电极/溶液界面间的吸附控制。对目标产物进行了金黄色葡糖糖球菌的抑菌活性的研究,结果表明目标产物均有很好的抑菌效果。     

胍胶降阻特性及机理研究

以胍胶为降阻剂,考察了使用浓度、流动状态、离子类型及粘度对降阻性能的影响,采用FENE-P模型模拟及中、低雷诺数实验分析降阻机理。结果表明,胍胶浓度为1 000～3 000 mg/L时降阻效果最佳,溶液粘度是影响胍胶降阻性能的主要因素;一定浓度范围内符合Virk有效滑移假说;胍胶主要在层流湍流过渡区通过抑制涡流产生与发展过程实现降阻作用;近壁结构受静电吸附作用影响,阳离子型胍胶降阻效果优于其他离子类型胍胶。     

以双氰胺为原料制备氨基胍碳酸盐

氨基胍碳酸盐是一种重要的合成化工原料,目前应用的氨基胍碳酸盐的合成工艺主要有肼化、肼解和还原。本文主要探究的是应用锌粉和铁粉做还原剂将硝基胍还原为氨基胍。但首先要以双氰胺与硝酸铵为原料反应获得硝酸胍,再用浓硫酸处理硝酸胍得到硝基胍,最后通过还原将硝基胍还原为氨基胍,并对产物进行了表征,探讨了不同的还原方法对产率造成影响的原因。     

胍胶降阻特性及机理研究

以胍胶为降阻剂,考察了使用浓度、流动状态、离子类型及粘度对降阻性能的影响,采用FENE-P模型模拟及中、低雷诺数实验分析降阻机理。结果表明,胍胶浓度为1 000～3 000 mg/L时降阻效果最佳,溶液粘度是影响胍胶降阻性能的主要因素;一定浓度范围内符合Virk有效滑移假说;胍胶主要在层流湍流过渡区通过抑制涡流产生与发展过程实现降阻作用;近壁结构受静电吸附作用影响,阳离子型胍胶降阻效果优于其他离子类型胍胶。     

聚合物接枝胍基取代基构筑荷正电荷导电膜

本研究以自制双胍化壳聚糖(CGH)为原料,通过加入胍的乙醇溶液,引入具备交联功能的戊二醛(GA)。通过改变加入胍基的用量对原料进行交联改性来制备出电导率较高的阴离子交换膜,并对膜的电导率,含水率,溶胀度,离子交换量和机械性能等性能进行测试,考察胍含量对膜性能的影响。同时,利用红外对膜进行结构表征。结果表明,膜中胍含量的增加对于提高膜电导率、离子交换量(IEC)和含水率具有明显作用。     

山梨醇类成核剂对改性聚丙烯发泡性能的影响

以过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,经熔融挤出过程将苯乙烯（St）接枝到等规聚丙烯（iPP）上,同时加入山梨醇类成核剂［1,3:2,4二（对甲基卞叉）山梨醇,MDBS］,制备可发泡的iPP,并考查MDBS在其发泡过程中所起的作用。结果发现,St接枝到iPP上,降低了iPP的熔体流动速率,即提高了其熔体强度;在发泡过程中,MDBS起固定泡孔和泡孔成核的作用,使iPP泡沫具有规则完整的泡孔结构,且泡孔密度从纯iPP的1.1×10^7个/cm3增加到1.2×10^8个/cm3,适宜发泡温度范围拓宽至150~160 ℃。     

The nucleation effect of N,N′-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazides on crystallization of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid)

Five N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazides were synthesized from benzoyl hydrazine and alkyl diacyl dichloride which were derived from alkyl diacid via acylation. PLLA/N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide samples were prepared by melt blending and hot-press forming process. The nucleation effect of N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide on crystallization of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vicat softening analysis. The results showed that five N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazides acted as powerful nucleating agent for PLLA; with incorporation of N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide, the crystallization peak became sharper and shifted to higher temperature as the degree of supercooling decreased at a cooling rate of 1?°C/min from melt. The nucleation activities of five N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazides were quantitatively determined. It is shown that N,N??-bis(benzoyl) suberic acid dihydrazide has higher nucleating activity than the other N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazides. In the presence of N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide, the melting behavior of PLLA is affected significantly. In addition, the thermal stability of PLLA/0.8?% N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide is tested and reported. Compared to the neat PLLA, the onset degradation temperature of PLLA/0.8?% N,N??-bis(benzoyl) alkyl diacid dihydrazide samples has been decreased significantly.     

苯甲酰异氰酸酯合成路线及反应条件研究

综述了苯甲酰异氰酸酯的合成路线 ,并探讨了利用苯甲酰胺与草酰氯制备苯甲酰异氰酸酯的最佳反应条件。     

光稳定剂二苯甲酮合成新工艺研究

以苯甲酰氯、三氯化苄和苯为原料合成二苯甲酮,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量、溶剂的用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成二苯甲酮的最适宜的工艺条件是:反应温度120℃、反应时间12 h、n(苯甲酰氯)∶n(苯)=1∶1.7,n(苯甲酰氯)∶n(三氯化苄)=7.35∶1,催化剂用量为4.25 g(相对于0.588 mol苯甲酰氯),二苯甲酮的收率可达到94.54%以上,产品纯度二苯甲酮99.5%。     

新型具有含硫肟醚基的苯甲酰脲类化合物的合成及其杀虫活性研究

通过含硫不饱和肟醚与2，6-二氟苯甲酰异酯反应，合成了9个新的具有含硫肟醚基的苯甲酰脲类化合物，其结构均经^1HNMR、IR、LC／MS及元素分析确证，检测结果表明部分化合物表现出很高的杀虫活性。     

Adhesion properties of benzoyl peroxide crosslinked epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 25)‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives

Adhesion properties of crosslinked (epoxidized natural rubber)‐based adhesives were studied by using coumarone‐indene, benzoyl peroxide, and toluene as tackifying resin, crosslinking agent, and solvent, respectively. The adhesion properties were measured by a Lloyd Adhesion Tester operating at 30 cm min^?1. Results show that loop tackiness and peel strength pass through a maximum value at 1 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin) of benzoyl peroxide concentration, an observation that is attributed to the optimum crosslinking of epoxidized natural rubber whereby optimum cohesive and adhesive strength are obtained. However, shear strength increases with increasing benzoyl peroxide concentration wherein the higher rate of increase is observed between 0 and 1 phr of benzoyl peroxide content. This observation is associated with the steady increase in cohesive strength as crosslinking is increased. In all cases, the adhesion properties of adhesives increased with increasing coating thickness. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:8–12, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

槲皮素苯甲酸酯的合成与表征

以槲皮素为原料、浓硫酸作催化剂,85℃与苯甲酰氯反应,TLC板监测反应完毕,过滤、氯仿/甲醇重结晶合成标题化合物。UV表征显示,槲皮素的两个特征吸收峰均发生蓝移,这是形成新化合物共轭体系引起的。IR中ν—OH峰明显减弱,说明槲皮素的5个羟基中有的羟基发生了反应;νCO位于1 745.32 cm-1,酯羰基峰明显增强;νC—O位于1 259.66cm-1,峰变宽增强。1HNMR中3-OH、3'-OH、4'-OH上面的氢消失,说明与苯甲酰氯发生了酯化反应;同时,在δ6.7~8.4处有苯甲酰基的多重峰。MS中m/z 615.2为槲皮素三苯甲酸酯的分子离子峰。因此,槲皮素与苯甲酰氯反应可以得到标题化合物。     

苯基生色团修饰壳聚糖甲酸溶液中手性研究

在甲基磺酸体系中,分别将苯甲酰氯、对氯苯甲酰氯与壳聚糖反应,制备了具有发色团的苯甲酰化壳聚糖和对氯苯甲酰化壳聚糖。紫外光谱表征表明产物具有目标产物的结构特征。苯甲酰化壳聚糖、对氯苯甲酰化壳聚糖分别在254 nm和258 nm处具有苯基特征吸收峰。温度25℃,在质量浓度为250 mg/L时,苯甲酰化壳聚糖和对氯苯甲酰化壳聚糖甲酸溶液的圆二色谱信号均出现以苯基相应紫外吸收最大波长为中心的耦合裂峰（一个正峰和一个负峰）,表明发色团在壳聚糖螺旋链有序规则排列,壳聚糖分子链为左旋构象。对氯苯甲酰基发色团更适合测量甲酸溶液中壳聚糖构象特性。苯甲酰化壳聚糖和对氯苯甲酰化壳聚糖分子链构象受温度影响。     

Adsorption of benzoyl peroxide on activated carbon

The kinetics of adsorption of benzoyl peroxide from solutions in ethanol and n-hexane on coconut shell activated carbon was studied. It was found that the kinetics of adsorption of benzoyl peroxide is described by a pseudo-first-order rate equation. The adsorption isotherm of benzoyl peroxide at its equilibrium concentrations from 0.07 to 1.25 g/L in solution is adequately described by the Langmuir equation. It was established that, in a solution in ethyl alcohol, the degradation of benzoyl peroxide with the formation of ethyl benzoate occurred along with adsorption.     

STUDY OF THE REACTION OF GLYCINE AND BENZOYL CHLORIDE UNDER INVERSE PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS

This study examined the feasibility of reacting benzoyl chloride (PhCOCl) and sodium glycinate (H₂NCH₂COOH) catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in an alkaline (NaOH) aqueous solution/dichloromethane two-phase medium. This catalyzed reaction of benzoyl chloride and sodium glycinate was described by a pseudo-first-order rate law. The hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride in the two*phase reaction was neglected on the specified reaction conditions. In addition, the effects of operating conditions on the conversion of benzoyl chloride and the reaction rate. According to those results, the reaction rate decreases with an increasing concentration of benzoyl chloride, which contradicts the general rate law of reaction kinetics, This peculiar phenomenon could be accounted for altering the interfacial property due to the change of the chemical property of reactants and intermediate, and the interaction between reactants and intermediate which was transferred from organic phase to aqueous phase.