玻璃陶瓷与高速钢表面摩擦磨损的试验研究

在盘销式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了氟金云母玻璃陶瓷与高速钢的摩擦磨损性能,在不同载荷条件下,测试了摩擦因数和玻璃陶瓷的磨损率,用金相显微镜观察和分析磨损表面形貌,并探讨了玻璃陶瓷材料的磨损机理.结果表明:在低载荷条件下,摩擦因数较低;随着载荷的增加,摩擦因数逐渐增加且趋于稳定,氟金云母玻璃陶瓷与高速钢的平均摩擦因数为0.088;玻璃陶瓷和高速钢的磨损率存在波动;玻璃陶瓷和高速钢的对磨过程以磨料磨损为主.     

接触压力对碳滑板/铜接触线载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

控制电流为250 A,滑动速度为160 km/h,在接触压力50,70,90,110,130 N下,在环-块式载流摩擦磨损试验设备上进行接触压力对碳滑板/铜接触线载流摩擦磨损性能的影响试验,用光学显微镜对滑块的磨损形貌进行观察.结果表明:随着接触压力的减小,滑块的磨损形貌由以较光滑磨损面为主过渡到以受电弧飞溅影响磨损面和多麻坑磨损面为主,主要磨损形式由磨粒磨损过渡到电弧烧蚀磨损,摩擦因数的过渡阶段逐渐明显,稳定阶段的摩擦因数逐渐增大;碳滑板的磨损率随着试验的进行进入稳定期,稳定期磨损率随着接触压力的增加先减小后增加,呈“U”形分布;接触压力的增加可以降低电弧功率和离线率;从碳滑板的磨损率和载流稳定性综合考虑,90 N为最佳接触压力.     

玻璃陶瓷材料与轴承钢表面摩擦磨损的试验研究

在盘销式摩擦磨损试验机上考察了氟金云母玻璃陶瓷与轴承钢的摩擦磨损性能,在不同载荷条件下,测试了摩擦因数和玻璃陶瓷的磨损率,用金相显微镜观察和分析磨损表面形貌,并探讨了玻璃陶瓷材料的磨损机制。结果表明：在低载荷条件下,摩擦因数较低;随着载荷的增加,摩擦副的摩擦因数比较稳定,氟金云母玻璃陶瓷与轴承钢的平均摩擦因数为0.095。玻璃陶瓷和轴承钢的磨损率存在波动,其对磨过程以磨料磨损为主。     

磁场条件下钢轨材料的摩擦磨损性能试验研究

基于HSR-2M高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,试验研究在永磁体磁场条件下,法向载荷、往复速度等参数对钢轨材料摩擦性能的影响,通过磨痕形貌分析其磨损机制,并与无磁场条件下的结果进行对比。试验结果表明:磁场的引入可以在一定程度上减小钢轨材料的摩擦因数、磨损率;增大滑动速度对摩擦因数和磨损率均有减小作用,增大载荷能够降低摩擦因数,但磨损率增加;磁场能够提高钢轨材料在摩擦过程中的磨损性能。无磁场时,钢轨材料磨损形式为典型的磨粒磨损,摩擦系统的磨损率和摩擦因数较大;有磁场时,磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,摩擦因数和磨损率较小。     

γ射线辐照前后高强石墨的摩擦学行为及其磨损机制

将硬度和强度不同的两种高强石墨进行γ射线辐照,将辐照前后的石墨与SA 508钢组成摩擦副进行摩擦试验,研究了载荷和润滑条件对高强石墨摩擦学行为的影响,并基于磨损形貌分析了磨损机制。结果表明:硬度、抗压强度较低的高强石墨在低载荷下干摩擦时的摩擦因数小,摩擦稳定;硬度、抗压强度较高的高强石墨在中等载荷下干摩擦时的摩擦因数小,摩擦稳定;在湿摩擦条件下,硬度、抗压强度较低的石墨在低载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损量均较小,在较高载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损量均较大;经大剂量γ射线辐照后,高强石墨的硬度、抗压强度、抗折强度和摩擦学性能基本不变;高强石墨在干摩擦条件下的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,伴有疲劳磨损,在湿摩擦条件下的磨损机制以磨粒磨损和冲刷磨损为主。     

铜合金镶嵌石墨材料的摩擦磨损性能

将硬度和强度不同的2种石墨分别镶嵌于Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金基体上,然后将Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金镶嵌石墨材料与05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb沉淀硬化不锈钢组成摩擦副,研究了不同载荷(490,980,1470N)和润滑条件(干摩擦与湿摩擦)下该材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:干摩擦条件下该材料的摩擦因数随载荷的增大基本呈增大趋势,且镶嵌较高硬度和强度石墨时材料的干摩擦因数小于镶嵌较低硬度和强度石墨时材料的;湿摩擦条件下,镶嵌较高硬度和强度时石墨材料的摩擦因数随载荷的增大而增大,且与干摩擦条件下的相当;随着载荷的增大,在干摩擦和湿摩擦条件下的磨损量均呈增大趋势;干摩擦条件下石墨的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,并伴有疲劳磨损,而湿摩擦条件下的磨损机制以磨粒磨损和冲刷磨损为主.     

多绳摩擦提升机树脂基摩擦衬垫的摩擦学行为

采用CFT往复摩擦磨损试验机研究多绳摩擦提升机树脂基摩擦衬垫在干摩擦条件及不同载荷和滑动速度下摩擦因数的变化规律,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对摩擦衬垫试样的磨损形貌进行观察分析。试验结果表明：不同树脂基摩擦衬垫摩擦因数变化规律具有一致性,即摩擦因数随载荷与滑动速度的增加而减小;由于摩擦衬垫的成分不同,其摩擦因数的主要影响因素不同;磨损形式也由于材料的不同出现黏着磨损、疲劳磨损以及热磨损;载荷对摩擦衬垫磨损的影响比滑动速度更显著。     

永磁场条件下45钢与GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能试验研究

基于HSR-2M高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,研究在永磁体磁场条件下滑动速度、载荷等参数对45#钢/GCr15钢摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响,通过磨痕形貌分析其磨损机制,并与无磁场条件下的试验结果进行对比。试验结果表明:磁场的引入可以在一定程度上减小摩擦因数和降低磨损率,证明磁场能够改善45#钢/GCr15钢摩擦副的摩擦学性能;增大滑动速度将降低摩擦因数和磨损率,增大载荷将降低摩擦因数,增加磨损率。无磁场时,摩擦副的摩擦磨损为典型的磨粒磨损,磨损系统的磨损率和摩擦因数较大;有磁场时,磨损形式主要为黏着磨损,摩擦因数和磨损率较小。     

高载荷条件下石墨-石墨摩擦副的摩擦学特性研究

利用研制的高载荷条件下摩擦因数测试装置,研究了石墨/石墨摩擦副在空气、水和油介质中的摩擦学特性。结果表明在4~15MPa范围内,随着载荷的增加,摩擦副在空气、水和油介质中的摩擦因数都逐渐降低;在油介质中摩擦副的摩擦因数最小,在水介质中摩擦因数变化最平稳,在空气中摩擦因数最大,且随载荷的增加变化幅度最大。磨损表面原始形貌对比分析表明,在空气中,摩擦副表面处于边界润滑状态,主要磨损机制是粘着磨损和犁削;水润滑条件下为轻微犁削;油润滑条件下,摩擦副表面处于为边界润滑和流体润滑状态,油中的减摩剂对试样表面有抛光作用。     

水介质润滑下车轮钢磨损机制研究

利用往复滚动试验装置,研究了水介质作用下车轮钢的往复滚动摩擦磨损机制.结果表明:接触界面存在水介质条件下的车轮钢摩擦因数明显低于干态工况下的摩擦因数;水介质润滑条件下车轮钢磨损以磨粒磨损为主,水介质的存在减小了车轮钢表面的磨损,同时减轻了车轮钢表面的剥离损伤.     

填料对超高分子量聚乙烯摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

用MPV－200型摩擦磨损试验机和腐蚀磨损试验机,研究了MoS2,PTEF,石墨,玻璃纤维,碳纤维等填料对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMW－PE）摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明：填充MoS2,PTFE,石墨可降低UHMW－PE的摩擦系数;而添加玻璃纤维则增大了UHMW－PE的摩擦系数,添加碳纤维对UHMW－PE的摩擦系数几乎无影响,同时,添加填料可使UHMW－PE的耐磨性显提高,其中石煌减摩抗磨效果最佳,超高分子量聚乙烯基体的和石墨填料的构成的复合材料,同超高分子量乙烯相比,不仅耐磨性大幅度提高,而且磨擦系数大大降低。     

The effect of texture shape on the friction coefficient and stiffness of gas-lubricated parallel slider bearings

Surface texturing is used to increase hydrodynamic pressure and reduce friction and wear between gas-lubricated parallel sliding surfaces in a variety of applications. The shape, geometry, and density of the patterned microtexture features (“dimples”) play a key role in the tribological performance of textured slider bearings. In this paper we evaluate the friction coefficient and stiffness of gas-lubricated textured parallel slider bearings as a function of six different texture shapes. The texture geometry and density are optimized in terms of minimum friction coefficient and maximum bearing stiffness for each individual texture shape, and then compared relative to each other. The ellipsoidal shape is found to yield the minimum friction coefficient and the highest bearing stiffness, independent of the operating conditions.     

Tribology of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene disks molded at different temperatures

Tribological characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) disks molded at 130–190 °C were studied. The highest crystallinity was obtained for the sheet molded at 130 °C, but crystallinity decreased with increasing molding temperature. Beyond 150 °C, the resultant crystallinity reached a constant level. The dynamic friction coefficients of these UHMW-PE disks were measured using a ball-on-disk friction tester. The friction coefficient decreased with increasing number of rotations in the early stage of the measurement, and achieved at an equilibrium level, independent of the molding temperature. The steady-state friction coefficient was 0.04 for the disk molded at 130 °C and increased with increasing molding temperature. The disks molded at 150–190 °C always had a steady-state friction coefficient of 0.065. The surface deformation of each disk was evaluated from the observation of the resultant wear track. Analyzing the relationship between the above friction coefficient and width of the wear track enabled us to interpret the tribological mechanism generated in this study.     

不同润滑条件对塑料合金轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

用MPV 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机对超高分子量聚乙烯 (UHMW PE)塑料合金轴承在水润滑介质不同含沙量的条件下进行了摩擦学性能测定 ,分别考察了载荷、速度以及运行时间等对合金轴承摩擦学性能的影响。为水润滑合金轴承的实际应用提供理论指导。     

基于摩擦学带沟槽滑块的摩擦系数试验研究

根据摩擦学原理,针对往复式滑块运动特点,设计了一种带沟槽滑块,并进行了理论计算,得出了油膜厚度方程和油膜压力方程。通过对其摩擦系数试验研究,表明该结构能够使滑块在运动过程中得到良好的润滑,在一定程度上解决了摩擦副之间的摩擦、磨损问题。     

Experimental and theoretical evaluation of friction at contacting magnetic storage slider–disk interfaces

To understand better the friction force and wear processes at contacting slider–disk interfaces, we have developed an experimental method for measuring and a theoretical method for calculating the friction force. For this study, a slider with a 1500 μm² contact pad located at the recording head is burnished against a relatively rough disk (～12 Å rms), which ensures smooth sliding. In the experimental method, the friction force is measured as the disk is spun-down to bring the slider–disk interface into an increasing degree of contact. A modified air bearing code is used to determine the experimental normal contact force for each friction measurement. In the theoretical method, the friction force and other relevant interfacial forces are calculated using an improved sub-boundary lubrication (ISBL) rough surface model. The friction force calculation in this model is based on the force needed to induce yielding of the individual disk asperities contacting the flat surface of the contact pad without any assumption of the coefficient of friction. Good agreement is found between the measured and theoretical friction vs. normal contact force curves, indicating that the model is capturing the essential origins of friction at this interface. The model also provides valuable insights into how wear particles may be generated at this contacting slider–disk interface.     

Refined simulation of friction power loss in crank shaft slider bearings considering wear in the mixed lubrication regime

Friction reduction is a fundamental factor in decreasing fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. During the design stage of the engine the simulation of friction in the crank mechanism plays a vital role to develop optimum solutions. Due to the interaction of oil and elastic structures with rough surfaces in slider bearings, complex simulation models have to be used for representing the relevant physical behavior. The following article is focused on crank shaft slider bearings of large engines.The article describes a procedure evaluated by measurements showing how to model wear profiles of slider bearings to reach a high quality friction forecast. A fundamental influencing factor of bearing friction is given by the mixed lubrication regime and it is considered in the simulation model as part of asperity contact friction and hydrodynamic friction. Further effects result from the compliance in radial and width directions of the bearing structure and the wear of the bearing surface. Furthermore, the specific operating conditions of the slider bearing such as load, temperature, shaft speed and oil characteristics are essential and have to be taken into account.The objective of this investigation is to propose the wear profile of the bearing surface for the simulation model to be treated iteratively, where simulation results for the amount of mixed lubrication are successively assessed. For this purpose an iterative procedure is introduced and validated by measurements on a slider bearing test rig.The applied simulation method is based on elastic multi-body systems; the lubrication film contact is calculated based on Reynolds differential equation via the pressure balance calculated iteratively in the time domain. The model accounting for the mixed lubrication regime is based on the theory of Greenwood and Tripp.     

粉末冶金受电弓滑板材料的设计及其性能研究

根据受电弓滑板的工况条件，设计了摩擦磨损性能较佳的受电弓滑板材料。分析了烧结温度和烧结保温时间对压坯密度的影响。该材料的冲击韧度、抗拉强度、硬度、电阻率和密度等指标都能满足相关标准的要求；在室温干摩擦条件下，其抗磨损性优于其他同类产品。     

The effects of texture height and thickness of amorphous carbon nitride coating of a hard disk slider on the friction and wear of the slider against a disk

In order to minimize the stiction force caused by contact of the extremely smooth surfaces of head sliders and disks in hard disk drives, texture is usually applied on the disk surface. For future contact/near-contact recording, the stiction-induced high friction between slider and disk will become a problem. Texture on the slider/disk interface will still be an expected method to reduce friction. Recently, it was suggested to texture the slider surface. A protective coating is usually required on the textured slider surface to reduce wear of the texture. The results showed that texture on the slider surface was effective in reducing the friction between head sliders and disks. On the other hand, the texture and coating on the slider surface increase the spacing between the read/write element and the magnetic layer of the disk. The necessary and effective texture height and coating thickness are still not clear. In the present research, island-type textures with different heights (3–18 mn) were formed on slider surfaces by ion-beam etching. Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN_x) coatings of different thicknesses (0–50 nm) were coated on the textured slider surfaces as a protective overcoat. The friction and wear properties of these sliders were evaluated by constant-speed drag tests against hard disks coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC). The results show that 2 nm texture on a slider surface is sufficient for low (0.3–0.5) and stable friction of the slider against the disk in a drag test, and coatings thicker than 5 nm show similar wear resistances of the texture on slider surfaces.     

Wear durability studies of ultra-thin perfluoropolyether lubricant on magnetic hard disks

This paper presents wear and friction studies on ultra-thin (~2 nm) film of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) coated on glass substrate magnetic hard disks. The lubricant was coated on the disk by the dip-coating method and the tribological tests were carried out by sliding a 3 mm diameter glass ball slider (normal load=20 mN) on the rotating disk surface. Lube thickness and lube wear profile were measured using an ellipsometer whereas the worn disk surface was studied using a surface reflectivity analyzer. The sliding speed and the lube bonding conditions were varied during the test. From the results, it is concluded that about 80% bonding of the lube to the disk surface leads to an increase in the wear durability of the lubricant by a factor of 2 when compared to the as-lubed condition. Lube bonding has an effect on increasing the coefficient of friction. Initially, increasing sliding speed increases both friction and wear but for very high sliding speed these values tend to decrease. The glass ball surface showed wear due to asperity interactions as well as lube transfer from the disk to the glass surface.