基于计算流体动力学的两栖车辆水动力特性数值计算

应用计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)理论,建立某型两栖车模型带自由表面粘性绕流场的数学模型,阐述求解的数值计算方法.采用RNG κ-ε湍流模型、流体体积法(volume of fluid,VOF)和压力隐式算子分割(Pressure implicit with splitting ofoperators,PISO)算法,运用FLUENT软件对车体绕流场进行三维瞬态数值计算,得到绕流场的速度与压力分布、阻力和兴波特性,并结合相关试验数据验证了数值方法的正确性,解决了以往由于忽略兴波特性导致数值计算结果随航速提高误差不断增大的问题.在此基础上,对该两栖车外形提出了优化方案,计算分析车体首、尾端切角及车轮不同收、放状态对绕流场的影响.计算结果表明,两栖车改进后的水动力性能有了较大改善,航速10 km/h时,减阻效果可达原车总阻力的51.2%,为减阻提速的研究提供了一定的参考.     

两栖车辆车轮收起前后阻力对比并行计算分析

为了分析两栖车辆车轮收起前后粘性阻力的变化,利用流体动力学进行仿真分析。在前处理器Gambit中建立两栖车辆的物理模型,结合计算速度和计算精度,对流场采用分区网格划分。利用流体体积函数(VOF)多相流模型、k-ε两方程湍流模型,对车轮收起前后的两栖车辆的粘性绕流场进行了数值模拟。为了提高计算速度,数值模拟采用了并行算法。仿真结果表明:车轮收起后,粘压阻力可减小33%,从而证明收起车轮可减小两栖车辆在水中航行时的阻力。     

基于CFD的微型水上无人机起飞性能优化设计

水上无人机作为一种特殊的飞行器,其起飞滑行阶段阻力性能研究非常重要。针对水上无人机机腹部分形状,提出一种基于计算流体力学软件的微型水上无人机跨介质阻力数值模拟方法。使用流体体积两相流模型方法,分别对微型水上无人机浮体及其附属物进行周围流场的数值模拟。采用Bezier曲线拟合机腹形状,使用二分法寻求飞机受阻力最小时机腹最低点相对于吃水线的位置,以减小阻力。结果表明,机腹最低点相对于吃水线的最佳位置可使微型水上无人机受到更小的阻力,较实验中最大阻力减小17.44%。     

基于CFD的两栖装甲车辆航行阻力数值分析

为了在概念设计阶段评价两栖装甲车辆的水上性能,运用Ftuem软件,基于计算流体力学理论,对两栖装甲车辆航行阻力进行了数值计算分析,并对仿真结果和试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,模拟和试验结果基本吻合,从而论证了数值分析方法研究两栖装甲车辆航行阻力的可行性。     

基于 Fluent 的球柱式结构绕流数值模拟

应用计算流体力学软件Fluent ,采用分块网格划分,选择层流模型和不可压缩的N -S方程,对低雷诺数下不同流速的球柱模型黏性绕流场进行仿真计算。结果表明：圆柱杆与来流方向的绝对倾角越大,对圆球绕流场的影响越大,圆球表面的受力越不对称。建立了模型圆球表面所受作用力与来流速度、流向间的关系曲线,说明来流速度越大,圆球表面所受阻力越大;带有较细的圆柱杆的模型使其圆球表面受力发生了微小变化;圆柱杆的摆放位置对圆球表面受力影响不大。圆柱杆在 XZ平面内与X轴正向夹角θ越小,圆球表面受到的阻力就越小,更接近单个圆球绕流场。     

基于Fluent的球柱式结构绕流数值模拟

应用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用分块网格划分,选择层流模型和不可压缩的N-S方程,对低雷诺数下不同流速的球柱模型黏性绕流场进行仿真计算。结果表明:圆柱杆与来流方向的绝对倾角越大,对圆球绕流场的影响越大,圆球表面的受力越不对称。建立了模型圆球表面所受作用力与来流速度、流向间的关系曲线,说明来流速度越大,圆球表面所受阻力越大;带有较细的圆柱杆的模型使其圆球表面受力发生了微小变化;圆柱杆的摆放位置对圆球表面受力影响不大。圆柱杆在XZ平面内与X轴正向夹角θ越小,圆球表面受到的阻力就越小,更接近单个圆球绕流场。     

喷水推进系统在两栖战斗车辆上的研究与应用

经对美国先进两栖突击车（AAAV）水上航速的分析,提出了两栖车辆喷水推进理论的研究,主要目的是使新型两栖战斗车辆能在水上航速有大的提高。     

静水环境船模自航试验数值模拟分析

船舶在静水环境中的快速性研究需要对主船体静水阻力、螺旋桨敞水特性、船体航行姿态等进行综合分析，船模自航试验是研究船舶快速性的重要手段。基于计算流体力学（CFD）方法，对船舶自航试验开展数值模拟与分析，采用体积力模型计算了某螺旋桨敞水特性曲线，计算了某船模型在静水中的自航性能。通过数值模拟，得到了螺旋桨推力系数、螺旋桨扭矩系数等自航参数以及船体阻力、姿态等，分析了船体模型在不同航行状态下的船体快速性。     

蒸汽发生器传热管流致振动的数值研究

基于计算流体力学和计算结构动力学,同时考虑流体-结构两个物理场之间的相互作用,利用有限体积法及LES方法离散非稳态、粘性、不可压缩湍流流场的N-S方程,用有限元方法离散结构动力学方程,结合动网格控制技术,建立了横向流体作用下传热管流致振动计算的三维仿真模型。基于建立的模型,首先得到了横流作用下传热管的振动响应,并与已有的实验数据比较,证明了模型的合理性;其次,研究了来流速度和频率比对传热管流致振动特性与流场结构的影响。     

无动量亏损尾迹三维数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件,对粘性不可压缩流体的平板翼型绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用有限体积法计算程式,求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,模拟平板翼型在尾缘有无吹气时的流动情况,得到了平板翼型尾迹的传播特性。并使用四种常用湍流模型在相同的网格条件下进行数值模拟,模拟结果与相应的试验数据对比,分析各种湍流模型对带尾缘吹气的三维模型数值模拟结果的影响,得出了不同湍流模型对带尾缘吹气的模型的适用性以及精度的评估性结论。数值模拟的结果表明SST湍流模拟对模拟尾迹区流动具有很好的适应性,预测得到的轴向速度分布、尾迹特征长度变化以及流动相似性和试验结果进行了对比,和试验结果吻合较好。     

复合式电磁悬挂系统馈能特性分析

为有效回收车辆悬挂振动能量,对馈能影响因素及相互间的关系进行分析。建立复合式电磁悬挂系统(composite electrical-magnetic suspension system,简称CESS)动力学及馈能电路模型,采用功率流的方法分析悬挂系统的能量输入、输出及耗散关系。在考虑传递效率的条件下,分析电阻比、激励频率及振幅对馈能效率与馈能功率的影响。讨论了减振指标及馈能性能之间的关系,通过台架试验分析了外接电阻与悬挂相对运动速度对馈能性能的影响。结果表明:采用功率流的方法可有效分析悬挂能量流动关系,馈能效率和馈能功率受电阻比、激励频率及振幅等因素影响;悬挂系统不能同时满足最大馈能效率和最大馈能功率,悬挂系统减振及馈能性能存在一定的相互制约关系。     

Numerical estimation of ion transport and electroosmotic flow around a pair of cylindrical electrodes in a microchannel using immersed boundary method

This paper investigates the ion transport and electroosmotically induced flow around the cylindrical electrodes under both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) fields. The Poisson-Nernst-Plank (PNP) equations governing the ion transport around the ideally polarizable electrodes are solved numerically by neglecting the Stern layer effect. The fractional-step (FS) based decoupled solver is used in time integration of the ion-transport equations. A new immersed boundary (IB) methodology is described for imposing no-flux boundary conditions of ion concentration on the electrodes. A fully implicit coupled solver is also developed for calculating the ion transport around a pair of rectangular electrodes. The validity of the decoupled solver is verified by comparing its results with those obtained from the coupled solver. For further confirmation of the validity, the results are also compared with those obtained from the Poisson-Boltzmann model and both results are found to be in excellent agreement. The electroosmotically induced flow field is studied by numerically solving the Stokes equations. The system attains a steady state under DC, where the conduction term of ion transport is balanced by the diffusion term. Until the system attains a steady state for a few ms for the case of DC, fluid flow is induced. The electroosmotic flow under AC is more interesting, in that instantaneous flow oscillates with the frequency double of the applied field and a nonzero steady velocity field persists.     

THREE DIMENSIONAL MULTIPHASE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF VENTILATED SUPERCAVITATION

For some vehicles travelling through water, it is advantageous to cover the vehicle in a supercavity for the sake of reducing the drag acting on it. The method of artificial ventilation is most effective for generating and dominating the supercavity. This paper focuses on the numerical simulation of flow field around three dimensional body. The method is based on the multiphase computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model combined with the turbulence model and the full cavity model. The flow field of cavity is simulated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The fundamental similarity parameters of ventilated supercavitaty flows that include cavitation number, Froude number, ventilation rate and drag coefficient are all investigated numerically in the case of steady flow and gravity field. We discuss the following simulations results in section 3： The variations of the cavitation number and the supercavity＇s relative diameter with ventilation rate （subtopic 3.1）; The drag coefficient versus the cavitation number （subtopic 3.2）; Deformation of supercavity axis caused by gravitational effect for three different fixed Froude numbers-2.8, 3.4, 4.2 （subtopic 3.3）. In subtopic 3.2, we give the comparison results of the drag reduction ratio among numerical simulation and experiment conducted in hydrodynamic tunnel and towing tank respectively. In subtopic 3.3, we summarize our discussion of gravitational effect on the axis deformation of supercavity as follows： In the case of smaller Froude number, the inclination of the cavity axis increases monotonously with increasing horizontal length, and reaches its maximal value at the end of supercavity; This deformation can be almost completely negligible when the Froude number Fr〉7. The comparisons with the experimental data in the hydrodynamic tunnel and the towing tank indicate that the present method is effective for predicting the flows around ventilated supercavity; that the numerical results is in good agreement with the experimental one     

基于关节速度的液压比例驱动工程机械臂位姿控制

为了解决液压驱动工程机械臂在实际工程作业中加装位置传感器会使得系统复杂,从而可靠性降低,以及在关节处位置闭环伺服控制会导致液压系统效率降低的问题,提出在比例液压油缸驱动的机械臂中用位姿闭环而非关节位置闭环构成机器人控制系统.使用惯性导航、激光雷达、视觉等获得机械臂末端姿态,通过机器人运动学逆解得到当前关节值,与目标关节...     

汽车动力性计算方法与特性图形绘制的应用

主要针对汽车的动力特性进行研究。在结合具体车型参数的基础上,应用Origin的数据分析和绘图功能,分析汽车的驱动力与行驶阻力平衡关系、功率平衡和动力因数,并绘制相关曲线图。依据所绘制的特性图,分析汽车的综合动力性,为汽车的动力性计算方法与特性图形绘制提供了一个实例。     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD OF TURBINE IN TORQUE CONVERTER

Three-dimensional flow field of turbine in torque converter is simulated by numerical calculation in order to improve the performance of torque converter. Calculation model of a torque converter is presented based on the mixing-plane technology. In the calculation of flow field,the 3D N-S equations are separated by finite-volume method and solved by semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations(SIMPLE). Based on flow field calculation,the flow field of turbine is simulated. The velocity and pressure in the flow field of turbine are analyzed. The external performance of the torque converter is also calculated. Results of flow simulation show that there are secondary flow,off flow and velocity gradient in turbine passage. The validity of numerical simulation is verified by comparing the results of numerical simulation with experiment data.     

履带车辆硬地面转向阻力矩算法的研究

提出履带车辆一边履带驱动、另一边履带制动实现转向时地面产生的阻力矩的计算方法。通过建立相对车辆静止的动坐标系,推导出履带板上任意点的运动速度方程。地面对履带板上接触点的摩擦力方向与该点的运动速度方向相反,从而确定出产生转向阻力矩的摩擦力的大小和方向,对转向中心取矩得到转向阻力矩。通过求解运动学方程组,得出转向阻力矩。研究表明,履带与地面问摩擦力沿履带方向的分力提供转向驱动力,垂直履带方向的分力产生转向阻力。该转向阻力矩计算方法比传统计算方法更加精确。     

A simple upper-bound method for axisymmetric metal forming problems

An upper-bound method for axisymmetric metal-forming problems is developed. The method uses regions of constant axial velocity and radial velocity inversely proportional to radius to build up a kinematically admissable velocity field. A technique for constructing the velocity field and calculating the associated power dissipation is described. Applications to various forming problems are discussed.     

A rigid plastic finite element perturbation method for the effective prediction of the influence of the change in parameters in the constitutive equation upon deformation behaviour

In order to predict the influence of change in parameters in the constitutive equation upon deformation behaviour, a rigid plastic finite element perturbation method is developed. The change of such field variables as velocity, pressure, forming force and so on are expressed in terms of a power series of the perturbation of the parameters. The coefficients of the series are determined by solving the rigid plastic finite element perturbation equations. Several examples are presented to illustrate the advantages of using the proposed method to solve specific problems in preference to the conventional rigid plastic finite element method.     

Real-time accurate odometer velocity estimation aided by accelerometers

In strap-down gyro-compass in-motion alignment, the alignment accuracy depends not only on the quality of the gyroscopes and accelerometers, but also on the accuracy of the velocity provided by the aiding sensors such as odometers. To improve the accuracy of the in-motion alignment, real-time accurate odometer velocity estimation is required. In this paper, the effect of the noise of the odometer velocity on strap-down gyro-compass in-motion alignment accuracy is presented, based on the strap-down gyro-compass algorithm. A velocity tracking model is designed as the state model, to describe the relationship between and among the vehicle’s velocity, acceleration and jerk in the vehicle frame. Based on the velocity equation applied to strap-down navigation system mechanizations, the vehicle’s acceleration in the vehicle frame can be obtained from the specific forces measured by accelerometers. With the observations including the vehicle’s acceleration in the vehicle frame and the vehicle’s velocity in the vehicle frame obtained from the odometer using the first order difference algorithm, real-time velocity estimates are produced by a Kalman filter. The field test results show that the proposed method can successfully improve the accuracy of the odometer velocity. The comparison with the traditional method highlights the superior performance of the proposed method.