立式转子跌落在保护轴承上的碰撞特性

保护轴承用于支承主动磁悬浮轴承系统中高速跌落的悬浮转子,其抗冲击性能直接影响磁悬浮轴承系统的安全性和可靠性。为研究立式主动磁悬浮轴承系统中保护轴承的抗冲击性能,以满装混合陶瓷球轴承作保护轴承,对转子-保护轴承系统进行受力分析,建立转子-保护轴承的动力学模型。利用多体动力学软件对转子跌落到保护轴承过程中保护轴承所受的碰撞力进行仿真,分析转子偏心状态下,跌落转速和动平衡精度等级对碰撞力的影响。结果表明:随着跌落转速和动平衡精度等级的提高,保护轴承所受的轴向碰撞力保持不变,径向碰撞力随之增大。     

磁力轴承支承特性的影响因素研究

磁悬浮转子动态特性是磁力轴承支承与转子动力学综合作用的结果，其好坏不仅决定悬浮能否实现，而且还直接影响其动态性能和转子的回转精度。因此开展对磁悬浮支承技术的研究，为磁悬浮转子技术应用于工业提供技术储备和可能性，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。文章首先提出了磁悬浮转子支承磁刚度、磁阻尼的概念，并推导出其计算公式；接着采用频域等效法系统地分析了频率、转子质量、传感器、滤波、功率放大器等环节对磁刚度、磁阻尼的影响。     

磁悬浮永磁同步电动机的电磁力密度波及振动噪声研究

磁悬浮永磁同步电动机具有无机械摩擦和磨损,可以达到长寿命的高速或超高速运行,但电动机工作时需要不停地对磁悬浮电磁合力进行抗负载干扰调节,由此产生的电磁振动和噪声也比常规永磁同步电动机大很多,不可忽视。提出一种开口圆弧段定子绕组的永磁同步电动机,由4个这种电动机并联悬浮支承同一转子并驱动其旋转构成整体的磁悬浮永磁同步电动机;针对圆弧定子绕组式的磁悬浮永磁同步电动机进行电磁振动噪声研究,建立电动机气隙磁场及电磁力密度波的分布模型,基于电磁力密度波优化电动机绕组参数,并对电动机振动和噪声进行仿真研究。通过仿真结果可知,优化后的电动机在保证电磁性能的前提下其振动噪声也降到了合理水平。     

主动磁悬浮电主轴系统建模与控制参数分析

为实现磁悬浮电主轴的稳定悬浮运行并满足加工精度要求,通过对某型号主动磁悬浮电主轴的结构和控制原理进行研究,在忽略主轴转子磁化和磁漏等非线性因素影响的前提条件下,通过对主轴转子在磁悬浮轴承中的受力分析,建立了磁悬浮轴承的电磁支承力与轴承气隙偏移量及控制电流的表达式,对基于不完全微分PID控制的磁悬浮电主轴系统的临界转速与磁悬浮轴承的电磁刚度进行了定量研究,得到不同PID控制参数下,磁悬浮轴承支承刚度随涡动频率的变化曲线及固有频率随PID控制参数的变化曲线图。研究结果为磁悬浮电主轴控制系统进一步设计使用和分析优化提供了依据。     

世界首台永磁悬浮旋转机械研制成功

病人通过人工心脏泵进行手术或抢救时，因泵内轴承磨损更换心脏泵，将给病人造成生命危险。一种能替代机械轴承的永磁轴承可解决这一问题，我国近日研制成功世界首台永磁悬浮旋转机械。     

进给平台永磁直线磁悬浮电动机的电磁力特性研究

针对数控机床进给平台的摩擦问题,提出采用永磁直线磁悬浮电动机来实现无摩擦进给。给出磁悬浮进给平台的结构以及进给平台的运行原理。该进给平台采用永磁直线磁悬浮电动机驱动,永磁直线磁悬浮电动机的动子上有两套绕组,一套绕组用于产生电磁推力,另一套绕组用于产生可控的磁悬浮力。采用Maxwell应力张量法推出了电动机的电磁推力和悬浮力的数学模型。用Ansoft对电磁推力和磁悬浮力进行了有限元分析,证明了采用永磁直线磁悬浮电动机实现直接驱动和无摩擦进给的可行性。     

参数不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统的动态特性

目前,关于电磁轴承支承特性的研究大多是基于PID类传递函数明确的控制算法展开的,而非线性控制算法的模糊属性导致难以建立电磁轴承的支承刚度和阻尼模型,系统的支承特性存在不确定性,从而难以对此类磁悬浮系统的动力学特性展开研究。为此,针对支承特性不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统,首先,运用有限元法建立了磁悬浮双转子系统的理论模型;其次,将电磁轴承支承特性中的不确定量转化为‘未知而有界’的区间;最后,基于Chebyshev正交多项式的区间分析方法对磁悬浮双转子系统的动态特性展开了研究。研究结果表明,低频峰值响应的不确定度与等效刚度和阻尼呈现幂函数变化关系。     

燃料电池空压机气磁悬浮系统的协同控制研究

针对燃料电池空压机目前存在的驱动和支承问题,提出一种箔片动压轴承和动力磁轴承一体化的气磁悬浮型空压机。基于空压机的结构组成,建立空压机磁悬浮支承力、气悬浮支承力以及空压机转子动力学数学模型;基于燃料电池空压机转子系统动力学模型的状态空间方程,设计抗干扰强的协同控制器,并对它进行了转速、驱动转矩、转子悬浮位移以及电磁调节力等关键物理量的仿真分析。结果表明：协同控制在响应、抗干扰以及鲁棒性方面的控制优于PID控制。基于协同控制和PID控制建立了控制实验平台,并对空压机转子的气磁悬浮进行分析,进一步验证了协同控制具有优良的控制效果和良好的控制性能。     

径向型超导轴承的计算和实验研究

针对应用于离心式氦气冷压机的径向型高温超导磁悬浮轴承,给出了永磁转子磁场计算和结构设计方法,并开展了轴承径向力和径向刚度的计算研究,搭建了超导轴承性能测量平台,开展了轴承转子空间磁场测量和轴承性能测试。计算和测试结果表明,磁场计算方法可行,且结果准确,在距离永磁转子外表面1 mm处的最大外磁场强度约为0.5 T。轴承径向力在场冷和零场冷条件下的计算结果均随转子偏心量的增大而增大,与测试结果在线性度和趋势上具有很好的一致性。本文实验轴承径向刚度测试值为362.4 N/mm,与场冷条件下的径向刚度计算结果334.594 N/mm接近。本文所述的径向轴承磁力计算方法可用于超导轴承径向刚度的定性计算和设计,对超导轴承的应用研究具有一定的指导意义。     

高速永磁电机转子-轴承系统动力学特性分析

为研究高速永磁电机在高转速工作条件下的振动特性,将其简化为转子-轴承系统,建立数学模型,利用Runge-Kutta法进行计算,得出支承刚度、阻尼、加速度和支承位置对转子振动特性的影响。研究结果表明:改变支承刚度可以改变临界转速值,不改变临界转速对应的最大振幅值;增大阻尼可以降低振幅值,不改变系统的临界转速值;增大转子的加速度可以降低最大振动幅值,但会增加系统的控制力矩;y方向支承位置改变产生的振动幅值大于x方向支承位置改变产生的振动幅值,且轴承在靠近轴承推力盘的位置产生的振幅大。最后可以通过控制加速度和刚度的方法来降低振动幅值,避开共振区。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.