两种不同材料的电主轴磁-热耦合有限元仿真分析

电主轴热态稳定性影响电主轴整体工作性能,作为电主轴主要热源的内置电机对电主轴热态性能的影响是设计过程中优先考虑的问题之一。电主轴生热小,散热快是保证其优良热态性能的前提。基于电主轴电磁损耗生热机制和电主轴传热散热机制,建立电主轴有限元模型。提出一种电主轴磁-热耦合分析方法,分析电主轴额定转速下内置电机的磁场和温度场,监测电主轴内置电机各部分温度场以及瞬态温度。以170SD30陶瓷电主轴与金属电主轴作为分析对象,分析了采用新型陶瓷主轴材料对改善电主轴内置电机温度场分布的影响。结果表明:陶瓷电主轴电磁损耗小于金属电主轴电磁损耗,在电机损耗热的影响下,陶瓷电主轴温度低于金属电主轴温度。     

车铣复合加工中心电主轴系统的温度场分析

电主轴系统在多种热源作用下产生的热变形已成为影响机床加工精度的主要因素.在对电主轴系统各个生热源分析、计算的基础上,建立电主轴系统的合理模型,把计算得到的生热和传热等参数以边界条件的形式施加到有限元模型上,得到主轴系统的温度场分布和最高转速时电主轴系统的瞬态分析,计算出主轴各部分温度随时间的变化,根据分析结果提出改进措施,为完善电主轴系统的结构设计提供理论依据.     

高速永磁同步电主轴的热态特性研究

为探究高速永磁同步电主轴温度场的分布规律,并在此基础上提出改进热态特性的措施。本文在介绍了永磁同步电主轴散热机理的基础上,分析并计算了电主轴的热态参数,建立电主轴热态特性的有限元分析模型,并借助ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件进行了稳态和瞬态的温度场仿真和求解。结果表明整个主轴温度场分布很不均匀,温度相差较大;而前、后轴承的温度变化趋势基本一致。因此要改善电主轴的热态特性,有必要合理分布主轴系统的冷却装置并适当增大相关流体参数。     

接触热阻对高速电主轴热态特性影响研究

为了研究接触热阻对电主轴热态特性的影响,建立考虑接触热阻的电主轴热模型。采用有限元方法对电主轴进行热-结构耦合分析,计算各结合面接触热阻,并利用仿真研究结合面接触热阻中粗糙度和接触压力对电主轴热态特性的影响。对电主轴的电机损耗发热和前后轴承摩擦生热进行计算。以100MD60Y4型号的电主轴为研究对象,通过三维有限元模型分析结合面接触热阻对电主轴热态特性影响,将有无接触热阻两种条件下温度场和热变形仿真结果与实验结果对比,结果表明考虑结合面接触热阻仿真内部温度场不均匀性增大、整体温度更高、热变形量更大,其仿真结果更接近实验值。     

高速电主轴热态性能的有限元分析及温升控制

针对高速加工中心电主轴电机内置的特点,分析了电主轴的各种热源并计算了发热量,建立了电主轴热态特性的有限元模型,在有限元软件Ansys中对电主轴的热态特性进行分析,得出电主轴稳态温度场分布图,为冷却系统的设计提供了理论基础。采用热电偶对电机定子的温度进行检测,通过PLC的控制可对冷却系统的水流速度进行适时调节,加强对流换热的作用,进而加强电主轴的冷却效果。     

高速大功率电主轴的油水热交换系统设计

高速电主轴是实现高速加工的首要关键技术,文章对电主轴的电机基本结构和发热特性进行了分析,并设计出对电机定子进行循环冷却的油水热交换系统,通过有限元分析结果表明油水热交换系统能较好地解决电机定子的散热问题.     

螺旋水套与轴向水套水冷系统流固耦合对比分析

水冷系统具有体积小、散热效率高等优点,是解决电主轴散热问题中的重要途径。文章以数值传热学为基础,利用有限元分析方法对电主轴结构常用的螺旋水套与轴向水套两种冷却系统方案进行流固耦合对比分析,给出了两种冷却方案在冷却效果上的差异。为电主轴设计过程冷却系统选取及电主轴热分析提供参考。     

非线性焊接热传导的有限元分析和计算

焊接温度场的数值计算,近年来取得不少进展,但其中大多是采用线性有限单元方程或差分方程求解的。本文对非线性的热传导问题进行了有限元分析,建立了焊接温度场的计算模型,编制了相应的计算机程序。该程序考虑了材料热物理性能随温度的变化以及表面的散热情况,并可以进行固定热源或移动热源、薄板或厚板、准稳态或非准稳态二维温度场的有限元分析。文中就固定热源或移动热源薄板对接焊等几个具体实例进行了有限元分析。结果表明,考虑热物理性能随温度的变化以及表面的散热条件能使计算精度得到提高。并且还表明,只要选取合适的计算模型尺寸,焊缝及近缝区的温度分布便可趋向于准稳定状态。     

基于FEA计算机模拟的激光透射轮廓焊接工艺

采用有限元分析和实验设计对激光透射轮廓焊接工艺进行系统模拟。通过开发的三维热源模型,模拟带有移动热源的激光透射轮廓焊接工艺。采用商业ANSYS多物理场有限元软件,通过实施高斯体积热源模型,并结合对流辐射边界条件,获得数值结果。将实验设计与回归分析结合,设计实验,并在仿真结果的基础上开发数学模型。四个关键工艺参数,即功率、焊接速度、光束直径以及吸收聚合物中碳黑含量作为自变量,而焊接面最高温度、焊缝宽度以及透明和吸收聚合物中焊缝深度作为因变量。灵敏度分析可以用来确定自变量的不同取值如何影响某个因变量。     

冷却润滑参数对电磁自平衡电主轴温升影响的研究

高速电主轴高度紧凑的结构使其在服役过程中散热困难,常采用油雾润滑和循环水冷方式强制降温。以一种新型电磁自平衡电主轴为对象,研究了异步电动机、滚动轴承和电磁平衡头生热原理;分析了主轴系统传热机制;采用有限元热分析对170MD12Y16-EMAB45电磁自平衡电主轴进行了稳态温度场分析,研究了冷却液流量、压缩空气流量对电主轴最大温升的影响规律。结果表明:电磁平衡头对电主轴温升影响总体很小,电磁自平衡电主轴具有良好热特性;获得了最佳温控参数,为这种电主轴的优化设计和工程应用奠定了基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.