聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨烯分离膜的结构与性能

成膜材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)易溶胀,稳定性差,氧化石墨烯(GO)具有很好的化学稳定性,以PVA为主要原料,GO为添加剂,聚乙二醇为造孔剂,采用共混法制备了GO含量不同的PVA/GO分离膜,并用光学接触角测量仪、超滤杯等考察了分离膜的亲水性和耐污染性;采用SEM、IR、TGA等表征了分离膜的微观形貌、热学及力学性能。结果表明:GO的加入改善了分离膜的内部孔道、亲水性、纯水通量和耐污染能力,膜的热稳定性和力学性能均得到提高,当GO含量为2%时,分离膜的综合性能达到最优。     

改性聚乙烯醇膜的研究进展

聚乙烯醇（PVA）因其良好的化学稳定性、耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂性以及优异的成膜性和生物安全性,成为应用最广泛的亲水性膜材料之一。但亲水性PVA膜力学性能弱和耐水性能差等缺点严重限制其实际应用。近些年,人们通过共混、纳米复合、热处理、化学交联以及协同改性等方法对PVA膜进行了大量的改性研究工作并取得了众多成果。本文总结了不同PVA膜改性方法的特点及存在的问题,重点阐述了性能优异的填料在纳米复合改进PVA膜力学性能上的研究现状,简述了共混、热处理、化学交联对改性PVA膜的作用,强调了协同改性对提高PVA膜综合性能的重要意义,为设计和制备高性能的PVA膜提供一定的参考。指出改性后的PVA膜在水处理和食品包装领域具有良好的应用前景。     

聚乙烯醇复合膜及其在水处理中的应用研究进展

PVA具有良好的亲水性、耐污染性、热稳定性和化学稳定性等,已成为被广泛应用的亲水性膜材料之一,尤其是作为复合分离膜的活性分离层材料。对PVA复合膜的制备方法和各种PVA复合膜(超滤膜、纳滤膜、反渗透膜和渗透汽化膜)在水处理中的应用作了详细综述,以期为高性能PVA复合膜的制备及其在水处理中应用提供一定的理论指导。     

聚乙烯醇（PVA）／纳米TiO2杂化膜的研究与应用

主要介绍了水溶性聚乙烯醇（PVA）／TiO2杂化膜作为包装材料具有的一些优异性能和用途,从发展现状、制备方法和用途三方面对PVA／TiO2杂化膜进行了归纳总结,并分析了PVA／TiO2杂化膜现阶段所存在的问题。PVA材料的亲水性、环保性、生物相容性及纳米TiO2的亲水性、光照后不发生光腐蚀、耐酸碱性、化学稳定性和对生物无毒性等特点将赋予PVA／TiO2杂化膜广泛的应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯腈小分子层层自组装复合膜的制备及研究

小分子层层自组装法制备得到复合膜。通过二乙烯三胺改性聚丙烯腈膜来增强复合层的稳定性,在小分子层层自组装过程中引入氧化石墨烯(GO)来提高分离膜的综合性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、水接触角测试(WCA)、分离性能和抗污性能测试等手段对分离膜的表面形貌和性能进行了表征。研究表明添加GO能够有效提高分离膜的亲水性、渗透性、截留率和抗污性能。     

PVA/TA增强复合膜的制备及性能

以可降解的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和单宁酸(TA)为原料,采用溶液浇注法制备了不同比例的复合膜,分析了不同TA含量的复合膜的力学性能、抗氧化性、亲水性、微观形貌和官能团的变化。研究结果表明,添加TA后,复合膜的综合力学性能显著提高,当TA的含量为4%时,与纯PVA膜相比,复合膜的拉伸强度提高了97.17%;另外,复合膜的抗氧化性得到了明显提升,其抗氧化性与参与反应的TA含量成正比。复合膜中的PVA与TA中的羟基发生反应后生成了新的氢键,与纯PVA膜相比,复合膜表面的最大接触角增大了123.36%,最大吸水率降低了53.21%,这表明,TA改善了复合膜的耐水性。综上所述,PVA/TA复合膜在包装领域具有一定的发展潜力。     

超亲水-水下超疏油聚氨酯海绵的制备及其油水分离性能研究

采用了一种简单、高效和环保的方法用于油水分离,即通过改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）,以GO和壳聚糖（CS）为改性原料,以聚氨酯海绵（PU）为基体,通过两步浸渍法制备了超亲水-水下超疏油海绵（PUGO@CS）。GO的加入能够增加海绵表面的粗糙度和亲水性,CS的加入能增加海绵的亲水性和GO涂层的稳定性。改性PU具有良好的弹性性能、较好的热稳定性和吸水能力。油水分离性能测试表明,仅在依靠重力的作用下即可分离多种油水混合物,对各种油水混合物的分离效率可达95%以上;改性PU良好的可重复使用性使其在10次使用后的分离效率并未明显降低;在泵提供动外力时可实现无搅拌状态下的静态连续油水分离和搅拌状态下的动态连续油水分离;在磨损循环10次以后,改性PU仍能保持较高的油水分离性能。     

氧化石墨烯改性聚酰胺膜研究进展

聚酰胺膜广泛应用于海水淡化、苦咸水脱盐及废水处理等领域,复杂、多类型的应用场景对膜性能提出了更高要求。氧化石墨烯（GO）以优异的机械、化学稳定性及亲水性等优点引起了学者的广泛关注。利用GO改性聚酰胺膜,可以改善膜的水通量、抗污染及耐氯性等性能。综述了聚酰胺膜在酸性和含氯溶液中的降解过程,介绍了GO结构特征,重点关注了利用GO在聚酰胺膜支撑层中、支撑层与功能层间、功能层中及功能层表面进行改性以提高膜性能的研究进展,对GO改性聚酰胺膜中金属离子及水传质过程进行了简要介绍。最后,提出未来可以从完善GO改性聚酰胺膜抗污机理、提高GO在膜基质中的稳定性、提高GO在溶液中的分散性及增强GO改性聚酰胺膜耐酸性等方面作进一步研究。     

PVDF/GO/MWCNT/PVA超滤膜的制备及其性能研究

利用非溶剂相转化法(NIPS)制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜,考察了以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、氧化石墨烯(GO)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为添加剂对膜性能的影响,并且进行膜污染实验。结果表明,PVA与GO和MWCNT形成氢键,能够提高GO和MWCNT的分散作用,提高其的亲水性,PVA能促使膜孔向指状孔发展,形成类似于毛细血管状结构。在相同的膜污染环境下,添加PVA的复合膜的通量恢复率更高,这是由于PVA能够在膜表面形成亲水层,使得膜表面与污染物之间的黏附力下降,抗污染能力提高。     

淀粉/三聚氰胺增塑PVA熔融加工膜的制备及性能

以淀粉/三聚氰胺为复配增塑剂,利用熔融加工工艺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TG)和力学性能测试等考察了增塑剂含量对PVA膜性能的影响.结果表明,复配增塑剂能有效破坏分子链间氢键,对PVA的增塑作用明显.随增塑剂含量增大,PVA膜的力学性能和熔体质量流动速率呈先增大后减小的趋势,熔点...     

Preparation and properties of PPSU/GO mixed matrix membrane

Polyphenylene sulfone/graphene oxide (PPSU/GO)mixed matrix membraneswith different GOcontents are prepared by phase inversion technique using, PEG-1000 as porogen, and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as solvent. The hydrophilicity and pure water flux of the membrane are investigated. The morphology, hydrophilicity, thermodynamic stability and compatibility of the membranes are characterized by various techniques such as SEM, TGA, FTIR and so on. The permeation properties of the membrane are measured in terms of pure water flux and bovine serum albumin (BSA) retention. The results indicate that when the GO content is 1.5 wt%, an evenly distributed finger structure has been formed in the mixed matrix membranes. Owing to the presence of GO, the hydrophilicity and the thermal stability of the membranes are improved, and the fouling resistance is also enhanced.     

Preparation and properties of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes

On principle of polymer blend phase separation, PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes were prepared using phase inversion method. The membrane morphology and performance varied with the blending ratio. The PVDF/PVA blends showed incompatibility by the results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) sampling technique. Based on bursting pressure and tensile strengths results, we suggest that the mechanical properties of PVDF/PVA blend membranes are worse than that of PVDF membrane. PVA can improve the hydrophilicity of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes, which could be illuminated by the decrease in contact angle, the increase in equilibrium water content (EWC) and the variety in dynamic moisture regain. The pure water flux increases while the rejection ratio decreases with PVA content increasing. Moreover, PVA can improve the anti-fouling property of PVDF/PVA hollow fiber membranes, which could be illuminated by the result of increase coefficient of resistance.     

High performance forward osmosis cellulose acetate (CA) membrane modified by polyvinyl alcohol and polydopamine

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a low cost and readily available material widely used in forward osmosis (FO) membranes. However, the performance of pure CA membranes is not good enough in salt separation and the traditional modification methods are generally multistep and difficult to control. In this paper, we reported high performance cellulose acetate (CA) composite forward osmosis (FO) membranes modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydopamine (PDA). PVA was first cross-linked onto the surface of CA membranes, and then PDA was coated with a rapid deposition method. The membranes were characterized with respect to membrane chemistry (FTIR and XPS), surface properties comprising wettability (by water contact angle), and osmosis performance. The modified membrane coated by PVA and PDA shown better hydrophilicity and exhibited 16.72 LMH osmotic water flux and 0.14 mMH reverse solute flux with DI water as feed solution and 2.0 M NaCl as draw solution and active layer facing the feed solution. This simple and highly effective modification method makes it as an excellent candidate for further exploration for FO.     

亲水型ZSM-5分子筛填充PVA膜及分离乙酸乙酯/水的应用

为了实现低能耗且高效分离乙酸乙酯中的低含量水分,选用亲水型纳米ZSM-5沸石分子筛材料作为改性剂,填充到聚乙烯醇(PVA)聚合物中制备PVA/ZSM-5混合基质膜(MMMs)。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TGA和接触角测量仪等对膜材料的形态、物化性质进行表征分析,并考察膜材料在不同溶液中的溶胀行为以及通过单因素实验探究填料含量、进料温度、进料浓度对渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯和水混合物的性能的影响。结果表明,ZSM-5与PVA结合紧密且分散均匀,除了ZSM-5固有的亲水性外,ZSM-5还与PVA分子之间存在氢键相互作用,但两者之间并没有发生化学作用。随着进料浓度的增加,渗透通量增大,而分离因子呈减小趋势;随着进料温度升高,渗透通量和分离因子均增大;随着ZSM-5填充量的增加,渗透通量和分离因子均先增大后减小。当ZSM-5填充量为6%(质量)时,渗透通量和分离因子达到最大值,分别为1231 g/(m²·h)和6072,相比纯PVA膜分离指数(PSI)提高了2.9倍。新设计的PVA/ZSM-5混合基质膜(MMMs)可在工业水平上用于乙酸乙酯及其他类似化合物的脱水。     

Preparation of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes using PVA as pore surface hydrophilic modification agent with improved antifouling performance

Novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were facilely fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution as the coagulation bath through phase inversion method. In the process, PVA was introduced into the pore surfaces of the PVDF membranes via the interdiffusion of the non‐solvent water and the solvent. The effects of PVA content in the coagulation bath on membrane properties were systematically discussed. The results indicated that the increase of PVA content in coagulation bath resulted in the formations of the more sponge‐like structures and the higher surface hydrophilicity. Smaller pore size led to lower water flux and higher bovine serum albumin rejection. Fouling resistance measurement indicated that the membranes made in PVA/water coagulation bath had higher flux recovery ratio (92.1%) than the membrane made in a pure water bath (71.0%). Furthermore, mechanical property test revealed that the resulting membranes had high tensile strength and Young's modulus. In this work, we found that the morphology and the property of the novel PVDF membranes could be determined by the PVA content in the coagulation bath. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E384–E393, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

紧实型GO/PVDF复合膜对有机染料的去除性能研究

采用氧化石墨烯(GO)改性PVDF膜，利用浸没沉淀相转化的方法制备了紧实型GO/PVDF复合膜，对膜的亲水性、纯水通量和表面Zeta电位等性能进行了考察，并选择罗丹明B和甲基橙分别代表正负电荷染料，对膜的吸附、脱附和截留性能进行了考察。结果显示，膜的纯水通量从45.10 L/(m²·h)增加到58.40 L/(m²·h)。GO含量为0.50%(质量)时(M2)，膜的综合性能较优。GO/PVDF复合膜对罗丹明B的吸附效果较好，1.5 d之后，M0~M3的吸附量分别为1.02、1.24、1.79和1.49 mg/g。乙醇对罗丹明B的脱色率达到80%以上。膜对甲基橙的吸附效果较差，M2的吸附量仅为0.46 mg/g，0.10 mol/L HCl溶液对甲基橙脱色率达到86%以上。膜对两种染料的截留率均保持在57.60%和57.20%以上。为纳米材料改性有机膜的制备以及对有机染料的去除提供了一定的科学依据。     

Preparation and characterization of PVA-g-GO/PVA/PAN composite membrane for pervaporation desalination

Graphene oxide (GO) has extensive applications in membrane-based separations, but its dispersion in the membrane has always been a problem due to the presence of π–π interactions in GO nanosheets. In this study, a grafting reaction was designed by using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for GO grafting modification and poly (vinyl alcohol)-g-graphene oxide (PVA-g-GO) nanocomposites were synthesized. The grafting material to GO was the same as the basic separation polymer material. PVA-g-GO showed better dispersibility and hydrophilicity than GO, and a series of composite membranes were prepared using a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane as a substrate. PVA-g-GO nanocomposites and membranes were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. The addition of PVA-g-GO improved both the separation performance and anti-swelling property of the composite membrane, and the PVA-g-GO/PVA/PAN composite membrane loaded with 2 wt.% PVA-g-GO obtained a high flux of 4.46 kg/m² · h and a high rejection of 99.99% when dehydrating 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 30°C by pervaporation.     

Synergistic strengthening of composite films by crosslinking graphene oxide reinforcement and poly(vinyl alcohol) with dicarboxylic acids

High‐strength plastic materials with excellent biodegradability, non‐toxicity and economically wide availability are in high demand. Herein, we demonstrate graphene oxide (GO) composite of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a potential bioplastic material by chemical crosslinking. For a potential bioplastic material, PVA has to be addressed for its high water absorbing capacity along with improvement in tensile strength and thermal stability. These issues were addressed by enhancing the interfacial binding between PVA and GO, covalent bonds between the two being introduced by crosslinking with dicarboxylic acids, namely succinic acid (SuA) and adipic acid (AdA). Crosslinking of neat PVA with dicarboxylic acids also resulted in enhanced swelling resistance and thermal stability. The greatest improvement in tensile strength and swelling resistance was observed for a GO crosslinked with diacids due to the synergistic effect of reinforcement and crosslinking. Improvements of 225 and 234% in the tensile strength of PVA (31.19 MPa) were observed for 5% GO–PVA samples crosslinked with 6.25 mmol AdA and 7.5 mmol SuA, respectively. For the same samples, water uptake was 44 and 29%, respectively, compared to the non‐crosslinked PVA (359%). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carboxyl Graphene Membranes for Ethanol Dehydration by Pervaporation

Carboxyl graphene (CG) with two functions of hybridization and crosslinking was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix to form PVA/CG mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes demonstrated excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The improved hydrophilicity and formed crosslinking structure led to moderate swelling. The membrane crystallinity decreased and the free volume was promoted with increasing CG loading amount. The pervaporation (PV) separation performance for ethanol dehydration indicated that both permeation flux and separation factor were enhanced simultaneously at the optimum CG loading. Subsequently, the permeation flux continued to increase while the separation factor declined at higher CG loadings.     

Effect of silver loaded sodium zirconium phosphate (nanoAgZ) nanoparticles incorporation on PES membrane performance

Polyethersulfone (PES) based ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated via phase inversion by adding silver-loaded sodium zirconium phosphate nanoparticles (nanoAgZ) in PES casting solutions. The effect of nanoAgZ concentration on the membrane performance, i.e., morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, permeation and antifouling properties was investigated. The results of thermal gravitational analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of the hybrid membrane had been improved by the addition of nanoAgZ particles. Contact angle results indicated that the hydrophilicity of the modified membranes was enhanced. The contact angle of the membrane decreased from 71.5° to 52.6° with the increase of the nanoparticle content in the casting solution. Permeation experiment results showed that the modified PES membranes demonstrate better separation performance over the pure PES membrane. The pure water flux of PES membrane increased from 82.1 L/m² h to 100.6 L/m² h with the addition of the nanoparticles. Most importantly, the incorporation of the nanoAgZ particles enhanced the BSA fouling resistance and also the anti-biofouling performance of the membrane.