叶顶间隙对轴流风机内部流场影响的研究

基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型和 SIMPLE 算法,对某轴流式通风机在不同叶顶间隙下进行了设计工况时的数值模拟.讨论了不同叶顶间隙大小对风机性能的影响,分析了叶轮出口截面速度、压力等参数的分布以及叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡随间隙大小的变化情况.数值结果表明,随叶顶间隙逐渐增大,风机性能不断下降;叶轮出口截面速度、总压和湍动能大小受间隙泄漏流的影响明显;泄漏涡由泄漏流与主流发生卷吸而形成,且泄漏涡会受到间隙大小的影响.     

叶轮偏心间隙气流激振力的数值模拟

叶轮偏心引起的叶顶间隙气流激振影响透平轮机械的安全运行,运用CFD理论研究了气流激振问题,通过Fluent软件对轴流引风机的一级带偏心叶轮的内部流场的数值模拟,计算出了该级叶轮由于叶轮偏心引起的叶顶间隙静态气流激振力,该数值模拟计算结果与理论计算结果取得了较好的一致.通过改变叶轮的叶顶间隙、偏心距以及转速,可以发现由叶轮偏心引起的叶顶间隙静态气流激振力F与叶顶间隙δ成反比,与叶轮偏心距e、转速n成正比.     

叶片载荷对半开式离心叶轮气动性能的影响

为提高半开式离心叶轮的气动性能,采用数值模拟及分析方法对三种叶片载荷分布的叶轮在不同叶顶间隙下的流动特征及性能参数影响进行了量化对比,结果表明:载荷分布形式与叶顶间隙值对叶轮气动性能有影响,当载荷前置时,叶轮性能受间隙的影响最小;叶顶间隙引起的泄漏量对叶轮性能影响不明显;叶轮流道中后段的流动性能更易受载荷、叶顶间隙值等因素的影响,导致效率下降。     

叶顶间隙对轴流风机性能影响的大涡模拟研究

为了研究分析叶顶间隙对轴流式通风机性能的影响,分别对1mm、2mm和4mm的三种叶顶间隙建立了三维全流道作为计算域,采用大涡模拟方法对其三维全流场进行数值模拟,得到了轴流式通风机的效率和压升随流量的变化曲线,对比分析了不同的叶顶间隙对风机性能的影响,另外,得到了叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着叶顶间隙的增大而增大。     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其性能的影响

为了探究改变对旋轴流风机两级叶轮的叶顶间隙对其性能的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙下风机三维模型，利用Fluent进行数值模拟，并结合风机性能试验验证仿真的正确性。分析压升、效率、轴功率、湍流动能和叶顶泄漏涡随两级叶轮叶顶间隙的变化情况，结果表明：在相同流量下，压升、效率随间隙的增大而减小；与第一级叶轮相比，间隙对第二级叶轮的轴功率、湍流动能及泄漏涡影响更加显著；随间隙增大，叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域越大。     

叶顶间隙对汽车水泵压力脉动影响的数值研究

汽车水泵作为汽车冷却系统中的重要部件,对发动机性能有着重要的影响。基于SST k-ω湍流模型,对不同尺寸下叶顶间隙的汽车水泵进行了非定常数值计算,研究了其内部流场和压力脉动特性。结果表明:在不同的叶顶间隙下,泵内流场的压力脉动特性均表现出明显的周期性变化,各监测点压力脉动峰值均出现在叶频处,同时随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶片上和蜗壳内的压力脉动是逐渐减弱的;泵内压力梯度也随着叶轮旋转呈现周期性变化,随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶轮、蜗壳和叶顶间隙上的压力是逐渐减小的;叶轮流道内和蜗壳出口处均出现二次流回流旋涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶轮流道内涡强度减弱,蜗壳出口处涡强度加剧。     

叶顶间隙对离心叶轮性能影响的数值模拟

对5个不同叶顶间隙下离心叶轮通道中的流动情况进行了数值模拟,得到了不同间隙时叶轮的效率、压比随质量流量变化的性能曲线,分析了间隙对叶轮性能的影响。     

半开式离心叶轮与扩压器间流动模态提取与分析

考虑到半开式离心叶轮叶顶间隙流动对离心压缩机流动稳定性的影响,本文采用动态模式分解的方法对比了离心叶轮和无叶扩压器分别在设计工况和近失速工况下的流动结构及其频率信息。结果表明:叶轮出口附近的叶顶间隙流动对无叶扩压器中流动有显著影响,无叶扩压器中出现了和叶顶泄漏流流动相关的涡结构。随着流量的减小,叶顶间隙流动进一步影响无叶扩压器内部流动,涡结构频率变高,径向直径减小并向动静交界面移动,同时靠近盘侧的流场出现不稳定流动趋势。     

叶顶间隙对低速离心叶轮性能影响及尾缘附近流场分析

为了深入了解不同叶顶间隙下低速离心叶轮性能变化及尾缘附近流场变化,利用商用计算流体力学软件包NUMECA FINE/TURBO分别对0.5、1、2倍叶顶间隙的LSCC离心叶轮内部三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:随着叶顶间隙的增加,叶轮通道内损失增大,尾迹损失增大,离心机的效率压比降低;随着叶顶间隙的增加,间隙泄漏流增强,通道内叶顶、机匣表面附近低速区扩大,由于尾缘附近低速区扩大并向吸力面移动,低速区与尾迹掺混加剧了叶轮出口通道涡运动,尾迹中心从压力面向通道中心移动。     

围带对透平膨胀机叶轮气动性能的影响研究

应用CFD方法对透平膨胀机叶轮流场进行计算。首先将计算结果与实验数据进行对比，验证了计算方法的准确性和可靠性。然后对比分析不同围带参数对叶轮气动性能的影响，包括围带宽度、倒角以及叶顶间隙。结果表明，适当宽度的围带有利于提高叶轮气动性能；围带出口内缘倒角有助于提高叶轮气动性能，外缘倒角则会产生不利影响；叶顶间隙会导致叶轮气动性能降低，且随着间隙增大，不利影响更加显著。     

叶顶间隙变化对轴流风扇性能影响的数值研究

运用三维粘性流动计算软件,对某含叶顶间隙的直叶片轴流风扇进行数值模拟。叶顶间隙按相对间隙进行取值,其大小分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%,其它计算参数不变。通过对计算结果的对比分析,研究叶顶间隙变化对总体性能的影响。结果表明,叶顶间隙变化对轴流风扇性能有较大影响,随着叶顶间隙的增大,其效率、全压减小。     

Numerical study on the effect of the tip clearance of a 100 HP axial fan on the aerodynamic performance and unsteady stall characteristics

In this study, a numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the tip clearance on the aerodynamic performance, internal flow characteristics, and stall region characteristics of an axial fan. Three-dimensional steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculations were conducted with a shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. Tip clearance ratios of 0, 0.01, and 0.02 were applied to the impeller. As the tip clearance ratio increased, the aerodynamic performance of the axial fan decreased at both the design and the off-design conditions. The correlation between the tip leakage vortex (TLV) and the flow angle of the velocity triangle was presented for the difference in the tip clearance and flow rate. As the flow rate increased, the differences in the aerodynamic performance induced by the tip clearance ratio decreased. As the tip clearance ratio increased, the size of the TLV increased and gradually moved in the circumferential direction to interfere with the main flow at the low flow rate. Meanwhile, the size of the TLV was similar and gradually moved in the axial direction even if the tip clearance ratio increased at the high flow rate. The pressure fluctuations were observed by the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis to compare and analyze internal flow characteristics at the stall region and design point. The static pressure was converted to the appropriate magnitude. The locations of the highest magnitude were shown to be different at the stall region and the design point, respectively.

     

Numerical study on unsteadiness of tip clearance flow and performance prediction of axial compressor

Numerical calculations were performed to investigate unsteady features of tip clearance leakage flow in an axial compressor. The first stage rotor of a low speed axial compressor with a large tip clearance was examined. It was confirmed that the numerically calculated performance data were in good agreement with the experimentally measured performance data. Using frequency analysis, the flow characteristic near the casing induced by tip clearance leakage flow was found to be not associated with the rotating speed of the rotor. This characteristic is called rotating instability or self-induced unsteadiness. We found that the circumferential length scale of the rotating instability of the compressor was longer than a pitch of a blade passage; therefore, a multi-blade passage was adopted to study the flow structure more precisely. The flow characteristic was described by the frequency, the circumferential length, and the phase velocity, and was changed by operating points toward stall. The behavior of the flow was characterized by circumferentially traveling waves. Hence, the mechanism governing the development of the unsteady feature was further examined in terms of the rotating wave pattern of the pressure distribution. Furthermore, the unsteady feature of the tip clearance leakage flow affected the prediction of compressor performance by altering blockage, flow turning, and loss near the casing.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其气动噪声的影响

为探究改变叶顶间隙对矿用对旋式轴流风机气动噪声的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙的风机三维模型，并结合风机性能试验验证模型的正确性。利用Fluent对风机进行定常模拟、非定常模拟和噪声预估，分析了声功率级和声压级随叶顶间隙的变化情况。结果表明：叶根与轮毂交界处、叶顶间隙处和相邻两叶片中间部位的声功率级随间隙的增加而增大，且叶顶处吸力面声功率级高于压力面。不同间隙下风机的A级声压值总体上呈先急剧下降后上升再逐渐下降的趋势，间隙变大后，风机在各监测点处的A级声压值随之增大。与高频处相比，间隙对中低频处的A级声压值影响更加显著。     

Influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow pump

Rotor-stator interaction in axial pumps can produce pressure fluctuations and further vibrations even damage to the pump system in some extreme case. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow water pump has been investigated by numerical method. Three-dimensional unsteady flow in the axial flow water pump has been simulated with different tip clearances between the impeller blade tip and the casing wall. In addition to monitoring pressure fluctuations at some typical points, a new method based on pressure statistics was proposed to determine pressure fluctuations at all grid nodes inside the whole pump. The comparison shows that the existence of impeller tip clearance magnifies the pressure fluctuations in the impeller region, from the hub to shroud. However, the effect on pressure fluctuation in the diffuser region is not evident. Furthermore, the tip clearance vortex has also been examined under different tip clearances.     

Numerical study on near-stall flow unsteadiness in an axial compressor with casing treatment

Time-accurate numerical calculations were performed to investigate unsteady flow features in a low-speed axial compressor. The test compressor has axial skewed slots over the rotor tip region as casing treatment to improve the stall margin. The calculated data are in good agreement with the measured data. This paper reports the effect of casing treatment and flow unsteadiness on the rotor near stall by examining the flows in the smooth wall and casing treatment cases. The axial skewed slot can remove the blockage induced by the tip clearance leakage flow by removing and injecting the flow near the tip. However, for the casing treatment case, blockage is induced near the hub because the hub-corner stall is caused by a decrease in the axial momentum in this region. The tip leakage flow has inherent unsteadiness in the smooth wall case caused by the relatively large tip clearance, whereas the hub-corner stall has unsteadiness in the casing treatment case. The two types of unsteadiness have functions in inducing stall inception. Furthermore, axial slots of different sizes were tested to examine the effect of slot geometry on rotor flow stability. The change in flow structure related to the stall inception was subject to flow injection through the recirculation in the slots.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶形态对其性能的影响

为了探究改变叶顶结构对风机性能的影响，采用Fluent对不同叶顶形态的对旋轴流风机性能进行数值模拟。分析了不同叶顶形态对风机效率、全压、叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡的影响。结果表明：风机效率随叶顶开槽长度的增加而增大。在开槽长度和深度相同时，与第一级叶轮相比，改变第二级叶轮的叶顶形态对风机性能的改善更加显著。与后缘相比，在叶顶前缘开槽对风机性能改善更大。叶顶开槽后，间隙处形成泄漏涡，且叶顶泄漏流入口处涡流强度明显提高，可有效削弱叶顶泄漏流的发展，改善风机性能。     

低压轴流风机叶顶间隙对叶尖涡及外部性能的影响研究

基于其一动叶可调的低压轴流风机叶轮,通过对其在不同叶顶间隙下的叶顶区域进行数值模拟分析。计算结果分析表明:该轴流风机在叶顶间隙较小时虽然会出现泄漏流动,但不一定会出现泄漏涡,随着叶顶间隙的增大,泄漏流动将变得不明显,取而代之的是泄漏涡,并且泄漏涡的强度和影响区域随着间隙的增大而增大;在相同流量下,通风机的全压随着叶顶间隙的增大而减小;随着流量的降低,叶顶间隙越大,越早进入非稳定状态。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.