DZZ5自动站结构简介及故障排查

本文介绍目前气象业务中使用的DZZ5新型自动站结构,通过总结实际应用中出现的问题,重点说明主采集器、蒸发传感器、风速风向传感器的故障处理方法,以期能够提高台站业务人员处理仪器故障的能力。     

自动气象站风向传感器检测诊断软件的设计与实现

文章就自动气象站风向传感器现场校准时存在的问题,开发和设计出风向传感器检测诊断软件。通过对风向传感器的编码原理进行分析,该软件将格雷码输出转化为对应的角度输出,并结合检定规程直观地判定其各方位角是否超差;通过增加两个检测方位,有效地解决格雷码状态位出现故障导致的风向校准区间缺测等问题。为自动气象站风向传感器的现场校准提供了切实可行的技术保障。     

东营风传感器防冻改造运行评估

在气象观测工作中，风向风速传感器冬季冻结故障较为常见，尤其是在雨雪天气之后，机械式风速风向传感器轴承容易结冰，无法正常转动，这会使得所测风速较实际值小或为0,风向变化迟缓或停止在一个方向上，严重影响气象观测记录，加之风向风速传感器一般安装在风塔和风杆上，风向风速传感器冻结故障难以处理，所以对风传感器进行防冻改造具有非常重要的意义。文章统计了自动气象站风传感器冻结情况，并对风传感器防冻改造效果进行了评估分析。     

风向数据在判断传感器故障方面的分析释用

通过分析江苏省2009年1—9月Z文件中瞬时风向资料,研究各站A文件风向频率分布特征发现：绝大多数台站瞬时风向数据排列及间隔情况几乎一致,传感器异常情况下,瞬时风向数据排列后出现明显的规律性角度区间缺失;风向规律性缺失较大角度区间的台站,在最多风向附近常出现较深“频率谷”,风向频率分布呈多个“w”型波动跳跃。其分析结果可作为判断风向传感器故障的直接或间接依据。     

根据异常观测数据判断气象仪器故障

结合工作实际,通过分析缺测或异常的地面气象观测数据,判断气象仪器故障,并从地温、雨量、风、气温等气象要素的异常情况,分析判断仪器故障的原因和排除方法。为控制气象数据质量,保障和维护气象观测仪器提供参考。     

BCF-2型便携式测风测温仪研制完成并通过定型鉴定

由山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所研制的 ＢＣＦ－２型便携式测风测温仪于２００１年１１月２０日在青岛通过鉴定。 该型仪器是新一代手持式微型测风测温仪器,它采用了地磁性转角光电转换技术研制的微型光电码角位移变送器作为部件,成功地解决了在动、静载体上进行真风向、真风速的自动测量和风向、方位测量的无触点、微型化难题。该型仪器可在任何动、静环境下进行风向、风速、温度的测量,使用方便,同时,在外观上设计新颖,全部模压成型,美观大方,牢固可靠,具有很强的实用性。该型仪器的研制完成,改变了现有的机械式测量方式,跨…     

EL15-2C型风向传感器现场故障排除实例分析

文章针对DZZ5型自动气象站EL15-2C型风向传感器出现的数据异常情况,通过与风向数据采集逆向的逐级故障排查原则,依次对软件、数据采集器风向通道、防雷板风向通道、信号电缆和风向传感器5个环节进行故障排除。阐述基于格雷码位电平的判断方法快速确定导致风向数据异常的故障点的故障检修方法,旨在为自动气象站格雷码风向输出的风向传感器的维护保障工作提供维修指导及参考。     

提高风向标阻尼比方法的研究

提高风向标阻尼比方法的研究长春气象仪器研究所朱双全，聂泽雨一、引言风向传感器的动态指标（滞后距离、阻尼比和动态偏移）是测风仪器的重要参数。其中的阻尼比和滞后距离，是风向动态测量的主要指标。１９８３年，世界气象组织（ＷＭＯ）对风向标阻尼比提出建议性指标...     

无线电经纬仪所测高度和斜距的计算及修正方法探讨

无线电经纬仪所测高度和斜距,与测风雷达或光学经纬仪所测结果,因测量原理和方式的不同而有所差异。本文针对此问题提出了对无线电经纬仪所测高度和斜距的计算及修正方法,使其与测风雷达或光学经纬仪的测量结果具有相同意义,以便于统一计算高空风向和风速。文章给出了实测数据的比较结果,并提出了采用不同种类仪器进行高空探测时须注意的几个问题。     

移动式超声波风速风向测量系统

为了解决传统式测风仪器无法应用于航海和应急式车载自动气象站等测风领域的问题,设计了一种移动式超声波风速风向测量系统,其需要解决的问题有:随着载体的移动,基座的方位和速度发生变化,因此,需要在对系统方位和载体速度进行测定的同时,对测量到的风速风向参数进行系统修正.系统包括:利用3对超声波换能器完成三维风速风向测量,通过电子罗盘和系统自带的速度测量单元分别实现方位和速度测量,通过微处理器实现风速风向的校正及测量数据的传输.     

风传感器故障检测与诊断

文章详细介绍了风传感器的组成和工作原理。从传感器原理出发,分析了洛阳机场风速风向传感器(WAA151/WAV151)常见故障,探讨解决方法,并对维护要点进行总结,为业务人员维护和维修风传感器提供参考。     

基于微控制器的风速风向传感器系统设计

提出了一种基于惠斯通全桥电路的热式风速风向传感器系统设计方案.传感器芯片结构利用ANSYS软件进行了热学和电学的耦合仿真,并进行了结构优化.芯片采用剥离工艺在陶瓷衬底上加工而成,利用直接安装技术对传感器进行封装.系统采用恒温差工作原理进行控制,热温差工作原理测量风速和风向.系统中微控制器集成的电流型D/A对传感器恒温差控制模式的初始状态进行设定,同时补偿环境温度的变化造成的输出信号的漂移,使得系统的工作温度扩展到-40～60 ℃.热温差检测模式利用位于片上的8个温敏元件构成两路惠斯通全桥电路连接,这种设计在保证灵敏度的同时提高了其测量范围.本系统的微控制器集成了大量模拟和数字模块,减少片外元件使用量,大幅缩小系统体积,同时能够提高测量系统的测量精度及可靠性.通过风洞测试表明,该系统能够完成360o风向检测,精度达到3°,风速的检测范围达到35 m/s.     

A method of micrositing of wind turbine on building roof-top by using joint distribution of wind speed and direction, and computational fluid dynamics

Urban wind turbines are recommended for installation on a building roof-top to capture more wind energy. It is critical to decide an exact location for the wind turbine installation on the roof-top area. In this paper a joint probability density function of wind speed and direction is proposed as a statistical model for wind distribution, and a CFD approach is taken to predict the wind acceleration effect by the geometry of the building. Singly Truncated Normal Weibull (TNW) PDF mixture (TNW-PDF) is used as the wind speed distribution function, and von Mises mixture distribution is utilized for the wind direction distribution. These two functions are jointly tested to accurately describe the wind database. The method proposed by Johnson and Wehrly is used to obtain angular-linear distributions for this purpose. The inevitable acceleration and secondary effects of building’s roof-top upon the wind distribution is assessed quantitatively by means of the CFD technique. The CFD simulation provides time-averaged wind speeds of various directions with their calculated probabilities at a specific location over the roof top. Thereby the micrositing method is suggested for determination of optimal location for the installation of small wind turbine in the urban roof-top environment.     

基于动态特征矩阵的k近邻风电机组故障检测方法

受风的间歇性和随机性影响风电机组运行状态频繁切换,导致设备状态异常检测误报和漏报情况严重,风电企业运维成本居高不下。为此,提出了基于动态特征矩阵的k近邻故障检测方法,该方法采用基于互信息的动态特征矩阵描述风电机组的动态特性,通过加权k近邻同时考虑动态特征矩阵中的特征贡献率与累计互信息的影响,利用动态阈值计算降低运行状态突变造成的误报。分别以美国可再生能源实验室5 MW海上风机基准模型的常见传感器和执行器故障以及SCADA数据中记录的变桨系统故障为例,将所提方法的故障检测结果分别与PCA、KPCA、FD-kNN以及PC-kNN故障检测方法进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够准确进行故障信息的检测,所提方法优于其他对比故障检测方法。     

Second-order sliding mode control for DFIG-based wind turbines fault ride-through capability enhancement

This paper deals with the fault ride-through capability assessment of a doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine using a high-order sliding mode control. Indeed, it has been recently suggested that sliding mode control is a solution of choice to the fault ride-through problem. In this context, this paper proposes a second-order sliding mode as an improved solution that handle the classical sliding mode chattering problem. Indeed, the main and attractive features of high-order sliding modes are robustness against external disturbances, the grids faults in particular, and chattering-free behavior (no extra mechanical stress on the wind turbine drive train).     

基于免疫Agent的风力发电机组故障自愈系统的研究

以风力发电机组为研究对象,将Multi-Agent技术与故障自愈的原理结合,并引入人工免疫的思想,以故障的消除和抑制为目的,探讨一种新型的具有自身免疫能力的智能自愈理论和方法研究。采用Multi-Agent技术、人工免疫原理和专家系统等混合智能技术构建故障自愈免疫系统的结构模型,阐述了基于免疫agent的风力发电机组故障自愈系统的组织结构和诊断流程。该系统具有可扩充性、诊断资源的可重用性、诊断过程的自主性等,为机电装备故障诊断和自愈提供了一种新思路。     

Wind turbines abnormality detection through analysis of wind farm power curves

Abnormality detection and prediction is a critical technique to identify wind turbine failures at an early stage, thus avoiding catastrophes. In this study, we propose a new abnormality detection and prediction technique based on heterogeneous signals and information, such as output power signals and wind turbines downtime event information collected from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. First, discriminant statistical feature extraction is performed on the power signals in both the time-domain and frequency-domain. Then, a sideband expression is derived for normalized statistical data based on quartiles. In addition, a dissimilarity metric is defined to calculate the distances between downtime time intervals, and a higher dimension feature space is obtained. To reduce the dimension of the feature space, the Laplacian Eigenmaps (LE) nonlinear dimensionality reduction method is implemented. Afterwards, a Linear Mixture Self-organizing Maps (LMSOM) classifier is applied to differentiate abnormal types and a cumulative trend difference method is utilized to predict the faults in wind turbine. The method is validated and applied to data collected from a wind farm in north China. The results show that the proposed technique can effectively detect and predict wind turbine abnormalities.     

船用风传感器试验与分析

本文通过对不同航行状态下,安装于不同位置的风传感器的试验与分析,得出安装在桅杆两侧的风传感器在船体直线航行和转向航行时风速、风向的测量值均受到船体桅杆的影响,影响程度与风向和船向夹角有关。     

Short-term observation of wind energy potentiality in the Wol-Ryong wind site

Accurate analysis of the atmospheric wind profiles and climate characteristics in a certain area is a prerequisite for providing reliable information on a wind energy site. Two 2-D ultrasonic anemometers and one cup anemometer, arranged perpendicularly to the prevailing wind direction, were used to measure the atmospheric wind environment at a height of 4.5 m in the coastal region of Wol-Ryong, Jeju, South Korea. This study aims to estimate future wind resources with various estimation methods. The wind energy is theoretically estimated at 75 m, the hub height of 800 kW and 1500-kW-class wind turbines, at the Wol-Ryong site. Methods using three equations, a logarithmic profile, a modified logarithmic profile, and a power law, are applied for accurate prediction of the atmospheric wind profile. In addition, yearly wind power can be calculated by using the probability distribution from Weibull and Rayleigh profiles. It is found that the predicted wind speed is strongly affected by surface atmospheric conditions such as the friction velocity, atmospheric stability, and averaged roughness length. The Rayleigh profile gives more power generation than the Weibull distribution, especially under low-windspeed conditions. The logarithmic profile method seems to be the proper method for estimating the energy production at the Wol-Ryong site for neutral atmospheric conditions. On the other hand, the other two methods — the modified logarithmic profile method and the power law method — seem to be improper for neutral conditions.