冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合墙体受剪性能研究

本文采用有限单元法对冷弯薄壁型钢住宅组合墙体的受剪性能进行了分析。在建立有限元模型时,采用了塑性壳单元,考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性影响,自攻螺钉连接采用耦合模型。通过对已有的单面石膏板、单面定向刨花板(OSB板)、一面石膏板另一面定向刨花板(OSB板)三类组合墙体受剪试验结果的分析,验证了本文有限元方法的正确性。采用有限元方法分析了不同墙面板材料、不同钢种、不同墙架柱间距、不同墙体高度、不同螺钉间距等参数对组合墙体承载力的影响,参数分析表明:组合墙体的墙面板材料特性对组合墙体的受剪承载力影响较大,钢材强度对组合墙体的受剪承载力影响较小;随着墙架柱间距缩小、墙体高度减小、边缘自攻螺钉间距加密,组合墙体的受剪承载力明显增加。     

Monotonic shear tests of cold-formed steel wall frames with sheathing

This research is focused on the experimental study of the structural strength of cold-formed steel wall frames with sheathing under monotonic shear loading. Two aspect ratios, 1.0 and 2.0 were utilized in the design of wall specimens. Three different kinds of sheathing material, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, and oriented-strand board, with two different thicknesses (9 and 12 mm) were adopted in the test specimens. The ultimate strength, stiffness, energy absorption, and ductility ratio were studied for each test specimen. In final, the ductility ratios of the cold-formed steel wall frames similar to the wall configuration conducted in this study are proposed.     

带外覆材料的冷弯型钢墙体框架的单调剪切试验研究

研究带外覆墙体材料的冷弯型钢墙体框架在单调剪力作用下的结构强度。墙体试件采用1.0和2.0两种长宽比。试件分别采用石膏板、硅酸钙板、定向刨花板3种不同外覆材料和9,12mm两种不同厚度。给出了每个试件的极限强度、刚度、耗能能力和延性比。最后提出与整体墙体外形相似的冷弯型钢墙体框架的延性比。     

喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体是在冷弯薄壁型钢骨架区格内设置聚苯乙烯泡沫板,并在骨架外侧喷涂轻质保温材料制成。通过对1个冷弯薄壁型钢骨架试件和2个喷涂保温材料冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件的低周反复加载试验,分析了试件的受力过程和破坏形态,研究了试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载能力、抗侧刚度以及延性等力学特征,并将试验结果与已有的两侧挂板冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体的试验数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：冷弯薄壁型钢骨架的节点刚度较弱,承载能力较低,不宜单独作为抗侧力构件;与两侧挂板冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体相比,轻质保温材料的连续喷涂使得组合墙体更具整体性,其承载能力和抗侧刚度显著增加,并具有良好的抗震性能。     

夹芯墙板覆面冷弯薄壁型钢承重复合墙体受剪试验

为满足多层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑的抗震及防火要求,同时兼顾施工便捷性,提出了夹心墙板覆面的新型冷弯薄壁型钢复合墙体,并完成了11片足尺模型水平加载试验。试验表明： 1） 复合墙体的受剪破坏主要由墙板周边的螺钉连接失效引起,即螺钉将墙板撕裂或螺钉剪断引起,墙板与自攻螺钉之间的连接力学性能成为影响复合墙体受剪性能的主要因素;增大墙板厚度或者采用玻镁板代替石膏板可提高复合墙体抗剪性能,而龙骨立柱的截面尺寸对复合墙体受剪性能影响不明显; 2） 同侧墙板层数的增加对复合墙体受剪承载力及刚度虽有明显提高,但未达到线性叠加程度;夹心墙板的使用有利于墙体蒙皮效应的发挥,相应的墙体受剪性能优于墙体同侧双层墙板覆面时的受剪性能; 3） 蒸压加气混凝土（ALC）板周边与自攻螺钉的连接区域在较低水平荷载作用下出现板材开裂现象,故不宜采取ALC板参与墙体受力的连接方式。研究给出了新型冷弯薄壁型钢复合墙体的受剪承载力及抗剪刚度设计指标,供工程设计参考。     

冷弯薄壁型钢开洞组合墙体抗剪性能研究

对4片足尺冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体的抗剪性能进行了水平加载试验.通过建立考虑材料和几何非线性影响的有限元模型对试验试件的抗剪性能进行数值模拟.采用有限元方法对开有不同尺寸洞口的组合墙体的抗剪性能进行数值分析,提出了开洞组合墙体抗剪承载力的建议计算方法.结果表明:开洞组合墙体的破坏主要发生在洞口处;开有门、窗洞口的试件在墙面板角部出现45.方向的压溃和撕裂现象;当构造相同时,开洞组合墙体的抗剪承载力和抗侧刚度均随开洞率的增大而逐渐降低;提出的开洞组合墙体抗剪承载力的建议计算方法计算结果与ANSYS计算结果吻合较好,可供实际工程设计参考.     

Design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls

A method for the design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls has been developed for inclusion in the American Iron and Steel Institute's North American standards for lateral design using a comprehensive database of single-storey shear wall tests carried out in Canada and in the United States. The wall configurations differed in terms of wall aspect ratio, framing and sheathing thickness, screw fastener schedule and framing reinforcement. The Equivalent Energy Elastic–Plastic (EEEP) analysis approach was used to derive key design information from the test data, including: nominal shear resistance, a resistance factor, an over-strength factor for capacity based seismic design and ‘test-based’ seismic force modification factors for ductility and over-strength.     

Steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls subjected to lateral and gravity loading

The design of steel sheathed cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls is not addressed in Canadian design standards. A program of displacement based loading tests was carried out on single-storey shear walls of various configurations to investigate their performance and to establish a comprehensive database of information. The walls, which were subjected to lateral loading and combined lateral plus gravity loading, differed in sheathing thickness, screw fastener detailing, framing thickness, aspect ratio and framing reinforcement. The performance under loading was directly related to the sheathing connection pattern; however, when the framing elements were not blocked tension field forces resulted in significant damage to the chord studs. Details of the test program and general results are presented in this paper.     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能，对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验，考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用，提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度，但延性降低；采用方钢管截面端柱可避免端柱发生压屈破坏，其对墙体的抗侧刚度及受剪承载力提高幅度较小，但可以改善墙体的延性及变形性能；当底层与二层墙体抗侧刚度比大于1时，墙体属于弯曲型破坏。建议在多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅抗震设计中，对底层墙体设置刚性斜撑、采用方钢管加强端柱以提高墙体受剪承载力及端柱抗压屈能力。     

壁挂式冷弯型钢结构双层组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究壁挂式连接冷弯型钢结构中双层组合墙体的抗震性能,对4个足尺双层墙体试件进行了水平低周往复试验,考虑了刚性斜撑、方钢管端柱加强、下部两层墙体抗侧刚度比等因素对墙体抗震性能的影响。结果表明：增设刚性斜撑墙体中V形刚性斜撑与墙面板蒙皮作用同时发挥抗侧作用,提高了墙体的受剪承载力及弹性抗侧刚度,但延性降低;采用方钢管截面端柱可避免端柱发生压屈破坏,其对墙体的抗侧刚度及受剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可以改善墙体的延性及变形性能;当底层与二层墙体抗侧刚度比大于1时,墙体属于弯曲型破坏。建议在多层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅抗震设计中,对底层墙体设置刚性斜撑、采用方钢管加强端柱以提高墙体受剪承载力及端柱抗压屈能力。     

Monotonic and cyclic loading tests for cold-formed steel wall frames sheathed with calcium silicate board

This research is concentrated on the structural strength and behavior of cold-formed steel wall frame sheathed with calcium silicate board under shear load. Test specimens with two different thicknesses of sheathing were assembled, 9 mm and 12 mm, with one-side or two-side of attachment. Monotonic shear and cyclic loading tests are conducted on wall specimens utilizing two C sections connected back-to-back to be as chord studs and calcium silicate board sheathing on the exterior. Based on the test results, detailed discussions on the strength, stiffness, energy absorption, ductility ratio, and failure mode of cold-formed steel wall specimens are given. It is noted that the failure mostly occurred at the bottom track of wall specimens due to the large deformation or tearing failure of track. The wall strength is not affected by the change of sheathing's thickness significantly, but wall frames attached with two-side calcium silicate board sheathing provide higher resisting strength and stiffness than those attached with one-side sheathing. In this study, test results are also used to compare with the previous study that single chord stud was used in the assembly of wall frame. In addition, the suggested response modification factor of the wall sheathed with calcium silicate board is proposed for design purpose.     

Detailing recommendations for 1.83 m wide cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing

The paper presents an experimental investigation on 1.83 m wide, 2.44 m high cold-formed steel (CFS) stud framed shear walls using steel sheet sheathing. Four wall configurations were studied through monotonic and cyclic tests. The test results indicated that besides the sheet buckling and screw pull out, the buckling of interior studs might occur for the 1.83 m CFS walls. To prevent the failure in the studs, special detailing was developed in this research. It was discovered that the special detailing could increase both the shear strength and the ductility of the shear walls. The research also found that the codified nominal shear strengths can be conservatively used for walls with an aspect ratio of 3:2. Based on the test results, the nominal seismic shear strength for 1.83 m wide CFS shear walls was established for design purposes.     

轻质脱硫石膏改性材料填充冷弯型钢组合墙体抗震性能试验研究

为研究轻质脱硫石膏改性材料填充冷弯型钢组合墙体的抗震性能,对5片轻质脱硫石膏改性材料填充冷弯型钢组合墙体的足尺试件进行低周反复加载试验。研究该类墙体的破坏机理、承载力及抗侧刚度、滞回性能、延性及变形、耗能性能等。试验结果表明：填充墙体内填石膏分块形成斜向受压带,发挥其抗侧力功能,最终以各块填充物与墙架立柱之间的黏结滑移破坏以及轻质石膏块角部的受压破坏为主要破坏特征;较空腔墙体,填充墙体的受剪承载力和抗侧刚度均有大幅度提高,受剪承载力提高了55%~88%,抗侧刚度提高了142%~217%;随着填充材料强度的提高,墙体的抗侧刚度和受剪承载力逐步提高,但其提高幅度低于材料强度的提高幅度。     

冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体受剪性能研究综述

根据对冷弯薄壁型钢结构体系传力路径的分析,承受和传递水平、竖向荷载的组合墙体的受力性能对整个结构的抗震性能至关重要。按照从局部到整体的顺序,依次对国内外开展的墙体龙骨、墙面板连接件和组合墙体的抗震性能的研究进行综述。结合对国内外具有代表性的剪力墙受剪试验结果进行的统计分析,分别给出墙面板、墙面板连接件、钢龙骨框架、墙体高宽比、墙体开洞及加载类型对墙体受剪承载力的影响。部分墙体受剪试验结果与中国规范相应的设计参考值进行对比,指出按线性内插得到的由大间距连接件连接的墙体受剪承载力规范参考值趋保守。按照中国规范给出的抗力分项系数值进行可靠度计算,计算结果表明规范的设计参考值不能很好的符合目标可靠度为3.2的要求。按文献建议调整抗力分项系数后的计算结果与目标可靠度吻合良好,但应进行更多的研究寻求合理的抗力分项系数值。最后对该类结构体系抗震性能研究领域需要深入研究的问题提出了建议。     

A statistical and experimental investigation into the accuracy of capacity reduction factor for cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing

Buildings constructed of cold-formed steel members are increasingly used in many countries. In recent years, cold-formed steel shear walls with steel sheathing were introduced as lateral force resisting systems. Design provisions of these structures require that the shear strength of shear walls with a height to width aspect ratio (h/w) greater than 2:1 be reduced by the factor 2w/h for satisfying allowable story drift limit. In this research, the accuracy of the factor is investigated using the results of previous tests and the tests performed by the researcher. Results show that the reduction factor (2w/h) is conservative. Thus, a relation is proposed for the reduction factor.     

LQ550高强冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体受剪性能试验研究

为研究OSB板和水泥纤维板作为LQ550高强冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体结构面板时的受力性能,进行7个不同结构面板的LQ550高强冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体试件的水平单调加载和低周反复加载试验研究,分析了组合墙体的受剪承载力、延性系数、耗能系数等。结果表明：面板拼缝是组合墙体的薄弱部位;在水平接缝处设置宽而完整钢衬板的墙体试件具有较高的受剪承载力和抗侧刚度;单面水泥纤维板单调加载时比低周反复加载时承载力提高约8.79%~12.27%,其受剪承载力较低,但屈服前试件基本完好;对于双面板墙体试件,无论在单调加载还是反复加载时,其承载力、抗侧刚度约为各单面板试件相应指标之和。低周反复加载试件的耗能系数基本接近。     

内填组合墙体钢框架的有限元分析

内填冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体钢框架结构房屋是冷弯薄壁型钢住宅体系从低层向多层发展过程中产生的一种新型结构体系。本文对内填冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体钢框架体系进行数值模拟,通过两种不同连接方式试件的比较,分析冷弯薄壁型钢组合墙体与钢框架之间的协同工作性能和剪力分配关系。     

New design rules for the shear strength of LiteSteel beams

The LiteSteel Beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed hollow flange channel section produced using dual electric resistance welding and automated continuous roll-forming technologies. The innovative LSB sections have many beneficial characteristics and are commonly used as flexural members in building construction. However, limited research has been undertaken on the shear behaviour of LSBs. Therefore a detailed investigation, including both numerical and experimental studies, was undertaken to investigate the shear behaviour of LSBs. Finite element models of LSBs in shear were developed to simulate the nonlinear ultimate strength behaviour of LSBs, including their elastic buckling characteristics, and were validated by comparing their results with experimental test results. Validated finite element models were then used in a detailed parametric study into the shear behaviour of LSBs. The parametric study results showed that the current design rules in cold-formed steel structures design codes are very conservative for the shear design of LSBs. Significant improvements to web shear buckling occurred due to the presence of torsionally rigid rectangular hollow flanges, while considerable post-buckling strength was also observed. This paper therefore proposes improved shear strength design rules for LSBs within the current cold-formed steel code guidelines. It presents the details of the parametric study and the new shear strength equations. The new equations were also developed based on the direct strength method. The proposed shear strength equations have the potential to be used with other conventional cold-formed steel sections such as lipped channel sections.     

新型轻钢复合墙体承重抗火试验及其墙柱热翼缘温升简化计算研究

提出以蒸压加气混凝土(ALC)板与玻特(CS)板作为覆板组合、以钢蒙皮和钢带作为墙板拼缝保护措施的新型轻钢复合墙体构造,开展了ALC板-CS板覆面的新型构造轻钢复合墙体足尺模型承重抗火试验。将轻钢复合墙体受火侧由不同覆板组合而成的防火构造简化为一层均质防护层,提出均质防护层的等效热物理参数(包括厚度、比热容、密度和导热系数)简化计算方法。根据能量守恒原理以及有限差分方法,提出ALC板-CS板覆面轻钢复合墙体的墙柱热翼缘受火温升简化增量表达式。结果表明:ALC板-CS板覆面轻钢复合墙体在0.27荷载比率条件下发生高温承载力失效的耐火极限达到197 min,表现出优异的耐火性能; 提出的温升简化增量表达式预测结果与有限元模拟结果吻合良好,可以用于确定轻钢复合墙体的耐火极限。     

高强冷弯型钢骨架墙体抗剪性能试验研究

对550MPaC型冷弯型钢立柱、550MPa带肋钢板和石膏板组成的高强冷弯型钢骨架墙体进行了16块足尺试件(宽2.4m,高3m)的抗剪试验研究。对带肋钢板+石膏板双面板、单面带肋钢板、单面石膏板和双面无板带交叉扁钢拉条支撑4类墙体试件进行了无竖向力水平单调加载、无竖向力水平低周反复加载和有竖向力水平低周反复加载的试验,得到了各类墙体试件的受剪承载力指标和位移延性系数μ等性能指标。试验结果表明:各类墙体单调加载试件抗剪强度均比反复加载试件高;单面石膏板墙体试件与0.8倍的单面带肋钢板墙体试件的承载力指标之和与双面板墙体试件承载力指标接近;双面无板带交叉扁钢拉条支撑墙体试件抗剪强度是双面板墙体试件的60%~67%;双面板墙体试件延性系数在1.731~2.384之间。