催化重整装置扩能改造思路探讨和工程实践

从扩能改造原因分析、工艺技术路线选择、改造原则明确、规模确定等对催化重整装置的扩能改造思路进行了探讨,并结合一套半再生重整装置的扩能改造实例对扩大装置原料来源、实施节能措施等进行了论述。有如下结论:催化重整装置扩能改造时,首先分析装置扩能改造的原因,进而根据原装置类型、产品要求、扩能幅度等选择合适的工艺技术路线,最后结合产品要求、原料性质和来源、装置现有依托等确定合理的改造规模。在原料不足时,应根据工厂可利用原料的性质和数量,尽可能扩大装置的原料来源。在扩能改造时,应尽量采用新工艺、高效设备等以使装置节能降耗。     

大型化肥装置扩产改造概述

分析了锦天化大型化肥装置中影响产能的原因；介绍了扩能改造的技术措施；总结了扩能改造的效果．改造结果表明，合成氨装置通过增设预转化以及对脱碳系统苯菲尔压缩机的技改，尿素装置通过尿素合成塔塔盘的技改，合成氧及尿素装置扩能达15％，生产负荷由改造前的95％提高到110％，每年可多产尿素7．8万t。     

PP装置扩能改造途径

通过对国内聚丙烯(PP)市场和生产企业现状的分析,指出现有PP装置需要并能够通过扩能改造来提高产量和竞争力;分析了装置扩能改造的各种途径;举例介绍了扩能改造技术的应用。     

广州石化聚丙烯装置扩能改造核算与实践

为了充分利用富余丙烯，提高企业经济效益，文章对10万t/a聚丙烯装置的物料平衡、各工段主要设备能力进行了核算，对装置扩能到12万t／a提出了建议。该装置完成扩能改造投入正常生产后，运行及标定结果表明生产负荷超过了15t／t，各项性能指标达到了设计要求，扩能改造实施取得了预期效果。     

埃克森美孚氯丁橡胶扩能

埃克森美孚公司日前表示，将对位于美国德克萨斯州贝敦的氯丁橡胶装置进行扩能改造，使其产能扩大60％，扩能可望在2008年2季度完成，此次扩能主要是为了满足对氯丁橡胶日益增长的需求。在过去的10年中，埃克森美孚公司已经扩大其氯丁橡胶产能80％以上，2002年对德克萨斯州贝敦的氯丁橡胶装置进行过扩能改造。产能增加了3倍。     

大型化肥装置扩能改造的市场竞争力分析

介绍了某大型化肥装置扩能改造的方案、国内外化肥市场的变化、供需情况，并就改造后产品的市场竞争力进行了分析，认为国内生产企业应进行扩能改造，以提高竞争力。     

我国乙烯装置改扩建述评

综述了我国乙烯装置的扩能改造基本情况，指出对于具体乙烯装置改造方案都应根据装置的具体情况具体分析，进行多方案的比较和论证。     

高密度聚乙烯淤浆外循环技术探讨

介绍采用淤浆外循环技术对高密度聚乙烯装置进行扩能改造的工艺路线，实践证明。利用该工艺技术对高密度聚乙烯装置进行扩能改造具有投资省、物耗和能源低、经济效益显著等优点。     

3976高抗氮高生产灵活型加氢裂化催化剂研制与工业应用

3976催化剂是为适应现有加氢裂化装置扩能改造的需要而研制的一种高抗氮高灵活型加氢裂化催化剂。该催化剂具有活性高、生产灵活性高的特点，同时还具有优异的抗氮性能，能够满足现有加氢裂化装置扩能改造的需要。3976催化剂已在辽阳石化分公司的加氢裂化装置上成功应用，不仅在产品分布和产品性质方面很好地满足了厂家的生产需要，还实现了现有装置扩能改造、挖潜增效的目的，并取得了显著的经济效益。本文简要介绍了3976催化剂的研制及工业应用情况。     

110kt／a水溶液循环法尿素装置扩能改造

公司老尿素装置原设计能力为110kt／a，采用水溶液全循环法尿素生产工艺，1979年投产运行至今。随着前系统合成氨装置的扩能改造，老尿素装置长周期高负荷运行，已不能适应生产的需要。为此，2005年3月公司与宁波远东化工科技有限公司签订了老尿素装置的扩能改造技术协议，并于2005年11月对本套装置实施了技术改造，现将主要改造内容小结如下。     

利用咪唑啉两性表面活性剂在水相中剥离类水滑石的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了咪唑啉两性表面活性剂插层的镁铝类水滑石(MgAl-LDHs),再将插层的MgAl-LDHs置于pH=2的水溶液中,使层间呈现阴离子特性的两性表面活性剂转变为阳离子特性,进而通过静电排斥机理,在水相中成功实现MgAl-LDHs层板的剥离。采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重和差示扫描量热分析、透射电子显微镜等技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,不同分子长度的咪唑啉两性表面活性剂均成功嵌入到MgAl-LDHs层间,且层间距不同。经过插层的MgAl-LDHs能成功剥离,XRD和TEM证实了MgAl-LDHs的分层,同时丁达尔效应证实了胶体的存在。     

An environmentally friendly hydroformylation using carbon dioxide as a reactant catalyzed by immobilized Ru-complex in ionic liquids

A mixed ionic liquid [bmim][Cl + NTf₂] system was successfully used as a reaction medium for Ru-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-hexene with carbon dioxide in the absence of toxic CO and any volatile organic solvents. The yields and TONs are higher than those reported previously using conventional organic solvents. The product can be readily separated by distillation, and the reaction medium containing the Ru-catalyst was successfully recycled.     

Prediction of gas hold‐up in a bubble column filled with pure and binary liquids

A dimensionless correlation for gas hold‐up in a bubble column filled with pure liquids and binary mixtures has been developed. The criteria of bubble coalescence in pure liquids and foamability of binary mixtures have been included successfully in the proposed correlation. For the first time, comprehensive data of gas hold‐up with respect to concentration in four binary systems are presented. The often‐reported enhancement of gas hold‐up in aqueous alcohol mixtures has been observed experimentally. The proposed correlation is able to predict successfully the trend of gas hold‐up enhancement with respect to concentration. The estimated values are found to be within 7% of the measured values.     

Application of methanol synthesis reactor to large-scale plants

The developing status of world large-scale methanol production technology is analyzed and Linda's JW low-pressure methanol synthesis reactor with uniform temperature is described. JW serial reactors have been successfully introduced in and applied in Harbin Gasification Plant and the productivity has been increased by 50% and now nine sets of equipments are successfully running in Harbin Gasification Plant,Jiangsu Xinya, Shandong Kenli,Henan Zhongyuan, Handan Xinyangguang,' Shanxi Weihua and Inner Mongolia Tianye. Now it has manufacturing the reactors of 300,000 t/a for Liaoning Dahua. Some solutions for the structure problems of 1000 ～5000 t/d methanol synthesis rectors are put forward.     

毛细管胶束电泳测定番茄中环境激素2,4-滴的含量

用毛细管胶束电泳法测定了番茄中环境激素2,4-滴的含量。研究了电泳缓冲液的种类、体积分数、pH值和有机调节剂乙醇的变化对分离效果的影响。在分析电压为25kV、pH值7.0、20mmol/L磷酸氢二钠缓冲液 30%乙醇为缓冲溶液、检测波长225nm条件下,在线性质量浓度范围为6.0×10-1～9.375×10-4g/L时,回归方程为y=0.00135x-0.00214,相关系数r=0.99967,检测限为0.9375mg/L;测得样品中2,4-滴的含量为0.07598mg/kg,回收率范围为98.2%～104.6%,其RSD为2.1%～4.5%。该方法具有操作简单、快速方便及自动化程度高、重现性好等优点。     

给水厂排泥水处理处置技术及应用进展

该文介绍了国内外排泥水处理方法各种处置技术以及应用进展。     

Flexible Inserts for Injection Molding of Complex Micro-Structured Polymer Components

Mass production of microfluidic devices commonly relies on injection molding. Injection molding requires a master surface made using micro or nanofabrication. Conventionally, electroplating from a silicon master is used for mold insert production, but this is expensive and cannot be used with masters produced via the Bosch process as interlocking of the scalloping between polymer and metal insert hinders part ejection. Here, an alternative to the electroplating process is developed by adapting a nanoimprint route to produce flexible micro-structured polymer inserts capable of molding using a Bosch process-produced master. An optimized fabrication approach using silicon masters with smooth sidewalls (produced using the mixed process) is used to characterize the limits of the process. Aspect ratios of 1 and below are successfully replicated. Feature spacings down to 20 µm are successfully produced with minimal variation between repeated parts. Masters produced using two different Bosch etches exhibiting both coarse and fine nanometer scalloping are also studied. Parts are successfully ejected with retained nanometer scalloping in all samples although inlay damage occurred after >10 replicas. A proof-of-concept microfluidic device is successfully produced vindicating the use of this approach as an efficient and cost-effective approach for the rapid prototyping of complex micro-structured designs.     

Diversity-oriented synthesis of quinazoline derivatives using zirconium tetrakis(dodecylsulfate) [Zr(DS)4] as a reusable Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalyst in tap water

A highly efficient and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of quinazoline derivatives via the condensation of carbonyl compounds with 2-aminobenzamide using zirconium tetrakis(dodecylsulfate) [Zr(DS)₄] as a highly efficient, reusable Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalyst is described. A broad range of substrates including aldehydes and ketones are successfully condensed with 2-aminobenzamide and all reactions are completed in short times and the products are obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be recycled and reused several times without any loss of efficiency. Moreover, presented procedure has been applied successfully for the synthesis of spiro-quinazolinones and fused ring-quinazolinone derivatives.     

清水高性能混凝土在郑州市立交桥工程中的应用

研究了清水高性能混凝土的性能特征、质量要求以及在原材料选择、配合比设计、施工控制等方面采取的质量控制措施,并将其成功应用于郑州市立交桥工程。     

Molecular dynamics applied to X-ray structure refinement

Simulated annealing, in the form of temperature-controlled molecular dynamics, has been successfully applied to macromolecular X-ray structure optimization. The theory and practice of the method are reviewed, and some recent improvements are described.