连接基长度对GSS/TX-100复配体系表面性质的影响

研究了不同连接基的琥珀酸酯磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂(GSS)与辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)复配体系(GSS/TX-100)在水溶液中的表面性质和胶团化行为,对混合胶团和表面吸附层的组成和相互作用参数进行了计算。结果发现:复配体系水溶液在形成胶团和表面吸附时无明显甚至不存在正加和增效,但是TX-100的加入可明显降低GSS的临界胶束浓度,混合胶团中TX-100占胶团的主要成分,GSS与TX-100具有较弱的相互作用,连接基较短的GSS更易形成胶束,也更易与TX-100形成混合胶束。     

GSS362/TX-100复配体系在水中的溶液行为研究

研究了1,3-丙二醇双子琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(GSS362)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)复配物在水中的表面性质和胶束化行为,并对理想混合临界胶束浓度以及混合体系中各组分在表面吸附层和胶束中的组成、相互作用参数和热力学参数进行分析计算。结果表明,复配物在水溶液中不存在协同效应,但是TX-100的加入明显降低了GSS362的临界胶束浓度,混合胶束的形成为自发过程,胶束中GSS362与TX-100分子具有较弱的相互作用,胶束中富含非离子表面活性剂TX-100。     

碳氟表面活性剂APFO与非离子表面活性剂TX-10混合体系聚集行为研究

采用1H和19FNMR光谱技术,结合表面张力研究了阳离子碳氟表面活性剂APFO与非离子碳氢表面活性剂TX-10混合体系聚集特性。表面张力测定表明TX-10的加入使得混合体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)大为降低,表面活性提高。但混合体系的临界表面张力γcmc增大。NMR研究显示,当APFO和TX10两种表面活性剂分子的碳链发生接触,碳氟表面活性剂的氟核化学位移将会受碳氢链的影响而发生较大的改变。     

连接基长度对GSS/TX-100复配体系表面性质的影响

研究了不同连接基的琥珀酸酯磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂（GSS）与辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚（TX-100）复配体系（GSS/TX-100）在水溶液中的表面性质和胶团化行为,对混合胶团和表面吸附层的组成和相互作用参数进行了计算。结果发现：复配体系水溶液在形成胶团和表面吸附时无明显甚至不存在正加和增效,但是TX-100的加入可明显降低GSS的临界胶束浓度,混合胶团中TX-100占胶团的主要成分,GSS与TX-100具有较弱的相互作用,连接基较短的GSS更易形成胶束,也更易与TX-100形成混合胶束。     

不同因素对CTAB/TX-100微乳液相图的影响

用ε-β"鱼状"相图法研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与非离子表面活性剂辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(TX-100)以不同摩尔比复配形成的CTAB/TX-100/醇/油/NaCl水溶液微乳液体系的相行为和增溶性能.结果表明,随着醇浓度的增加,体系由水包油型(O/W)(winsor Ⅰ or (2-)...     

基于正规溶液理论计算三元混合表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

随着溶液pH的降低,TX-100/N,N-二甲基十二烷基氧化胺二元表面活性剂混合体系变为三元表面活性剂混合体系;利用滴体积法测定了不同pH时该混合体系的临界胶束浓度,并利用正规溶液理论计算了该三元表面活性剂混合体系的临界胶柬浓度,计算结果在一定范围内与实验较好地相符.     

非离子表面活性剂在浊点萃取及光度分析中的应用研究

对浊点萃取以及光度分析中非离子型表面活性剂的增效作用进行研究,通过红外光谱、相对粘度和可见吸收吸分光光度法等方法对表面活性剂聚乙二醇叔辛基苯基醚(Triton X-114和Triton X-100)进行表征和研究。结果表明,在可见吸收分光光度法中,TX-114比TX-100具有更高的增效作用,能够有效提高有色金属络合物在水中的溶解度和灵敏度;对于浊点萃取过程的增效作用研究表明,TX-114与TX-100相比具有不同的相对粘度,对浊点萃取和光度分析具有显著的差异,相对粘度高的TX-114表现出更高的增效作用,能够提高分析方法中的灵敏度并降低检出下限。     

TX-100在离子液体EAN/PEG-200混合溶液中的聚集行为研究

通过表面张力、核磁等表征手段,研究了非离子表面活性剂TX-100在离子液体EAN纯溶剂以及EAN/聚乙二醇PEG-200混合溶液中的聚集行为。结果表明,TX-100在两种溶剂中均形成胶束;通过表征分析发现,TX-100在混合体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度随着混合溶剂中PEG-200含量增加而增加,所形成的胶粒尺寸也增大;当混合溶剂中PEG-200含量固定时,随着温度升高,TX-100在两种体系中的cmc都增加;理论计算表明低温时是焓驱动形成胶束,高温时是熵驱动形成胶束。     

GSS471/TX-100复配体系动态表面活性研究

用最大泡压法测定磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂1,4-丁二醇双子琥珀酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠(GSS471)与TX-100复配溶液的动态表面张力(DST),详细表征了DST随时间的变化过程,研究了配比和浓度对其DST的影响,利用Rosen模型得出DST的n、t*、t_i、t_m和R_(1/2)。结果表明,复配溶液浓度越高,吸附到界面的速率越快,介平衡表面张力值越小且越接近平衡值,DST曲线越低,且扩散势垒越小,吸附势垒越大,动态表面活性越高。当复配溶液形成大量胶束、n(GSS471)∶n(TX-100)=0.4∶0.6时,动态表面活性最好,且较两个单一表面活性剂的动态表面活性显著;当复配溶液形成微量或未形成胶束、n(GSS471)∶n(TX-100)=0.2∶0.8时,动态表面活性最好。     

柴油微乳化技术研究

考察了不同种类的醇、阳离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂以及非离子表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂不同配比对形成柴油微乳液水增溶量的影响。结果表明：正戊醇为最佳助剂，碳链太长、太短或带支链均不易于形成微乳液；复配体系D0821／AEO3要比D1221／AEO3增溶效果好，与TX-4／AEO3和D0821／TX-4／AEO3体系进行对比，确定D0821／TX-4／AEO3为最佳复配体系，不仅增溶的水量多，成本也大大减少。在m(D0821)：m(TX-4)：m(AEO3)为15：14：21时，最大增溶水的质量分数将近29％，总表面活性剂质量分数6％多，正戊醇质量分数3％多。     

High electrocatalysis of ethylene glycol oxidation based on nickel particles electrodeposited into poly (m-toluidine)/Triton X-100 composite

Poly (m-toluidine) (PMT) was formed by successive cyclic voltammetry in a monomer solution containing Triton X-100 (TX-100) at the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE). Nickel was then incorporated into the polymer by electrodeposition of Ni(II) from NiSO₄ acidic solution. The electrochemical behavior of this modified electrode (Ni/PMT(TX-100)/MCPE) was investigated in the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Among the electrodes [Ni/PMT(TX-100)/MCPE, Ni/PMT/MCPE, Ni/MCPE, PMT(TX-100)/MCPE, and CPE] used in this study, Ni/PMT(TX-100)/MCPE showed the most effective catalytic activity. The effects of various parameters such as film thickness, electrodepositing time, TX-100 concentration, MT concentration, and EG concentration were investigated on the electrocatalytic oxidation of EG at the surface of Ni/PMT(TX-100)/MCPE. The catalytic rate constant (k) for EG oxidation was also calculated to be 2.1 × 10⁶ cm³ mol^?1 s^?1 using a chronoamperometric method.     

Effect of different additives on the phase separation behavior and thermodynamics of p-tert-alkylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) ether in absence and presence of drug

Cloud point(CP) determinations of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol(TX-100(nonionic surfactant)) was carried out in aqueous as well as in the attendance of drug(ceftriaxone sodium trihydrate(CFT))/(CFT + different inorganic salts) and discussed thoroughly. Nonionic surfactants are employed extensively in different formulations. In aqueous solution, the values of CP of TX-100 are obtained to increase by means of enhancing of their concentration in the solution. The CP values of TX-100 solutions were found to decrease in the presence of drug and their values decrease more with rising concentrations of the drug. The values of CP of CFT and TX-100 mixtures were found to further decrease in the attendance of inorganic salts in comparison to their absence. The effect of different sodium salts in decreasing CP values of TX-100 was achieved in the following order: NaCO_3 Na_2SO_4 Na Cl. However, in the case of potassium and ammonium salts, the decreasing order obtained is K_2SO_4 KCO_3 KCl and(NH4)2 SO_4 Na_2CO_3 NH_4Cl respectively. Various thermodynamic parameters for example standard free energy(ΔG_c~Θ), standard enthalpy(ΔH_c~Θ) as well as standard entropy(Δ Sc?)changes of phase separation were also evaluated and discussed in detail on the basis of their behavior.     

Degradation of tricyclazole by colloidal manganese dioxide in the absence and presence of surfactants

The kinetics of the degradation of tricyclazole by water soluble colloidal MnO₂ in acidic medium (HClO₄) has been studied spectrophotometrically in the absence and presence of surfactants. The experiments have been performed under the pseudo-first-order reaction conditions with respect to MnO₂. To determine the rate constant as functions of [tricyclazole], [MnO₂] and [HClO₄], the pseudo-first-order reaction conditions have been maintained throughout the entire kinetic runs. The degradation has been observed to be first-order with respect to MnO₂ while fractional-order in both tricyclazole and HClO₄. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been observed to be ineffective whereas nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100) accelerates the reaction rate. However, the cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) causes flocculation with oppositely charged colloidal MnO₂ and therefore could not be studied further. The catalytic effect of TX-100 has been discussed in the light of the mathematical model proposed by Tuncay et al. [25]. The kinetic data have been exploited to generate the various activation parameters for the oxidative degradation of tricyclazole by colloidal MnO₂.     

Effect of Ionic Liquids on Surface and Aggregation Properties of Non-ionic Surfactant Triton™ X-100 in Aqueous Media

The effect of the hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [bdmim][Br] and 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bromide [hdmim][Br] on the aggregation and surface active behaviour of the non-ionic surfactant Triton? X-100 (TX-100) was studied in aqueous media. Several aggregation properties of TX-100 + IL/water systems, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface active parameters, aggregation number (N _agg) and aggregate size, were determined by surface tension, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. It was found that the average micellar size and aggregation number decrease, whereas the CMC increases with increasing concentration of ILs. Interestingly, the CMC value of TX-100 is reduced slightly below 0.5 wt% of both the ILs in the medium. At higher wt% of IL in the system the CMC increases. It was demonstrated that ILs [bdmim][Br] and [hdmim][Br] can be judiciously used at different wt% for modifying the physico-chemical properties of TX-100.     

Microstructure of Triton X-100/poly (ethylene glycol) complex investigated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer

The microstructure of Triton X-100 (TX-100)/poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) complex has been investigated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), dynamic light scatter (DLS), freeze-fractured transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) and ¹H NMR technology. The nonionic surfactant TX-100 and pyrene are employed as energy donor and acceptor respectively, and the average distance between them is calculated quantitatively in the systems of TX-100/PEG with different molecular weights (MW). The results of FRET study indicate that the presence of PEG leads to the separation of donor and acceptor in TX-100 micelle, suggesting that PEG chains insert into TX-100 micelles making the microstructure of PEG-bound TX-100 aggregates looser than that of free micelles, which is independent of the MW of PEG. However, FF-TEM, DLS and ¹H NMR studies show that the morphology of TX-100/PEG complex depends on the MW of the polymer: PEG with shorter chain (MW < 2000 Da) insert into and wrap around TX-100 micelles and form sphere-like complex, while that with longer chain (MW > 2000 Da) would interact with numbers of TX-100 micelles and form coral-shaped clusters. In addition, the effects of temperature and alcohol on the microstructure of TX-100/PEG complex are studied.     

Influence of Different Additives on the Interaction of Quinolone Antibiotic Drug with Surfactant: Conductivity and Cloud Point Measurement Study

Conductometric and cloud point (CP) measurement studies have been performed to investigate the interaction of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and Triton® X-100 (TX-100) with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH) in different solvents over the temperature range of 295.15–315.15 K. CFH is used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. The observed critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of TTAB were found to be reduced in the presence of electrolytes (Na₂SO₄/Na₃PO₄), and this reduction proceeds with the elevation of salt concentration. The order of the CMC of TTAB follows the trend: > >. The observed CMC values of TTAB were found to increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing concentration of CFH in aqueous medium. The values of Gibbs free energy of micellization () for the TTAB/TTAB + CFH mixture were found to be negative, implying spontaneous micellization. The estimated CP of TX-100 decreases with increasing concentration of TX-100 in aqueous medium. The CP values first decrease with increasing concentration of CFH and then increase at higher concentration of CFH almost in all cases investigated. The values of free energy of clouding were found to be positive in all cases studied implying that phase separation of TX-100 was nonspontaneous. The other thermodynamic parameters associated with the micellization of TTAB and the phase separation of TX-100 were estimated and explained.     

竹红菌乙素在Triton X-100胶束中的光谱性质及增溶效应研究

为了测定竹红菌乙素(HB)在Triton X-100(TX-100)胶束中的光谱性质及增溶情况,采用紫外-可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计得到HB在该体系下的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱,通过HB荧光强度的变化得到增溶情况。在TX-100胶束体系中,竹红菌乙素吸收峰的位置稍有红移且峰型变宽,且荧光发射峰的峰型和峰位均没有大的变化,但最大发射峰强度明显降低。在TX-100胶束的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为58.5μmol·L-1时,HB的最大增溶浓度为50μmol·L-1,得到HB在低浓度TX-100胶束体系中的增溶曲线。该测定方法能够为简单生物模型体系提供一些基础参考数据。     

Electropolymerization of pyrrole in ionic liquid microemulsion

The direct electropolymerization of pyrrole in [BMIM]PF₆ microemulsion was investigated for the first time. The H₂O/TX-100/[BMIM]PF₆ (W/IL), bicontinuous (BC), [BMIM]PF₆/TX-100/H₂O (IL/W) subregions can be used as electrolytes for pyrrole electropolymerization. The use of IL microemulsion remarkably reduces the amount of IL. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements indicated that W/IL microemulsion was the optimal medium and its polymerization rate was the fastest. Compared with molecular solvent system (0.25 mol L⁻¹ [BMIM]PF₆/acetonitrile) and neat [BMIM]PF₆, the resultant films electrodeposited in W/IL microemulsion possessed excellent electrochemical activity and uniform morphology. All the results indicated that the H₂O/TX-100/[BMIM]PF₆ microemulsion as electrolyte medium is the most suitable for electropolymerization of pyrrole. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effect of Various Electrolytes on the Phase Separation and Thermodynamic Properties of p-Tert-Alkylphenoxy Poly (Oxyethylene) Ether in the Absence/Presence of Drugs

Cloud point (CP) measurements of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl-polyethyleneglycol (Triton X-100 (TX-100)) were performed in aqueous solution in the presence of drug Amikacin sulfate (AS)/Neomycin sulfate (NS)/(AS/NS+ different inorganic salts). In aqueous solution, the CP values of TX-100 first decrease with increasing concentration and then increase with increasing surfactant concentration. The CP values of TX-100 solutions were found to increase with the increasing concentration of the AS/NS drug. The CP values of TX-100-AS/NS mixtures were also observed to decrease with the increase of the concentration of salt. Different thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (), standard enthalpy () as well as the standard entropy () change of phase separation were calculated and discussed in relation to molecular interactions.