肥料中硝态氮、铵态氮、总氮的研究

研究仅含硝态氮、铵态氮的肥料,结果表明,用GB/T8572-2010《复混肥料中总氮含量的测定蒸馏后滴定法》检测含有硝态氮、铵态氮的肥料中铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量(差减法总氮含量-铵态氮含量=硝态氮含量)(标准GB/T8572-2010《复混肥料中总氮含量的测定蒸馏后滴定法》中没有体现总氮含量-铵态氮含量=硝态氮含量,这是根据铵态氮与硝态氮性质总结研究出来的)与标准NY/T1116-2014《肥料硝态氮、铵态氮、酰胺态氮含量的测定》单独检测铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量结果无显著性差异。GB/T8572-2010检测总氮含量与SN/T0736.5-2010《进出口化肥检验方法第5部分:氮含量的测定》检测总氮含量无显著性差异。     

烟草专用肥中总氮及铵态氮含量测定方法的探讨

对硝态氮占总氮百分率的测定是由于烟草肥中对氮的来源有特殊的要求所致 ,而国标中并没有此项指标。如何检测硝态氮 ,不同的方法带来不同的误差 ,有些方法根本不适宜采用。烟草肥是以硝酸铵作为氮的来源 ,而尿素则不能作为烟草肥的原料。硝酸铵 (NH4NO3)中氮以铵态氮(NH+4)和硝态氮 (NO-3) 2种形式存在 ,理论上铵态氮和硝态氮各占 5 0 %。要得到硝态氮的含量 ,操作上可分 2步进行 ,先测出总氮 ,再测定铵态氮 ,以总氮减去铵态氮获得硝态氮的含量。大多数复混肥的配料都是以尿素或磷铵等作为氮的来源 ,复混肥料中氮是以铵态氮或酰态氮形式…     

复混肥料中铵态氮的测定

复混肥料中铵态氮的测定李兰（贵州省化工研究院５５０００２）肥料中氮的存在形态主要有铵态、硝态、酰胺态（尿素）、氰氨态、有机氮等，不同形态的氮在测定其含量时，所用的方法不同。很多国家已建立了标准分析方法，我国的复混肥标准主要测定其总氮含量，未分形态测定...     

用AA3型连续流动分析仪测定复混肥料中氨态氮的方法研究

在用AA3型连续流动分析仪测定复混肥料中氨态氮的基础上,对AA3型连续流动分析仪法和国标法测定复混肥料中氨态氮的方法进行了比较研究。结果表明,利用AA3型连续流动分析仪能够准确地测定复混肥料中的氨态氮含量,与国标法的测定结果相比无显著性差异,标准曲线相关系数达0.999 9以上,平均回收率为99.32%~100.23%。     

硝铵锌复混肥总氮分析方法探讨

硝铵锌复混肥中加入尿素提高氮含量 ,需准确分析总氮含量。本文通过试验 ,建立了用二乙酰乙肟比色法测定硝铵锌复混肥中尿素氮含量 ,用甲醛法测定硝铵锌复混肥中的氨态、硝态氮含量 ,由氨态、硝态氮含量和尿素氮含量计算硝铵锌复混肥中的总氮含量的方法 ,此法简便、快速、准确 ,方法的精密度和准确度都较高 ,可用于生产过程控制分析。     

复混肥料中总氮含量的快速测定方法

运用二苯胺试剂定性鉴别硝态氮,并采用凯氏定氮仪对复混肥料中总氮含量进行测定。此方法具有简便快速高效、安全可靠,效果令人满意。     

含硝态氮复混肥中总氮含量测定的探讨

通过试验证明"三步法"测定含硝态氮复混肥中总氮及硝态氮含量是不科学和错误的,并对影响铬粉-盐酸还原法测定含硝态氮复混肥中总氮含量准确度的因素进行了探讨,最终得出结论:采用铬粉-盐酸还原法测定含硝态氮复混肥中总氮时,先加入1/2的铬粉,静置5 min,再加入余下的铬粉,静置5 min后,煮沸3 min,消化时间不超过5 min,这样能够得到较为准确的测定结果。     

应用KJELTEC2300全自动定氮仪测定复混肥料中的总氮

通过应用KJELTEC2300全自动定氮仪测定硫酸铵,回收率达99.4%～100.0%,测定复混肥料样品中的氮含量与国标法相比,差异不显著(p>0.05),表明KJELTEC2300全自动定氮仪能简便、快速、准确地测定大批量复混肥料中的氮。     

复混肥中总氮含量的快速测定方法

运用棕色环法定性鉴别硝态氮,并采用半微量定氮装置对复混肥中总氮含量进行测定,具有准确度高、平行性好等优点,效率为国标检测方法的5倍,能快速准确出具结果.     

抑制剂生产长效复混（合）肥工艺技术

阐述在复混肥中加入抑制脲酶和(亚)硝化细菌活性的抑制剂,可控制铵态氮、硝态氮转化为N2O、N2造成的氮损失,从而提高氮利用率8%～12%,氮、磷、钾的综合利用率提高17%～25%。抑制剂加入量为复混肥量的1%～1.5%。介绍复混肥不同加工方法,如何加入抑制剂,并简单说明长效复混肥所增加的成本(18～20元/t产品)及带来的经济效益。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.