不同加工工艺对高强高塑性TWIP钢组织与性能的影响

采用三种工艺对成分为25Mn-3Si-3Al的TWIP钢进行了试制，并对轧后钢板的组织性能进行了对比分析。结果表明，轧制后退火处理钢板的室温组织为奥氏体基体中存在大量的退火孪晶，在拉伸变形中形成的形变孪晶使产品获得了高强度、高塑性。     

退火温度对Fe-Mn-Al-C钢组织和拉伸性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、TEM和拉伸试验等手段研究了退火温度对Fe-19Mn-2Al-0.6C钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,退火后试验钢的基体组织为奥氏体。由于回复再结晶的完成程度不同,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸先减小再增大。同时,退火孪晶的数量逐渐增加,抗拉强度持续降低,但总伸长率先升高然后降低。当施加一定的外部载荷时,在变形过程中会产生大量的变形孪晶和位错。高密度位错在晶界或孪晶界处的缠绕和塞积阻碍了位错的进一步运动。一次孪晶和二次孪生的交割产生的动态Hall-Petch效应,以及位错和孪晶的相互作用共同导致试验钢的高加工硬化能力。Fe-19Mn-2Al-0.6C钢获得最佳综合力学性能的退火温度约为900 ℃,其抗拉强度为947.61 MPa,强塑积为49.30 GPa·%,伸长率为52.03%。     

Fe-Mn TWIP钢退火态的微观结构特征

通过金相显微镜和透射电镜分析研究了退火态TWIP钢的微观结构特征.结果表明,经过600 ℃退火10 min后钢中存在冷轧的纳米级变形孪晶及少量位错;分别在700、800、900和1000℃退火10 min后,发现退火温度决定了退火孪晶的尺寸:随退火温度升高,退火孪晶尺寸增大.退火孪晶仅有少量在再结晶过程中产生,而大量的退火孪晶在再结晶结束后的晶粒长大过程中生成并长大.退火孪晶尺寸的大小影响了TWIP钢的力学性能,孪晶尺寸为2～5 μm时,试验钢表现出高强度,此时抗拉强度可达840 MPa;孪晶尺寸为30～50 μm时,试验钢表现出高的伸长率,可达到84.0%,表现出充分的TWIP效应.     

退火工艺对TWIP钢显微组织的影响

对特定成分的TWIP钢进行不同的退火处理,用金相、透射电镜对其拉伸变形前后的组织进行观察和分析.结果表明:退火后有退火孪晶和大量的层错存在,而且随温度的升高,晶粒尺寸变大、孪晶的数量和层错密度也随晶粒尺寸的增加而增大;此外孪晶移动到边界处会受到阻碍,形成非共格的孪晶界面.     

不同热处理工艺对Fe-30Mn-3Si-4AlTWIP钢力学组织性能的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究了不同热处理工艺对Fe-30Mn-3Si-4AlTWIP钢微观组织、拉伸力学性能及断口形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪测定材料的物相组成。结果表明,冷却速度越快,TWIP钢的延伸率和强度越高;热处理后其室温组织为含有退火孪晶的单一奥氏体,冷却速度越小,奥氏体晶粒和退火孪晶的尺寸越大。拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂,在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使材料的塑性提高。     

TWIP钢的组织与力学性能研究

采用金相、静态拉伸试验方法研究了5种不同锰含量的TWIP钢的组织和力学性能。结果表明,5种钢的屈服强度随应变率的增大而提高,最大屈服强度可达280MPa;抗拉强度随应变率的增大而略有降低,最高抗拉强度超过1000MPa;1#钢的断裂延伸率和强塑积随应变率的增大而提高,其它4种成分钢的断裂延伸率和强塑积随应变率的增大而减小。1#钢只具形变诱发马氏体相变,不出现孪晶;而2#-5#钢具TWIP效应,其中3#钢的最大延伸率可达75%,强塑积最高可达45000MPa（%）。TWIP钢拉伸前组织中有退火孪晶,变形过程中产生大量的形变孪晶,孪晶诱导塑性,从而推迟了颈缩的产生,导致很高的均匀变形能力。     

退火温度对TWIP钢组织性能和氢致脆性的影响

采用电化学结合低应变速率拉伸实验(SSRT)的方法和OM、SEM等手段研究了退火温度对Fe-18Mn-0.6C TWIP钢充氢条件下力学性能和变形行为的影响,并探讨了各类微观组织结构对氢致脆性的作用。结果表明,TWIP钢晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高逐渐增大,700℃退火板晶界处容易观察到(Fe, Mn)3C渗碳体。900℃退火获得的中等尺寸均匀晶粒的TWIP钢具有最高的强塑积。在电化学充氢和SSRT同时进行下,TWIP钢的强度和塑性大幅下降,随退火温度的升高,强塑积损失率(R)呈增大趋势。高温退火得到的大尺寸晶粒在变形中更容易产生形变孪晶,孪晶/孪晶交叉位置和孪晶/晶界交叉位置是氢致裂纹的主要来源。尽管相对低温退火得到大尺寸晶粒和界面处层错能(SFE)变化使TWIP钢在变形中不容易产生形变孪晶,但其局部粗大的碳化物与形变孪晶间产生的应力集中处极易形成空位,演化成裂纹源,使相对低温退火的TWIP钢本身塑性不高。低于800℃退火对TWIP钢提高氢脆抵抗力没有明显作用。     

固溶处理对TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

用拉伸试验、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究固溶温度和时间对TWIP钢微观组织、拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪测定材料的物相组成。结果表明,固溶温度和时间对TWIP钢塑性的影响程度明显大于强度,伸长率最佳的固溶处理工艺为1000~1050℃固溶60 min。随固溶温度的升高和固溶时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒长大,退火孪晶数量和退火孪晶界面积增加。拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂,拉伸前的组织为伴有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体,在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使TWIP钢的塑性提高。     

汽车用TWIP钢的探索研究

采用金相组织观察与X射线衍射等方法对5种不同Mn含量的TWIP钢拉伸前后的组织进行了研究.结果表明,淬火态Fe-15Mn-3Si-3Al钢存在条状分布的马氏体;Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al、Fe-30Mn-3Si-3Al、Fe-33Mn-3Si-3Al钢在淬火与退火两种热处理工艺下均能获得淬火态奥氏体和退火孪晶组织,淬火态的奥氏体晶粒更细小;母相奥氏体影响形变孪晶形貌与分布,均匀分布的细小孪晶导致优异的力学性能,随着Mn含量的增高,母相奥氏体尺寸逐步增加,形变孪晶层片逐渐增厚且分布不均匀;Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al钢具有优异的力学性能.     

高氮奥氏体钢低温断裂途径与断口形貌

用扫描电子显微镜对18Cr-18Mn-0.7N高氮奥氏体钢低温断裂途径进行了观察。证实该钢低温脆断中裂纹既可穿晶扩展又可沿晶界和退火孪晶界扩展。仔细观察发现裂纹更容易在晶界和退火孪晶界形成并沿这些晶界扩展，对断面与侧面组织的双面观察表明，退火孪晶界断裂，沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂分别形成光滑平面状断裂刻面，光滑曲面状断裂刻面和粗糙不平的断裂刻面。     

Si、Mn元素对奥氏体不锈钢微观组织和拉伸性能的影响

为提高奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性,合金中可同时加入Si、Mn元素,提高合金氧化膜形成能力,同时增加奥氏体基体稳定性,但Si、Mn的添加还能够对合金的冷变形组织和力学性能产生影响。本研究设计了不同硅、锰含量的奥氏体不锈钢,采用SEM、EPMA以及TEM等方法表征合金显微组织形貌,采用室温拉伸分析合金的力学性能。结果表明,Si质量分数由1.0%提高至2.0%,20%冷变形合金组织中变形孪晶体积分数由4.98%增加至8.33%,合金屈服强度由620 MPa提高至682 MPa,延伸率基本保持不变;Mn质量分数由1.5%提高至2.0%,变形孪晶体积分数由8.33%减少至7.22%,屈服强度由682 MPa降低至627 MPa,延伸率由16.0%增加至21.3%;添加Si元素,合金中孪晶数量增加,合金强度提高并保持塑性;添加Mn元素,合金中孪晶数量减少,强度降低塑性增强。     

Influence of Cold Rolling Reduction on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TWIP Steel

The influence of cold rolling reduction on microstructure and mechanical properties of the TWIP (ttwinning induced plasticity) steel was investigated. The results indicated that the steel had better comprehensive mechanical properties when cold rolling reduction was about 65.0% and the annealing temperature was 1000℃. The tensile strength of the steel is about 640MPa and the yield strength is higher than 255MPa, while the elongation is above 82%. The microstructure is composed of austenitic matrix and annealing twins at room temperature, at the same time, a significant amount of annealing twins and stacking faults are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical twins play a dominant role during deformation, and result in excellent mechanical properties.     

Effect of Manganese Content on Tensile Deformation Behavior of Fe-Mn-C TWIP SteelsEI北大核心CSCD

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels exhibit excellent mechanical properties including high tensile strength and good plasticity owing to their high strain-hardening rate. The high strain-hardening rate results mainly from deformation twinning; in addition, plane slip and dynamic strain ageing also have some contribution to strain-hardening rate. Until now, the influences of some alloy elements such as C, Al and Si on tensile properties of Fe-Mn-C based TWIP steels have received much attention. However, the effect of Mn content on the microstructure and tensile properties of twinning-dominated Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels is still not clear. In this work, the microstructure, tensile properties and strain hardening behavior of two Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels (Fe-13Mn-1.0C and Fe-22Mn-1.0C, mass fraction, %) were studied by using OM, TEM, SEM-EBSD and monotonic tensile tests. The results show that the yield and tensile strengths of the steel decrease while the elongation to fracture increases with the increase of Mn content. At low tensile strains, the increase of Mn content delays the formation of deformation twins. However, at higher strain level, the deformation twinning rate becomes higher and hence more deformation twins are produced in the steel with higher Mn content than that in the steel with lower Mn content. Furthermore, the thickness of deformation twins increases with increasing the Mn content. The twinning and tensile deformation behavior in the two steels are also discussed.     

应变速率对低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢组织演变和力学行为的影响

研究了Fe-18Mn低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢在应变速率范围为1.67×10^-4-10³s^-1的室温拉伸实验过程中力学性能和组织的变化.在准静态拉伸应变速率范围内(1.67×10^-4-1.67×10^-1s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的抗拉强度产生逆效应,随着应变速率的加快,抗拉强度和延伸率都降低;而在动态拉伸应变速率范围内(10¹-10³s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的延伸率产生逆效应,抗拉强度和延伸率都随着应变速率的加快而增加;在应变速率为10³s^-1时,高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢抗拉强度可达到957 MPa,延伸率达到55.8%,具有较好的综合力学性能;随着应变速率的提高,马氏体转变量减少,孪生变形向多个方向发展.采用SEM,TEM和XRD等方法对变形前后的组织进行了分析,在所有应变速率范围内的拉伸变形过程中都产生了奥氏体向马氏体转变和形变孪晶,并且在应变速率为10³s^-1的高速拉伸过程中产生绝热温升效应,使得基体软化.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Mn-CONTAINING TiAI ALLOYS

The microstructure of Ti-33wt-％ Al-(1.6-4.5)wt-％ Mn alloys are composed ofγ+α_2 phases,but the volume of x_2-phase is a little.Mn alloying decreases the latticeparameters a and c of γ-phase and the c/a ratio becomes nearly to one,because the atomicradius of Mn is less than the atomic radius of Ti or Al.Mn alloying promotes the formation oftwins in γ-phase and increases the ability of plastic deformation of TiAl alloys at room tem-perature.     

Influence of Mn and Cu addition on the hyperfine parameters of amorphous and nanocrystalline FeCoNbB alloys

The effects of Cu and Mn addition on the hyperfine field of FeCoNbB HITPERM alloys are discussed from Mössbauer spectrometry. Amorphous and nanocrystalline samples at different stages of the nanocrystallization were studied. The effect of Cu addition correlates with the observed refinement of the microstructure. Mn mainly partitions to the matrix, decreasing the average hyperfine field of the amorphous matrix, although some Mn remains in the nanocrystalline grains, presumably, in a concentration below the maximum solubility of Mn in -Fe.     

Microstructure and Phase Transformation Behavior of a Stress-Assisted Heat-Treated Ti-Rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

In this study, the effects of stress-assisted heat treatment on the microstructure and phase transformation of a Ti-rich (Ti-49.52 at.% Ni) shape memory alloy were investigated. For this purpose, the alloy was heat treated at temperature of 500 °C for 10 h under applied stresses of 100 and 200 MPa. XRD, TEM, and repeated thermal cycling were employed to study the microstructure and transformation behavior of the heat-treated materials. Room temperature XRD diffractogram of the stress-free heat-treated material showed a weak reflection of austenite (B2), while that for the stress-assisted heat-treated materials had a high intensity implying the presence of residual austenite in the microstructure. TEM observations confirmed the presence of residual austenite and revealed mechanical twins as another constituent of the microstructure in the stress-assisted heat-treated materials. Moreover, with increasing the value of applied stress the size of mechanical twins was increased and a high density of structural defects was observed at the interfaces of the twins. DSC results demonstrated two-stage transformation in the initial cycles of transformation in the stress-assisted heat-treated material. After about eight cycles of transformation, the two-stage transformation has vanished, and a single-stage transformation remained up to 100 cycles. It was suggested that the accommodation of stresses at Ti₂Ni/matrix interface provides a suitable condition for local transformation of B2 to B19′ that is manifested by a two-stage phase transformation. Introduction of structural defects during repeated thermal cycling may counteract the stress field at Ti₂Ni/matrix interface leading to a single-stage transformation.     

16Mn钢表面组织超细化研究

利用表面机械研磨方法对16Mn钢进行了表面组织超细化处理，利用TEM分析研究了样品表面的微观组织形貌．并测试了沿厚度方向的硬度变化。结果表明，16Mn钢经表面机械研磨处理后，其表层组织得到了细化，由表及里依次为纳米和亚微米级晶粒、微米级晶粒和正常基体；硬度沿厚度方向逐渐减小，且表层硬度远远高于内部基体的硬度。     

ON THE M_7C_3 IN Cr27 CAST IRON

Determination of(Fe,Cr)_7C_3 in Cr27 cast iron results about 30 v.-%.Minor Si and Mn arepresent.Sectional area of the M_7C_3 grains is 1—50μm~2.Combining matrix analysis of elec-tron diffraction pattern with calculated angle between plane traces,{011}twins and also{013}twins producing local environment for Ru_7B_3 are observed in the orthorhombic M_7C_3.A crystallographic model for M_7C_3 is proposed.     

On the mechanism of twin formation in Fe–Mn–C TWIP steels

Although it is well known that Fe–Mn–C TWIP steels exhibit high work-hardening rates, the elementary twinning mechanisms controlling the plastic deformation of these steels have still not been characterized. The aim of the present study is to analyse the extended defects related to the twinning occurrence using transmission electron microscopy. Based on these observations, the very early stage of twin nucleation can be attributed to the pole mechanism with deviation proposed by Cohen and Weertman or to the model of Miura, Takamura and Narita, while the twin growth is controlled by the pole mechanism proposed by Venables. High densities of sessile Frank dislocations are observed within the twins at the early stage of deformation, which can affect the growth and the stability of the twins, but also the strength of these twins and their interactions with the gliding dislocations present in the matrix. This experimental evidence is discussed and compared to recent results in order to relate the defects analysis to the macroscopic behaviour of this category of material.