AN EVALUATION OF OIL PRODUCED FROM ASPHALT RID (UTAH) TAB SAND AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT AND TURBINE FUELS

Abstract

In this article an evaluation is made of the potential end uses of an oil produced from Asphalt Ridge tar sand by wet forward combustion. The oil is evaluated with respect to its potential to produce a specification-grade asphalt and aviation turbine fuels. To accomplish this the oil was vacuum distilled to produce a distillate and a residue. The distillation residue meets all of the ASTM D 3381 Table 1 specification tests for an AC-10 asphalt. However, the viscosity at 135°C (275°F) is low when compared with the more stringent D 3381 Table 2 requirements. This indicates that the residue has a higher temperature susceptibility than allowed for by Table 2. The residue also has an unusually low aging index. This indicates that it may not set properly. However, it may also mean that it may be resistant to rapid age hardening. The results from successive freeze-thaw cycling indicate that the residue, when coated on appropriate aggregates, is comparable to or better than some petroleum asphalts coated on the same aggregates. Freeze-thaw cycling to failure is an indirect measure of the resistance of an asphalt-aggregate mixture to moisture-induced loss of strength

The distillate of the thermally-produced oil which represents about 50 wt % of the whole oil was also evaluated as a feedstock for the production of transportation fuels. The chemical and physical properties of the distillate are improved with respect to those of the original bitumen and the thermally-produced oil. Combined gas chromatographic/mass spectral analysis of the neutral fraction from the distillate indicates it is composed of predominantly aromatic structures. The aromatic structures are primarily of the 2- and 3-     

AN EVALUATION OF ASPHALT RIDGE (UTHA) TAR SAND BITUMEN AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT AND TURBINE FUELS

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was to produce vacuum distillation residues and determine if their properties met ASTM asphalt specifications. The second was to determine if the distillates could serve as potential feedstocks for the production of aviation turbine fuels. The bitumen used for this study was the oil produced during an in situ steamflood project at the Northwest Asphalt Ridge (Utah) tar sand deposit.

Two distillation residues were produced, one at +316 °C (+600°C)and one at +399°C (+750°F). However, only the lower boiling residue met ASTM specifications, in this case, as an AC-30 asphalt. The original oil sample met specifications as an AC-5 asphalt. These residue samples exhibited some unique properties with respect to aging. It is suggested that the low aging indexes and high flow properties of the samples may be beneficial for pavements that require good low-temperature performance.

Two distillate samples were produced, one at IBP-316°C (IBP-600°F) and one at IBP-399°C (IBP-750°F). The chemical and physical properties of these samples were determined, and it was concluded that both samples appear to be potential feedstocks for the production of conventional and high-density aviation turbine fuels.     

AN EVALUATION OF ASPHALT RIDGE (UTHA) TAR SAND BITUMEN AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT AND TURBINE FUELS

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was to produce vacuum distillation residues and determine if their properties met ASTM asphalt specifications. The second was to determine if the distillates could serve as potential feedstocks for the production of aviation turbine fuels. The bitumen used for this study was the oil produced during an in situ steamflood project at the Northwest Asphalt Ridge (Utah) tar sand deposit.

Two distillation residues were produced, one at +316 °C (+600°C)and one at +399°C (+750°F). However, only the lower boiling residue met ASTM specifications, in this case, as an AC-30 asphalt. The original oil sample met specifications as an AC-5 asphalt. These residue samples exhibited some unique properties with respect to aging. It is suggested that the low aging indexes and high flow properties of the samples may be beneficial for pavements that require good low-temperature performance.

Two distillate samples were produced, one at IBP-316°C (IBP-600°F) and one at IBP-399°C (IBP-750°F). The chemical and physical properties of these samples were determined, and it was concluded that both samples appear to be potential feedstocks for the production of conventional and high-density aviation turbine fuels.     

EVALUATION OF AN EASTERN SHALE OIL RESIDUE AS AN ASPHALT ADDITIVE

An evaluation of eastern shale oil (ESO) residue as an asphalt additive to reduce oxidative age-hardening and moisture susceptibility was conducted. The ESO residue, having a viscosity of 23.9 Pa"s at 60°C (140°F) was blended with three different petroleum-derived asphalts, AAD-1, AAK-1, and AAM-1, that are known to be very susceptible to oxidative aging. Rheological and infrared analyses of the unaged and aged asphalts and the blends were then conducted to evaluate oxidative age-hardening. In addition, the petroleum-derived asphalts and the blends were coated onto three different aggregates, Lithonia granite (RA) a low-absorption limestone (RD) and a silicious Gulf Coast gravel (RL) and compacted into briquets. Successive freeze-thaw cycling was then conducted to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of the prepared briquets. The abbreviations used above for the asphalts and the aggregates are part of the Strategic Highway Research Program nomenclature.

The rheological analyses of the unaged petroleum-derived asphalts and their respective blends indicate that the samples satisfy the rutting requirement. However, the aging indexes for the RTFO-aged and RTFO/PAV-aged samples indicate that the blends are stiffer than the petroleum-derived asphalts. This means that when in service the blends will be more prone to pavement embrittlement and fatigue cracking than the petroleum-derived asphalts. Infrared analyses were also conducted on the three petroleum-derived asphalts and the blends before and after RTFO/PAV aging.     

THE STUDY OF PRODUCING HEAVY TRAFFIC ASPHALT BY USING THE HIGH VISCOUS CRUDE FROM NO.l SHUGUANG ZONE OF LIAOHE OIL FIELD

The characteristics of the high viscous crude from No. 1 Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field are similar to those of residue distillates of general crude such as high density(ρ ₂₀=0·9977 g.cm^-3),high viscidity υ ₁₀₀= 1223·9 mm².s-¹) and high carbon/hydrogen ratio. This oil contains less wax, but rich in resin and asphalt, which belongs to low sulfur naphthene-base crude oil and can be used as feedstock to produce high paving asphalt. But now it is used as fuel after emulsificating. In order to make full use of this oil and resolve the problem of paving asphalt demand-supply, various paving asphalts conforming to GB50092-96 standard were produced by blending vacuum residue of the high viscous crude from No.l Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field and waste oil which is rich in aromatics and poor in wax. The laboratory test results show that modified paving asphalts have good low-temperature properties and antiaging feature.     

南阳减压渣油生产道路沥青的研究

针对南阳石蜡基原油其减压渣油不符合道路沥青标准要求,减压渣油经溶剂脱沥青后,也不能直接生产出合格的道路沥青的情况,利用减压渣油中掺入部分催化裂化油浆,经溶剂脱沥青可使脱油沥青的质量得到明显改善,当掺入的油浆量达到适当比例时,利用溶剂脱沥青工艺,可直接生产出各种牌号的道路沥青,并且利用溶剂脱沥青得到的高软化点脱油沥青与糠醛抽出油进行调合,也可以生产出合格的道路沥青。     

南阳渣油溶剂脱沥青生产道路沥青的研究

南阳减压油属典型的高含蜡渣油,南阳减压渣油溶剂脱沥青可以获得较高收率的优质脱肝油作为催化裂化原料,但脱油沥青只能掺竞为燃料油,不能生产合格道路沥青高在一定程度上制约了溶剂脱沥青工艺的应用,脱油沥青生产合格道路沥青是提高脱油沥青价值的有效方案,本研究对南阳渣油溶剂脱沥青生产道路沥青的技术方案进行了研究,究结果表明,通过采用本研究的技术方案,南阳渣油溶剂脱沥青的脱油沥青可以生产出满足要求的合格道路沥青     

进口原油减压渣油生产优质建筑沥青试验

用沙中、科威特,阿曼及阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油,进行了用各种氧化工艺条件生产优质建筑沥青的试验,试验结果表明,沙中、科威特减压渣油通过氧化可生产出符合GB/G494-1998标准的10号建筑沥青,用阿曼和75%阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油可生产出10号、30号,40号优质建筑沥青。     

EVALUATION OF AN EASTERN SHALE OIL RESIDUE AS AN ASPHALT ADDITIVE

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of eastern shale oil (ESO) residue as an asphalt additive to reduce oxidative age-hardening and moisture susceptibility was conducted. The ESO residue, having a viscosity of 23.9 Pa"s at 60°C (140°F) was blended with three different petroleum-derived asphalts, AAD-1, AAK-1, and AAM-1, that are known to be very susceptible to oxidative aging. Rheological and infrared analyses of the unaged and aged asphalts and the blends were then conducted to evaluate oxidative age-hardening. In addition, the petroleum-derived asphalts and the blends were coated onto three different aggregates, Lithonia granite (RA) a low-absorption limestone (RD) and a silicious Gulf Coast gravel (RL) and compacted into briquets. Successive freeze-thaw cycling was then conducted to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of the prepared briquets. The abbreviations used above for the asphalts and the aggregates are part of the Strategic Highway Research Program nomenclature.

The rheological analyses of the unaged petroleum-derived asphalts and their respective blends indicate that the samples satisfy the rutting requirement. However, the aging indexes for the RTFO-aged and RTFO/PAV-aged samples indicate that the blends are stiffer than the petroleum-derived asphalts. This means that when in service the blends will be more prone to pavement embrittlement and fatigue cracking than the petroleum-derived asphalts. Infrared analyses were also conducted on the three petroleum-derived asphalts and the blends before and after RTFO/PAV aging.     

减压渣油掺沥青减粘裂化工业试验

为了扩大减粘裂化装置的原料来源,解决脱油沥青的出路问题,进行了减压渣油掺沥青减粘裂化的实验室及工业应用试验,并对原０．４０ Ｍｔ／ａ减粘裂化装置进行了改造。试验采用大庆和涠洲混合减压渣油,掺入３０％和５０％的大庆丙烷脱油沥青,并在掺炼５０％沥青时加入４％～８％的高芳烃组分。工业试生产结果表明掺炼沥青后产品质量和能耗均达到改造设计要求,高芳烃组分有抑制结焦的作用,同时可提高沥青掺入量,减粘裂化装置掺炼沥青可取得良好的经济效益。     

COMPOSITIONAL EVALUATION OF ASPHALT BINDER RECYCLING AGENTS

The results presented here indicate that it is possible to produce a high quality binder from hardened recycled asphalt by blending with recycling agents. The properties are presented in terms of Superpave grade and the hardening susceptibility (HS) which is defined as the slope of log viscosity versus infrared measured carbonyl area.

First it is shown that the effect of blending aged binder with aromatic agents is to decrease the HS in rough proportion to the amount of aromatic added and this is only slightly dependent on the aromatic source. The presence of saturates in the agent increases the HS. Using an AC-10 asphalt as the softening agent produced much higher HS values. Adding increasing amounts of aromatic agents on the other hand worsens the Superpave performance grade span. The addition of saturates to the agents has little effect on the span but shifts the span to lower temperature. Though increasing amounts of aromatic agents tended to decrease the grade span, in most instances the span was equal to that produced by blending the aged binder with the AC-10. The hardening susceptibility of the aromatic blends was better than that of the AC-10 blends and better even than the original asphalt.     

COMPOSITIONAL EVALUATION OF ASPHALT BINDER RECYCLING AGENTS

ABSTRACT

The results presented here indicate that it is possible to produce a high quality binder from hardened recycled asphalt by blending with recycling agents. The properties are presented in terms of Superpave grade and the hardening susceptibility (HS) which is defined as the slope of log viscosity versus infrared measured carbonyl area.

First it is shown that the effect of blending aged binder with aromatic agents is to decrease the HS in rough proportion to the amount of aromatic added and this is only slightly dependent on the aromatic source. The presence of saturates in the agent increases the HS. Using an AC-10 asphalt as the softening agent produced much higher HS values. Adding increasing amounts of aromatic agents on the other hand worsens the Superpave performance grade span. The addition of saturates to the agents has little effect on the span but shifts the span to lower temperature. Though increasing amounts of aromatic agents tended to decrease the grade span, in most instances the span was equal to that produced by blending the aged binder with the AC-10. The hardening susceptibility of the aromatic blends was better than that of the AC-10 blends and better even than the original asphalt.     

渣油与废道路沥青共延迟焦化效果研究

利用由结构导向集总新方法构建的延迟焦化动力学模型计算了渣油掺炼废道路沥青的共焦化效果。结果表明,废道路沥青能够作为延迟焦化掺炼原料。小试试验表明,在470 ℃,0.15 MPa,零循环比条件下,80%渣油和20%废道路沥青共焦化比80%渣油焦化气体收率增加2.3百分点,液体收率提高2.91百分点,焦炭收率增加14.79百分点。通过焦化产物性质对比和经济性估算证实,废道路沥青作为延迟焦化掺炼原料是其再利用的一条新途径。     

油浆调合沥青SBS改性研究

催化裂化油浆富含芳香分,是理想的道路沥青调合组分。以SBS为改性剂、油浆和渣油调合沥青作为基质沥青制备SBS改性沥青,利用FCC油浆蒸馏所得馏分油作为相容剂对SBS进行预溶胀,同时利用蒸馏所得的残油调节改性沥青的针入度,并对油浆调合SBS改性沥青的性能进行评价。结果表明：催化裂化油浆蒸馏馏分油对SBS具有较好的溶胀能力,经过溶胀后SBS的分散性能显著改善,直接利用机械搅拌即可获得分散均匀、储存稳定的SBS改性沥青;当SBS用量为4.5%（w）时,油浆与渣油的调合沥青通过机械搅拌工艺可制备出符合JTG F40—2004标准的SBS改性沥青。     

生产道路沥青的一种新工艺的试验研究

对一种用延迟减粘和减压蒸馏相结合生产道路沥青新工艺进行了研究。实验室放大试验表明，三种不同的减渣原料都能得到合格的６０号甲沥青，并产有约２０％的减压馏分油，以试验结果为基础，对其技术特征、工业化可行性及应用前景进行了探讨。     

脱油沥青减粘裂化的技术开发及工业应用

论述了以脱油沥青为原料的减粘裂化新工艺。试验发现用脱油沥青生产高质量的道路沥青比较困难。脱油沥青中掺人催化裂化油浆后进行减粘裂化,可直接生产出合格的燃料油。洛阳分公司减粘裂化装置设计合理,工艺先进,运行平稳,产品质量合格,使整个炼油综合商品率和能耗有明显的优化。     

STUDIES ON SLUDGE FROM STORAGE TANK OF WAXY CRUDE OIL PART - I : STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF DISTILLATE FRACTIONS

Tank bottom sludge from storage tanks of Bombay High crude oil deposited during ten years have been studied. The yield of the sludge is approximately 0.1% wt. of the crude oil through-put. The residue boiling above 500°C amounts to over 50%. The distillate fractions collected at 50°C intervals have been analysed extensively and compared to fractions from whole crude of same boiling range. The sludge distillate are distinctly more paraffinic in nature.     

AN INVESTIGATION OF OXIDATIVE CURING ON THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH CURE ASPHALT RUBBER

Air blowing is combined with high temperature-high shear mixing to produce a high cure asphalt rubber that differs in several important ways from conventional asphalt rubber material. It has excellent grade-span, good settling properties and low high-temperature 135°C (275°F) viscosity, important characteristics for easy use as a binder in dense-graded mixes. These properties are related to curing conditions, rubber mesh and asphalt composition. The grade span is very dependent on asphalt composition and the extent of air oxidation but relatively insensitive to other curing variables and to mesh size. Settling is dependent on the extent of oxidation, original mesh size and the degree of high shear mixing.     

一种改善沥青质量的新途径

把催化裂化油浆作为强化剂加入沥青中或渣油中，再进行减压蒸馏，把饱和的对沥青质量不利的组分蒸出，而把对沥青有利的组分留在沥青中，以达到改善沥青的化学组成及配伍性的目的。     

临商原油利用蒸馏——溶剂脱沥青过程生产道路沥青

临商原油本属于不适合于生产沥青的原油（Ａ＋Ｒ－２．５Ｐ≤－１５），在石蜡含量高的临南原油混入其中后，使得道路沥青的生产更加困难；采取了提高减压拔出深度，改变渣油组成，改变溶剂脱沥青操作参数等措施，使道路沥青质量得到改善。