糖蜜的应用研究进展

阐述了制糖下脚料糖蜜的应用研究进展,主要介绍了糖蜜的直接应用、发酵应用及改性应用研究。展望了改性糖蜜的应用研究前景。     

填料在建筑涂料中的应用及其发展

介绍了我国建筑涂料用填料的开发应用情况。填料在建筑涂料中的应用近年来获得了很大的技术进步,例如开发应用了新型填料、增加了填料品种、扩展了一些填料的应用范围、提高了涂料的应用性能。     

人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用

介绍了人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用，讨论了应用中的优点和局限性，预示了其应用的发展前景。     

计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用分析

本文对计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用进行了探讨,文章从阐述计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的意义入手,进一步分析了工程项目管理中存在的问题,最后研究了计算机应用技术在工程项目管理中的应用策略。     

空心玻璃微珠的应用研究现状

文章综述了近年来空心玻璃微珠的应用研究进展,包括在复合材料、石油化工、航天航空、涂料、医药等领域的应用情况。改性后的空心玻璃微珠可应用电磁屏蔽和吸波材料的制备,拓宽了其应用范围,并分析了其应用前景。     

进一步提高国产可控硅整流器的应用水平

分析了国产可控硅整流器的应用现状,指出了其应用中的不足,提出了进一步提高应用水平的见解。     

某特种功能涂料的工程化应用研究

针对某特种功能涂料工程化应用需要,从工程化施工工艺参数、工程环境下涂层固化条件、配套底漆的适用性以及综合环境可靠性试验等方面进行了研究;通过工程化应用研究,确定了在实际工程应用过程中的喷涂工艺参数以及实际工程使用环境中的涂层固化干燥方式,检验了工程底漆配套性,最后通过一系列工程应用可靠性考核,保证了该特种功能涂料在工程批量应用上的可靠性,为大批量的工程化应用奠定了良好的基础.     

微波技术在水处理领域的应用

对当前微波辐射技术在水处理领域的应用和研究状况进行了综述,着重介绍了微波加热原理与特点及在水处理领域的应用,讨论了应用中存在的一些问题,并展望了微波技术在水处理领域的应用前景。     

防腐涂料在石油化工领域的应用

针对防腐涂料在石油化工中的应用进行分析,简单概述了防腐涂料在石油化工中应用,提出了应用过程中的几点问题。最后,总结了不同防腐涂料在石油化工行业中的应用特点和优势所在。     

试论变压器的发展和玻璃纤维制品在干式变压器中的应用

介绍了变压器的发展概况及干式变压器的特点、应用及存在的问题以及玻璃纤维及其制品在干式变压器中的应用概况及应用要求,尤其是应用玻璃纤维毡解决了干式变压器开裂问题,缩小了干式变压器的体积,节省了原料,也降低了成本,推动了干式变压器技术的发展和应用范围的扩大。     

Evaluation of surfactant-aided degumming of vegetable oils by membrane technology

The first step in the process of vegetable oil refining is degumming, in which phospholipids and mucilaginous gums are removed that otherwise result in a low-grade oil. A membrane process is remarkably simple yet potentially offers many advantages in degumming. Studies were conducted on surfactant-aided membrane degumming with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically stirred flat membrane batch cell with different types of microfiltration membranes. The reduction of phospholipids in soybean oil was in the range of 85.8–92.8% during the membrane process. The phosphorus content of membrane permeates of soybean oil was in the range of 20–58 mg/kg. Crude rapeseed oil contained higher amount of nonhydratable phospholipids and hence resulted in lower reduction in phospholipids, in the range of 66.4–83.2%. Addition of hydratable phospholipids could improve the efficiency of degumming in the membrane process without using any electrolyte, resulting in improvement of quality as well as quantity of the phospholipids.     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高，其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中，研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象，关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效，而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程，再到生物炭的老化，逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述，并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望，为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明，污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素，且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加，在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少，油中先增后减，气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下，气相中的氮含量高于固相，而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明，污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

Drying characteristics of porous material immersed in a bed of hygroscopic porous particles fluidized under reduced pressure

A relatively large wet material was immersed in a fluidized bed of hygroscopic porous particle (silica gel beads) under reduced pressure. And then the drying characteristics were compared with those in the case of inert particle (glass beads). The comparison of drying characteristics is performed experimentally and theoretically. In calculation, the water transfer from the sample to the fluidized bed was considered. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The effects of the operational conditions (the pressure in the drying chamber and the temperature of the drying gas) on the drying characteristics were also examined in both fluidizing particles.The drying finishes earlier in the case of hygroscopic porous particle than in the case of inert particle regardless of pressure in the drying chamber, since the water transfer from the sample facilitates the drying in the case of hygroscopic porous particles. The temperature decrement in drying appears in the case of inert particle. This phenomenon is also observed in the case of hygroscopic porous particle, but the decrement degree of the temperature is much smaller than that in the case of inert particle. The difference of the minimum temperature in the sample in drying between the cases of hygroscopic porous particle and inert particle is very slight for different pressures in the drying chamber.     

Defoliation Affects Chemical Defenses in All Plant Parts of Rye Seedlings

The effect of defoliation and consecutive defoliation (condefoliation) of rye seedlings on the allocation patterns of biomass and hydroxamic acids (Hx) was evaluated five days after treatment. Growth of condefoliated seedlings was lower than that of defoliated and nondefoliated ones. Concentration of Hx decreased in shoots of condefoliated seedlings compared to nondefoliated ones, while concentration of Hx in root exudates increased. Allocation of Hx to roots and root exudates increased at the expense of allocation to the shoots in condefoliated seedlings. The ratio of Hx-aglucone to Hx-glucoside was higher in shoots of defoliated and condefoliated seedlings. The decrease in quantity of defense in shoots was accompanied by an increase in its quality, given that aglucones are more toxic than glucosides. The increase in concentration of Hx—an allelopathic compound also involved in mineral uptake by roots—in root exudates of condefoliated seedlings was suggested to lead to an advantage in the acquisition of resources for the regeneration of lost biomass.     

Lymphatic Transport of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil

In the present study we evaluated the uptake of ALA and its conversion to EPA + DHA in rats given linseed oil (LSO) in native form or as a microemulsion in whey protein or in lipoid. In a single oral dose study in which rats maintained on rodent pellets deficient in ω-3 fatty acids were intubated with 0.35 g LSO in lipoid, the amount of ALA present in lymph was increased reaching a maximum concentration of 16.23 mg/ml at 2.5 h. The amount of ALA present in lymph was increased to a maximum level of 10.95 mg/ml at 4 h in rats given LSO as a microemulsion in whey protein. When LSO was given without emulsification, the amount of ALA present in lymph was found to reach a maximum level of 7.08 mg/ml at 6 h. A similar result was observed when weaning rats were intubated with 0.15 g of LSO per day for a period of 60 days. Higher levels of ALA by 41 and 103 % were observed in lymph lipids of rats given microemulsions of LSO in whey protein and in lipoid respectively as compared to rats given LSO without pre-emulsification. Very little conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA was observed in lymph lipids but higher amounts of EPA + DHA was observed in liver and serum of rats given LSO in microemulsion form. This study indicated that ALA concentration in lymph lipids was increased when LSO was given in microemulsion form in lipoid and further conversion to EPA and DHA was facilitated in liver and serum.     

精-异丙甲草胺在大豆及土壤中的残留动态

为了评价精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态及环境安全性,在天津、吉林两地同时进行了精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态试验.结果表明,天津地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为19.1 d,在土壤中的半衰期为27.9 d;吉林地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为21.4 d,在土壤中的半衰期为34.1 d.收获的大豆籽粒中精-异丙甲草胺最终残留量均为未检出.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradability and biocompatibility of poly(p-dioxanone) hemostatic clips for laparoscopic surgery

For the clinical application of biodegradable hemostatic surgical clips in laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to determine their degradability and biocompatibility. Herein, in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to evaluate the degradability and biocompatibility of bioabsorbable clips made of poly(p-dioxanone). Changes in weight loss, pull-off force, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the poly(p-dioxanone) clips were determined after they were degraded in deionized water and phosphate buffer saline for the in vitro experiment and in laparoscopic models of bile duct ligation(BDL) and right gastroepiploic artery ligation(GEAL) using New Zealand white rabbits for the in vivo experiment. Changes in weight loss and pull-off force were greater in the in vivo experiment than the in vitro experiment. DSC showed the greatest variation in the degree of crystallinity of the clips degraded in deionized water. Stark differences in SEM were observed after 4 weeks of degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the clips was considered satisfactory because the L929 cells could adhere to the clips and proliferate adequately in the presence of the clip extract. Biocompatibility was inferred based on the histological analysis of BDL and GEAL, no significant inflammatory responses were observed after 4 weeks of ligation.     

苯酚在浊点萃取中凝聚层相的增溶规律

采用分光光度法测定了苯酚在非离子表面活性剂单相胶束溶液中和在非离子表面活性剂两相浊点萃取时凝聚层相中的增溶结果.实验表明：溶质在凝聚层相的增溶与表面活性剂形成胶束的结构有关.当凝聚层相的表面活性剂形成正相胶束时,溶质在凝聚层相的增溶规律和在表面活性剂胶束溶液中的增溶规律一致;当凝聚层相的表面活性剂形成反相胶束时,溶质在凝聚层相和在溶液相的浓度关系可理解为在这两种溶剂之间的分配随着凝聚层相的含水率逐渐降低趋近于一定值,溶质的分配系数也趋近于一定值.     

HGF and TSG-6 Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Colon Radiation-Induced Fibrosis

Fibrosis is a leading cause of death in occidental states. The increasing number of patients with fibrosis requires innovative approaches. Despite the proven beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on fibrosis, there is little evidence of their anti-fibrotic effects in colorectal fibrosis. The ability of MSCs to reduce radiation-induced colorectal fibrosis has been studied in vivo in Sprague–Dawley rats. After local radiation exposure, rats were injected with MSCs before an initiation of fibrosis. MSCs mediated a downregulation of fibrogenesis by a control of extra cellular matrix (ECM) turnover. For a better understanding of the mechanisms, we used an in vitro model of irradiated cocultured colorectal fibrosis in the presence of human MSCs. Pro-fibrotic cells in the colon are mainly intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Intestinal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells were irradiated and cocultured in the presence of unirradiated MSCs. MSCs mediated a decrease in profibrotic gene expression and proteins secretion. Silencing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in MSCs confirmed the complementary effects of these two genes. HGF and TSG-6 limited the progression of fibrosis by reducing activation of the smooth muscle cells and myofibroblast. To settle in vivo the contribution of HGF and TSG-6 in MSC-antifibrotic effects, rats were treated with MSCs silenced for HGF or TSG-6. HGF and TSG-6 silencing in transplanted MSCs resulted in a significant increase in ECM deposition in colon. These results emphasize the potential of MSCs to influence the pathophysiology of fibrosis-related diseases, which represent a challenging area for innovative treatments.