微量Sc和Zr对Al—Mg合金铸态组织的晶粒细化作用

制备了Ａｌ５Ｍｇ、Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．２Ｓｃ、Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．１Ｚｒ和Ａｌ５Ｍｇ０．２Ｓｃ０．１Ｚｒ四种铸态合金，采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析了微量Ｓｃ和Ｚｒ对ＡｌＭｇ合金铸态组织的晶粒细化作用及其机理。结果发现，０２％的Ｓｃ并未使ＡｌＭｇ合金产生晶粒细化作用，而０２％的Ｓｃ与０１％的Ｚｒ复合添加则使ＡｌＭｇ合金产生了极其强烈的晶粒细化作用。这一作用的产生，是由于Ｓｃ、Ｚｒ与Ａｌ在合金熔体中生成了Ａｌ３Ｓｃ和Ａｌ３Ｚｒ复合粒子，这种粒子在合金凝固过程中，起到了非均质晶核细化晶粒的作用     

添加微量Sc、Zr对超高强铝合金微观结构和性能的影响

采用低频电磁铸造技术制备Al-9Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-x Zr-y Sc（x=0,0.15%,0.15%;y=0,0.05%,0.15%）合金,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、力学性能测试等手段分别对其均匀化、热挤压态、固溶态和时效态的组织与性能进行对比分析。结果表明：添加微量Sc和Zr,会在凝固过程中形成初生Al3（Sc,Zr）,可显著细化合金铸态晶粒;均匀化时形成的次生Al3（Sc,Zr）粒子可以强烈钉扎位错和亚晶界,有效抑制变形组织的再结晶,显著提高合金的力学性能。与不含Sc、Zr的合金相比,含0.05%Sc和0.15%Zr的合金经固溶处理和峰值时效处理后其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高172 MPa和218 MPa,其强化作用主要来自含Sc、Zr化合物对合金起到的亚结构强化、析出强化和细晶强化。     

固溶处理对Al-9.0Zn-2.8Mg-2.5Cu-0.12Zr-0.03Sc铝合金组织性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、差热分析(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM)研究复合添加0.03%Sc 与0.12%Zr 及固溶处理对Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金组织性能的影响,以及添加少量(小于0.1%)的Sc是否能得到高性能铝合金。结果表明：添加0.03%Sc与0.12%Zr可以使Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu合金出现“花瓣状”的Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相;Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子对位错有强烈的钉扎作用,明显抑制 Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu 合金在均匀化和挤压过程中的再结晶;多级固溶明显优于单级固溶,可以在添加少量Sc(小于0.1%)时,避免Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu发生再结晶：(420°C,3 h)+(465°C,2 h)为最佳固溶条件,此时Al?9.0Zn?2.8Mg?2.5Cu?0.12Zr?0.03Sc合金的抗拉强度为777.29 MPa,伸长率为11.84%。     

Effect of Rare Earth Sc Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy

Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 (mass. %) Sc were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Sc addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys has been investigated using mechanical testing, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that trace Sc element refines the grains of the casting alloys and the average grain size decreases from 85 μm to 30 μm. Increasi...     

Ti、Sc、Zr对铝合金微观组织的影响

制备了含Ti、Sc、Zr的铝合金,测量了平均晶粒直径和硬度,并利用金相显微镜、XRD、SEM和EDS等方法研究其细化及强化机理。结果表明：Ti元素能显著细化合金的晶粒,但不能提高合金的硬度;0.2%Sc对合金晶粒细化不太显著,但对硬度提高非常显著;0.13%Zr添加时,其细化效果略好于0.20%Sc,而对硬度的影响略低于0.20%Sc;当三者同时添加时,得到较好的细化及强化效果。     

变形及热处理对Al-Sc二元合金力学性能与导电性能的影响

研究了Al-x Sc(x=0、0.10%、0.45%、0.70%)合金在挤压变形、拉拔变形和热处理过程中的力学性能和导电性能的变化。结果表明,铸态Al-Sc二元合金的强度都随Sc含量的增加而增加,而电导率逐渐降低。挤压变形后,Al-Sc合金的晶粒均有所细化,屈服和抗拉强度大幅提升,塑性略有下降;拉拔变形后,加工硬化使各Al-Sc合金的强度进一步提高,伸长率大幅降至1%左右;经过400℃保温2 min+300℃保温150 min的热处理后,Al-Sc合金的伸长率大幅提升,纯铝和Al-0.1%Sc合金的强度降低,然而添加0.45%和0.70%Sc的合金强度却有所升高,这主要是由于热处理后含Sc第二相析出导致的。两种变形过程对Al-Sc合金电导率的影响很小,热处理可通过分解铝钪固溶体大幅提高Al-Sc合金的电导率。最终制备的Al-0.45%Sc合金屈服强度,伸长率和电导率分别为210 MPa,7.2%,34.8×10^6S/m,兼具良好的力学性能和导电性能。     

Solidification behaviour of Al-7 %Si-Mg casting alloys

The effects of Mg content and cooling rate on the solidification behaviour of Al-7% Si-Mg(mass fraction)casting alloys have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and microscopy. The Mg contents were selected as respectively 0.00%, 0.35% and 0. 70% (mass fraction). DTA curves of Al-7%Si-0.55%Mg(mass fraction) alloy at various cooling rates were accomplished and the alloy melt was cast in different cooling rates. The results indicate that increasing Mg content can lower the liquidus and binary Al-Si eutectic transformation temperatures. Large Fe-rich π-phases (AlsFeMg3Si6) are found in the 0.70% Mg alloys together with some small β-phases (Al5FeSi) ; in contrast, only β-phases are observed in the 0.35% Mg alloys. The test results of the Al-7%Si-0.55% Mg alloys identify that the liquidus and binary Al-Si eutectic transformation temperatures decrease, and the quantity of ternary Al-Si-Mg2 Si eutectic phase decreases as the cooling rate increases.     

Effects of Sc, Zr and Ti on the microstructure and properties of Al alloys with high Mg content

The effects of trace Sc, Zr, and Ti on the microstructure and hardness of Al alloys with high Mg content (Al-6Mg, Al-8Mg, and Al-10Mg) were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brinell hardness. The grain size of the as-cast alloys was refined by the addition of Sc and Zr, and it was further refined by the addition of Ti. With the same contents of Sc, Zr, and Ti, an increase in Mg content was beneficial to the refinement due to the solution of Mg into α-Al. The refined micro-structures of the as-cast alloys were favorable for Brineil hardness. Addition of Sc, Zr, and Ti to the Al-10Mg alloy results in the improve-ment of peak hardness and it is about 45% higher than that of the Al-10Mg alloy, which is due to fine precipitations of Al_3(Sc_(1-x)Zr_x), Al_3(Sc_(1-x)Ti_x), and Al_3(Sc_(1-x-y)Zr_xTi_y).     

铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金的连续冷却析出图

采用冷却速率为0．01～3K／s的差示扫描量热法（DSC）和冷却速率更高的淬火膨胀法研究铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金淬火的析出行为。在合金冷却的过程中发生了两种析出反应,高温反应开始于淬火起始温度540℃,低温反应始于400℃左右。3K／s的淬火冷却速率已经显著抑制淬火过程中相的析出。合金T6态的硬度随着淬火速率的增快而增加,这是由合金过饱和固溶度增加而导致的。通过膨胀实验和硬度实验的结果可以估计临界冷却速率大约为60K／s。通过光学显微镜观察淬火态的铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金的显微组织。结果表明：根据淬火冷却速率的不同合金的显微组织由铝一硅共晶组织、铝固溶体枝晶及枝晶间的析出相组成。     

复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti对Al-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用布氏硬度计、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了微量Sc、Zr、Ti以及Mg含量对Al-Mg合金的显微组织与布氏硬度的影响。结果表明,单独添加Sc、Zr元素的合金与未添加的Al-Mg合金的铸态组织相比,合金的晶粒组织得到了一定的细化,复合添加Sc、Zr、Ti3种元素的合金铸态组织的晶粒细化程度更为明显。同时在Sc、Zr、Ti相同含量下,Mg元素的增加也能进一步细化合金的晶粒组织,这是由于Mg元素固溶强化的结果,使得合金的布氏硬度提高。对Al-10Mg-Sc-Zr-Ti合金进行均匀化退火处理后,合金的硬度较铸态组织提高了10%,这是Al3(Sc1-xZrx)、Al3(Sc1-xTix)及Al3(Sc1-x-yZrxTiy)大量沉淀相二次析出,弥散度增大、分布更加均匀的结果。     

Effect of impurities of Fe and Si on the structure and strengthening upon annealing of the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloys with and without Y additive

The effect of impurities of Fe and Si on the microstructure and kinetics of the change in the hardness during annealing of the cast Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc and Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc–0.2% Y alloys has been studied. It has been found that the presence of the impurities of Fe and Si in the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloy leads to a partial binding of scandium into the (Al, Fe, Si, Sc) and (Al, Fe, Sc) phases of crystallization origin and to the corresponding depletion of the aluminum solid solution of Sc. It has been shown that as a result, the strengthening is significantly decreases upon annealing. The addition of 0.2% Y into the Al–0.2% Zr–0.1% Sc alloy with impurities of Fe and Si leads to the formation of the Al₃Y and (Al, Y, Fe, Si) phases, whereas Sc is completely dissolved in the aluminum solid solution. It has been shown that the addition of Y leads to an increase in the thermal stability of the alloys during annealing at temperatures of 250, 300, and 370°C and eliminates the negative effect of impurities of Fe and Si.     

冷却速率对Al-Sc-Zr中间合金中初始粒子形貌的影响

在不同的冷却速率下制备Al-1％Sc-1％Zr中间合金。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对中间合金初生粒子形貌和热力学性质进行研究。结果表明：初生粒子在低冷却速率时,是由一些立方、尖立方或十字花状的小粒子粘结组成的枝晶状颗粒。但是,初生粒子在中等的冷却速率时呈现分散的十字花状,在高冷却速率时呈现分散的立方状。不同冷却速率下十字花状和立方状单个粒子以及枝状晶中粘附粒子呈现Al3Sc／Al3Zr核一壳结构。通过数学模型对该结构的形成机制进行研究。     

Nd对Zr基非晶合金形成能力、热稳定性及耐腐蚀性的影响

利用铜模吸铸法在水冷坩埚中制备了4种(Zr0.55Al0.1Ni0.05Cu0.3)100-xNdx(x=0,1,2,3)块体非晶合金。采用XRD和DSC检测了所获合金相组成、非晶形成能力及热稳定性,并采用盐酸溶液浸泡腐蚀试验评价了不同合金的腐蚀速率。结果表明,适量添加Nd可提高Zr0.55Al0.1Ni0.05Cu0.3非晶合金的形成能力和热稳定性,但非晶合金在2mol/L HCl溶液中的耐蚀性随Nd含量的增加而降低。该结果对进一步改善和提高非晶合金的性能具有重要的参考价值。     

Al-5．8Mg—Mn-Sc—Zr合金的再结晶行为

采用活性熔剂保护熔炼,水冷铜模激冷铸造技术制备了Al-5.8Mg-0.4Mn-0.25Sc-0.1Zr（质量分数,%）合金板材。通过显微硬度测试、光学显微镜和透射电镜观察等分析手段研究了该合金的再结晶温度和再结晶形核机制。结果表明：通过添加微量的Sc和Zr元素使Al-Mg-Mn合金的抗再结晶能力得到显著提高,即添加了Sc和Zr的Al-Mg-Mn合金再结晶温度（450℃）比没有添加的合金（150℃）的高。Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金的再结晶温度较高的主要原因是细小、弥散的Al 3（Sc,Zr）粒子对位错和亚晶界的钉扎作用。合金的再结晶形核机制为亚晶合并和亚晶长大的双重机制。     

Effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys

Five kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys with different Sc additions were prepared by ingot metallurgy. The effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys were investigated using tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are improved by 94 and 110 Mpa, respectively, and the elongation to failure remains at a reasonable extent (11.1%) in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloy with 0.21 wt.% Sc addition after solution heat treatment at 475℃ for 40 min and then aged at 120℃ for 24 h. The addition of minor Sc induces the formation of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, which are highly effective in refining the cast microstructures, retarding recrystallization, and pinning dislocations. The increment of strength is attributed mainly to fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, and substructure strengthening.     

Al-Sc-Zr合金中析出相的形成及再结晶抑阻(英文)

通过冷硬铸造法制备Al-x%Sc-0.11%Zr合金(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.08,0.11,0.15),研究合金在475°C保温12h热处理条件下不同钪含量对Al3(Sc,Zr)析出的影响。研究发现,Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相的形核、析出和分布与钪含量密切相关。透射电子显微镜研究表明,随着钪含量的增加,析出相的平均半径减小,密度增大,分布变得越来越均匀。将90%冷轧样品在200-600°C的温度区间等温退火0.5h,再进行抗再结晶能力的研究。结果表明,未添加钪的合金的再结晶温度为250°C,而添加0.15%钪后形成的Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相使得再结晶温度升高到约600°C。     

Effects of minor Sr,Sn and Sc addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84 magnesium alloy

The effects of minor Sr, Sn and Sc addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the ZA84 magnesium alloy were compared. The results indicate that addition of 0.1%Sr, 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc (mass fraction) to the ZA84 alloy can refine the grains of the alloy. Furthermore, addition of 0.1%Sr to the ZA84 alloy does not obviously change the morphology and distribution of Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase. However, addition of 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc not only refines and modifies the Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase but also suppresses the formation of Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase, especially with the addition of 0.3%Sc. Furthermore, addition of 0.1%Sr, 0.5%Sn or 0.3%Sc to the ZA84 alloy improves the tensile properties at room temperature and 150℃, especially with the addition of 0.1%Sr and 0.3%Sc. However, addition of 0.1%Sr is not beneficial to the creep properties, and addition of 0.5%Sn has no obvious influence on the creep properties. Oppositely, addition of 0.3%Sc to the ZA84 alloy greatly improves the creep properties.     

微量元素Sc和Zr对过共晶Al-5%Fe合金组织和性能的影响

二元过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中的初生Al3Fe相为粗大的针片状。微量元素Sc和Zr加入到过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中,合金的初生Al3Fe相形貌发生显著变化。其细化作用在Sc、Zr加入量分别为0.3%和0.1%时效果较好,合金的初生Al3Fe相转变为细小的针状、粒状和花朵状。合金的抗拉强度达到266.8 MPa,提高了119.8%。讨论了Sc、Zr联合添加对过共晶Al-5%Fe合金初生Al3Fe相的作用机理。     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

1 Introduction The microstructure and properties of aluminium alloys are strongly affected by adding small quantities of scandium. Minor Sc may improve the temperature of recrystallization and fracture toughness, decrease the sensitivity of stress corrosi…     

Effects of Sc,Zr and Ti on the microstructure and properties of Al alloys with high Mg content

The effects of trace Sc, Zr, and Ti on the microstructure and hardness of Al alloys with high Mg content (Al-6Mg, Al-8Mg, and Al-10Mg) were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brinell hardness. The grain size of the as-cast alloys was refined by the addition of Sc and Zr, and it was further refined by the addition of Ti. With the same contents of Sc, Zr, and Ti, an increase in Mg content was beneficial to the refinement due to the solution of Mg into α-Al. The refined microstructures of the as-cast alloys were favorable for Brinell hardness. Addition of Sc, Zr, and Ti to the Al-10Mg alloy results in the improvement of peak hardness and it is about 45% higher than that of the Al-10Mg alloy, which is due to fine precipitations of Al₃(Sc_1−x Zr _x ), Al₃(Sc_1−x Ti _x ), and Al₃(Sc_1−x−y Zr _x Ti _y ).