一种用于道路障碍物识别的激光点云聚类算法

提出一种适用于道路障碍物识别检测的聚类算法,该算法用来处理各向异性分布的激光点云数据。算法的基本思想是:针对点云空间分布的实时变化,提出在线学习合并阈值的层次聚类算法,以确定聚类数搜索范围上界和初始聚类中心的待选点集;然后提出距离乘积最大化方法,对待选点集进行初始化排序,既结合点云的空间密度分布改善了聚类结果,又克服了传统K-means算法初始聚类中心难确定的问题;最后选取Silhouette和距离评价函数为聚类有效性指标分析算法的聚类效果,确定最佳聚类数。用以上自适应、在线学习的算法对2.5D激光雷达采集的点云数据进行聚类,并与其他两种聚类算法进行实际试验比较发现,本算法可以正确分割大多数空间分布各异且相互连接的障碍物。     

A novel weighted clustering algorithm in mobile ad hoc networks using discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSOWCA)

In this paper, a novel weighted clustering algorithm in mobile ad hoc networks using discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSOWCA) is proposed. The proposed algorithm shows how discrete particle swarm optimization can be useful in enhancing the performance of clustering algorithms in mobile ad hoc networks. Consequently, it results in the minimum number of clusters and hence minimum cluster heads. The goals of the algorithm are to minimize the number of cluster heads, to enhance network stability, to maximize network lifetime, and to achieve good end‐to‐end performance. Analysis and simulation of the algorithm have been implemented and the validity of the algorithm has been proved. Results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing weight‐based clustering algorithm and adapts to different kinds of network conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Framework for Evaluating the Performance of Cluster Algorithms for Hierarchical Networks

Table-driven routing algorithms in flat networks have the scalability problem due to the need for global topology updates. To reduce update cost, networks are hierarchically organized. Clustering algorithms organize flat networks into hierarchical networks. One important problem, which has not been adequately addressed so far, is to evaluate how good a clustering algorithm is. In other words, it is useful to know what the desired properties of hierarchical networks are. In this paper, we address this issue by considering the routing update cost, which can be measured by the total routing table size and the variance of cluster size distribution. We provide a set of desired properties of clustering algorithms. Applying these properties to the cluster structure generated by an algorithm, we can determine how good a clustering algorithm is. Specifically, we discuss how to choose appropriate number of hierarchy levels, number of clusters, and cluster size distribution, such that the topology update cost is minimized. The desired properties obtained from the analysis can be used as guidelines in the design of clustering algorithms for table-driven hierarchical networks. We apply the idea developed in this paper to evaluate three routing algorithms, namely the lowest ID algorithm, the maximum degree algorithm, and the variable degree clustering algorithm. We show how the variable degree clustering algorithm, which takes into account these desired properties, improves routing performance.     

Clustering validity based on the improved S_Dbw* index

For many clustering algorithms, it is very important to determine an appropriate number of clusters, which is called cluster validity problem. In this paper, a new clustering validity assessment index is proposed based on a novel method to select the margin point between two clusters for inter-cluster similarity more accurately, and provides an improved scatter function for intra-cluster similarity. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed index on the data sets under consideration regardless of the choice of a clustering algorithm.     

基于类内差异和类间重叠的有效性函数

模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类算法的一个主要问题是需要事先确定聚类的数目,为此定义了类内差异度和类间重叠度来分别度量同一个聚类中数据的相似度和不同聚类间的分离程度,进而基于这两个度量提出一个新的有效性函数用于判定最佳聚类数目。实验结果表明,该有效性函数能有效地判定聚类数目,并且有较好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于动态遗传算法的聚类新方法

 如何确定聚类数目一直是聚类分析中的难点问题.为此本文提出了一种基于动态遗传算法的聚类新方法,该方法采用最大属性值范围划分法克服划分聚类算法对初始值的敏感性,并运用两阶段的动态选择和变异策略,使选择概率和变异率跟随种群的聚类数目一致性变化,先进行不同聚类数目的并行搜索,再获取最优的聚类中心.七组数据聚类实验证明该方法能够实现数据集最佳划分的自动全局搜索,同时搜索到最佳聚类数目和最佳聚类中心.     

基于密度和聚类指数改进的K-means算法

传统K-means算法中,随机选择到的初始聚类中心不同会得到不一样的簇类,人工给定的k值与实际聚类数较难达到一致,针对这些问题,文中提出了基于密度和聚类指数改进的K-means聚类算法。根据密度获取高密度集HP,从此集合中选择相互之间距离最大的两对对象均值当成第一轮聚类的聚类中心,新的聚类中心可通过最大距离积法获取,并参考聚类指数确定合适的k值。通过进行实验确认了该算法有较高的准确性和有效性。     

基于邻接矩阵的自适应图像分割算法研究

基于聚类的图像分割算法是其中常见的一种,传统聚类算法需人为确定初始聚类中心和类别数,针对如何确定最优聚类类别数的问题,基于邻接矩阵提出一种自适应图像分割算法,该算法克服了传统聚类算法人为确定初始聚类中心和聚类类别数而导致局部最优的缺陷。利用实验数据将算法和传统聚类算法比较,并应用于图像分割。实验结果显示,算法稳定性较好,能自适应的得到准确地聚类类别数,且鲁棒性较强,在应用于图像分割时的聚类结果相对与传统聚类算法更加准确。     

高阶异构数据模糊联合聚类算法

为了更有效地分析聚簇重叠部分高阶异构数据的聚簇结果,提出了一种高阶异构数据模糊联合聚类（HFCC）算法,该算法最小化每个特征空间中对象与聚簇中心的加权距离。推导出对象隶属度和特征权重的迭代更新公式,设计出聚类过程的迭代算法,并且从理论上证明了该迭代算法的收敛性。另外,通过泛化XB指标,提出适用于评估高阶异构数据聚类质量的指标GXB,用于判断聚簇数目。实验表明,HFCC算法能够有效探测数据内部隐藏的重叠聚簇结构,并且HFCC算法聚类效果明显优于5种有代表性的硬划分算法,此外GXB指标能够有效判定高阶异构数据的聚簇数目。     

基于自适应增量学习的时间序列模糊聚类算法

针对现存可用于时间序列的增量式模糊聚类算法往往需要设置多个控制参数的问题,本文提出了一种基于自适应增量学习的时间序列模糊聚类算法.该算法首先继承上一次聚类得到的簇结构信息以初始化当前聚类进程,然后在无需设置参数的情况下自适应地搜索当前数据块中的离群样本,并自动从离群样本创建新簇,最后检查空簇识别标识确定是否需要移除部分簇以保证后续聚类过程的效率.实验结果表明所提算法对等长和不等长时间序列均具有良好的聚类准确性及运行效率.     

Cluster analysis of gene expression data based on self-splitting and merging competitive learning

Cluster analysis of gene expression data from a cDNA microarray is useful for identifying biologically relevant groups of genes. However, finding the natural clusters in the data and estimating the correct number of clusters are still two largely unsolved problems. In this paper, we propose a new clustering framework that is able to address both these problems. By using the one-prototype-take-one-cluster (OPTOC) competitive learning paradigm, the proposed algorithm can find natural clusters in the input data, and the clustering solution is not sensitive to initialization. In order to estimate the number of distinct clusters in the data, we propose a cluster splitting and merging strategy. We have applied the new algorithm to simulated gene expression data for which the correct distribution of genes over clusters is known a priori. The results show that the proposed algorithm can find natural clusters and give the correct number of clusters. The algorithm has also been tested on real gene expression changes during yeast cell cycle, for which the fundamental patterns of gene expression and assignment of genes to clusters are well understood from numerous previous studies. Comparative studies with several clustering algorithms illustrate the effectiveness of our method.     

Novel chemical reaction optimization based unequal clustering and routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks

Energy conserving of sensor nodes is the most crucial issue in the design of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a cluster based routing approach, cluster heads (CHs) cooperate with each other to forward their data to the base station (BS) via multi-hop routing. In this process, CHs closer to the BS are burdened with heavier relay traffic and tend to die prematurely which causes network partition is popularly known as a hot spot problem. To mitigate the hot spot problem, in this paper, we propose unequal clustering and routing algorithms based on novel chemical reaction optimization (nCRO) paradigm, we jointly call these algorithms as novel CRO based unequal clustering and routing algorithms (nCRO-UCRA). In clustering, we partition the network into unequal clusters such that smaller size clusters near to the sink and larger size clusters relatively far away from the sink. For this purpose, we develop the CH selection algorithm based on nCRO paradigm and assign the non-cluster head sensor nodes to the CHs based on derived cost function. Then, a routing algorithm is presented which is also based on nCRO based approach. All these algorithms are developed with the efficient schemes of molecular structure encoding and novel potential energy functions. The nCRO-UCRA is simulated extensively on various scenarios of WSNs and varying number of sensors and the CHs. The results are compared with some existing algorithms and original CRO based algorithm called as CRO-UCRA to show the superiority in terms of various performance metrics like residual energy, network lifetime, number of alive nodes, data packets received by the BS and convergence rate.     

Energy efficient clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks: novel chemical reaction optimization approach

Clustering has been accepted as one of the most efficient techniques for conserving energy of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, in a two-tiered cluster based WSN, cluster heads (CHs) consume more energy due to extra overload for receiving data from their member sensor nodes, aggregating them and transmitting that data to the base station (BS). Therefore, proper selection of CHs and optimal formation of clusters play a crucial role to conserve the energy of sensor nodes for prolonging the lifetime of WSNs. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient CH selection and energy balanced cluster formation algorithms, which are based on novel chemical reaction optimization technique (nCRO), we jointly called these algorithms as novel CRO based energy efficient clustering algorithms (nCRO-ECA). These algorithms are developed with efficient schemes of molecular structure encoding and potential energy functions. For the energy efficiency, we consider various parameters such as intra-cluster distance, sink distance and residual energy of sensor nodes in the CH selection phase. In the cluster formation phase, we consider various distance and energy parameters. The algorithm is tested extensively on various scenarios of WSNs by varying number of sensor nodes and CHs. The results are compared with original CRO based algorithm, namely CRO-ECA and some existing algorithms to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packets received by the BS and convergence rate.     

Automatic modulation classification based on the combination of clustering and neural network

In this paper,we propose a new modulation classification method based on the combination of clustering and neural network,in which a new algorithm is introduced to extract key features.In order to recognize modulation types based on the constellation diagram such as phase shift keying(PSK)and quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),fuzzy C-means(FCM)clustering is adopted for recovering the constellation under different number of clusters.Then cluster validity measure is applied to extract key features which di...     

Nonparametric genetic clustering: comparison of validity indices

A variable-string-length genetic algorithm (GA) is used for developing a novel nonparametric clustering technique when the number of clusters is not fixed a-priori. Chromosomes in the same population may now have different lengths since they encode different number of clusters. The crossover operator is redefined to tackle the concept of variable string length. A cluster validity index is used as a measure of the fitness of a chromosome. The performance of several cluster validity indices, namely the Davies-Bouldin (1979) index, Dunn's (1973) index, two of its generalized versions and a recently developed index, in appropriately partitioning a data set, are compared     

RPCL算法的理论发展和应用

在传统的聚类分析中,通常需要针对给定的数据选择出正确或合理的类别数,否则算法无法得到理想的聚类分析结果。当采用竞争学习（Competitive Learning, CL）算法进行聚类分析时也面临着同样的问题。然而,一般数据集中实际聚类个数（或竞争单元个数）的推断与选择却是一个十分困难的问题。为了解决这一难题,对手惩罚竞争学习（Rival Penalized Competitive Learning, RPCL）算法建立了一种有效的思想和方法。它通过预设较大的聚类个数,在竞争学习中引入了对手惩罚的机制,自动地选择出正确的聚类中心与个数,并将多余的聚类中心排除到无穷点或远离数据的地方。这种独特的思想和方法为聚类分析开辟了一条崭新的途径。本文将深入分析RPCL算法的理论发展,包括产生的根源及其思想、理论基础、在不同情况下的推广和变式,并且总结了RPCL算法在各个领域中的应用。     

一种高效的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法

现有的多传感器多目标跟踪算法大都基于马尔科夫-贝叶斯模型,需要诸如目标运动、杂波、传感器检测概率等先验信息,但是在恶劣的环境中,这些先验信息不准确并导致目标跟踪精度下降。为了解决该情况下的多目标跟踪问题,我们提出了一个高效的分布式多目标跟踪算法,该算法通过泛洪(Flooding)共识算法在分布式网络的传感器之间迭代的传输、共享各自的量测集信息,并通过改进的密度峰值聚类(Improved Density Peaks Clustering, IDPC)算法对量测集聚类,聚类得到的簇的个数即目标的个数,簇的中心即目标的位置。我们将IDPC算法与前沿的分布式概率密度假设(probability density hypothesis, PHD)滤波器在三个场景中进行对比,实验结果证明了IDPC算法的有效性和可靠性。      

K-means聚类算法研究综述

总结评述了K-means聚类算法的研究现状,指出K-means聚类算法是一个NP难优化问题,无法获得全局最优。介绍了K-means聚类算法的目标函数、算法流程,并列举了一个实例,指出了数据子集的数目K、初始聚类中心选取、相似性度量和距离矩阵为K-means聚类算法的3个基本参数。总结了K-means聚类算法存在的问题及其改进算法,指出了K-means聚类的进一步研究方向。     

一种基于K-means的WSN移动汇聚路由算法

无线传感网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)作为一种资源受限的网络,网络中节点的能耗直接影响了网络的性能。因此,均衡网络中的能耗,延长网络的生命周期,成为设计WSN路由算法的重要目标。于是,在LEACH-C协议的基础上提出了一种移动汇聚路由算法。分簇阶段由Sink节点计算最优簇首个数,通过K-means聚类将网络中的节点划分至不同的集群,选择通信成本最低的节点作为各集群的簇首。稳定传输阶段通过移动Sink进行数据采集,针对不同的延迟分别规划Sink节点的移动轨迹。MATLAB仿真结果表明,与LEACH和LEAHC-C算法相比簇首的分布更合理,结合Sink节点的移动策略能有效均衡网络能耗,延长网络的寿命。     

基于量子谐振子模型的聚类中心选取算法

提出了一种基于量子谐振子模型的聚类中心选取算法.该算法以量子谐振子波函数从高能态到基态过程中的概率变化过程为理论模型来描述聚类问题中数据对象向聚类中心点的聚集行为,能够快速查找到最优的聚类个数及较好的聚类中心点所在的网格;数据读入网格结构之后,算法的处理时间与数据集规模无关.实验结果表明:CCSA-QHOM算法较适合于处理每个子类局部区域的网格密度分布呈单峰特性的数据集的聚类中心选择问题.