高Bs铁基纳米晶合金研究进展及发展趋势

高B_S铁基纳米晶合金(high B_S nanocrystalline alloys, HBNAs)具备高磁导率、低高频铁损和近零的磁致伸缩,是制备高性能小型电子元器件的理想材料。一直以来,铁基纳米晶合金的B_S受限于合金成分中Fe含量的高低,而如何掌控非晶前驱体的非晶形成能力(glass forming ability, GFA)和后端的电磁性能之间的平衡点,是推动HBNAs进一步发展的关键难题。在回顾Fe基纳米晶软磁合金发展历程的基础上,系统阐述了纳米晶的晶化热力学与动力学、晶化机制和高B_S铁基纳米晶合金非晶形成能力改善方法的现有认识。通过分析高B_S铁基纳米晶合金制备的研究现状及亟待解决的问题,以期为高B_S铁基纳米晶软磁合金成分的开发、退火工艺的设计提供一定的启发和技术思路。     

纳米和超细晶金属材料的退火强化

本文综述了纳米和超细晶金属材料的退火强化研究现状和发展趋势。本文关注致密纳米和超细晶材料的研究,首先介绍了电沉积纳米Ni、强塑性变形制得的超细晶金属钛和纯铝的退火强化的实验现象,随后综述了这一强化现象的微观机理,最后探讨了进一步的实验及理论分析的途径。     

超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的研究现状

综述了超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的制备技术和制备工艺参数如衬底类型、氩气分压和靶功率等对铝膜结构性能的影响;介绍了目前超细晶/纳米晶铝膜的显微组织、铝薄膜及超薄铝薄膜的研究和其机械性能等研究方面的现状和进展,并展望了超细晶/纳米晶铝膜研究的发展前景.     

生物医用超细晶钛及钛合金的研究进展

随着生物医用金属材料的市场应用快速增加,生物医用钛及钛合金已成为人体植入物的主要原料,然而相比于不锈钢及钴基合金,常规钛及钛合金虽在生物医用领域各方面性能都较为优异,但作为植入物处于人体较为复杂的环境中时,其各方面性能还有待提高.因此,超细晶钛及钛合金的研发在医用市场具有广阔的前景.目前,市场上超细晶金属材料的制备以剧...     

镍基高温合金超细定向柱晶的凝固特性

本文采用超高梯度快速定向凝固装置研究了镍基铸造高温合金 K405超细定向柱晶的凝固特性。试验结果表明,当温度梯度为660K/cm 和凝固速率为760μm/s时,可获得超细柱晶体,其一次、二次枝晶间距λ_1和λ_2分别小于25μm 和10μm;Cr,Al,Ti,W,Co 等元素的偏析比均趋近于1;γ′相分布均匀,(γ+γ′)共晶基本消除,MC 碳化物呈点状和小条状沿一次枝晶轴方向均匀分布于枝晶间。     

超细晶/纳米晶钨——未来聚变堆面向等离子体材料

钨为未来高参数准稳态运行聚变堆最有前景的面向等离子体材料。超细晶/纳米晶结构有可能提高钨材料的热力学性能和抗粒子辐照性能,因而成为一个很有前途的研发方向。深度塑性变形和粉末冶金均已在制备超细晶/纳米晶钨方面开始了初步探索,深度塑性变形的等通道角挤压法因能制备致密度高、韧脆性能优异、大尺度的块体超细晶/纳米晶钨,极有可能在钨基面向等离子体材料制备方面取得突破。     

钛及钛合金ECAP变形研究进展

综述了等径变曲通道变形(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)技术制备超细晶(Ultra fine grain,UFG)钛及钛合金的研究进展。总结了模具参数、变形工艺参数对钛及钛合金ECAP变形及组织的影响,以期通过制定合理的变形工艺制备出组织均匀、性能优良的超细晶钛及钛合金,同时汇总了钛及钛合金ECAP变形组织变形机理、演变机理、ECAP变形组织稳定性及超细晶材料性能(超塑性、疲劳强度、耐腐蚀性等)的研究进展,最后指出ECAP制备超细晶钛及钛合金的研究方向。     

枝晶偏析对MnCu合金阻尼性能的影响

通过砂型铸造法控制Mn Cu合金的凝固过程,获得具有显著成分偏析的枝晶组织,能够进一步促进时效过程中调幅分解的发生,是提高其阻尼性能的又一有效途径。采用JN-1倒扭摆、OLYMPUS显微镜、SEM、DMA、XRD等手段,系统研究了枝晶偏析对M2052合金阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,铸造M2052合金在铸态下,已含有少量孪晶马氏体,具有一定的阻尼性能;且经过435℃×4 h时效处理后,该合金的阻尼性能明显提高(δ=0.26),甚至超过锻造M2052合金(δ=0.20)。这主要是由于铸造成分偏析的富Mn区可促进纳米级高富Mn区的形成,明显提高Ms点(85℃),使冷却过程中生成更多数量的孪晶马氏体,从而获得优异的阻尼性能。     

脉冲电流加热与等温晶化制备纳米晶FeCuNbMoSiB的组织与性能

采用大电流短脉冲快速加热纳米晶合金Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ１Ｍｏ２Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９。通过ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ组织与相分析，磁性能及相对断裂应变的测定，研究了脉冲电流加热对合金纳米晶化后的组织、磁性与脆性的影响，并与常规等温晶化法进行了对比。结果表明，适当工艺参数的脉冲电流加热可以制备出晶粒尺寸为８～１５ｎｍ的纳米晶，其软磁性能略优于常规法而且韧性得到明显改善。     

超细晶化对高温合金GH4169性能的影响

为了研究超细晶化对高温合金GH4169机械性能的影响。对超细晶GH4169合金与普通GH4169合金在室温，高温的力学性能及较低应变速率下，950℃时的超塑拉伸性能进行了对比。结果表明：超细晶GH4169合金相对于普通GH4169合金其室温强度有所提高；超细晶GH4169合金在950℃有很好的超塑性，相对于普通GH4169合金其流动应力大大降低，可用于超塑成形。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.