基于智能视觉的人体跌倒检测仿真

针对传统人体跌倒检测方法准确度低,不能在人体疑似跌倒的第一时间及时检测的问题,提出基于智能视觉的人体跌倒检测方法。根据智能视觉分析技术解析人体跌倒行为,采用加速度传感器采集人体跌倒惯性特征数据并利用加速度传感器建立三轴加速坐标,对跌倒行为作出判断。在巨大的特征量集合中,运用K-L变换方法提取出准确的加速度峰值和倾角变化值,据此设置跌倒行为检测的约束条件,完成对跌倒行为的分类。采用PSO分类器优化人体跌倒检测的SVM参数,完成人体跌倒高精准度检测。实验结果表明,所提方法的检测准确度高于对比的3种文献方法,检测时间最短,能够及时检测目标个体跌倒情况,可广泛应用于现实生活中。     

基于智能手机的实时跌倒检测系统研究

为减少跌倒对老年人造成的伤害,并对跌倒进行实时检测,提出了一种基于Android智能手机的人体跌倒检测系统,手机安置于腰上采集手机加速度传感器数据,利用了姿态识别和跌倒检测相结合的算法,区分出跌倒行为和人体日正常常活动。当检测到异常跌倒时,报警信息以及从手机中GPS获取的位置被发送。仿真及实验表明：系统能够有效地识别出跌倒和日常行为,算法具有较高实时性、具有较高灵敏度和特异度。     

基于支持向量机的跌倒检测方法研究

跌倒是老年人常见的意外伤害事故,为了能够及时检测跌倒事件的发生,设计了一种基于三轴加速度传感器的跌倒检测装置,该装置佩戴在使用者的腰部或者腹部,用于实时检测老年人在正常活动和跌倒状态下的加速度信号,采用支持向量机(SVM)方法对加速度信号进行数据处理,判断人体是否跌倒。通过实验测试验证,该方法对跌倒行为识别具有较高的准确性和可靠性。     

人体跌倒的鲁棒检测方法

通过对跌倒行为特性的研究,提出了人体跌倒鲁棒检测方法.采用穿戴式跌倒检测装置,将加速度传感器和倾角传感器安置于腰间,压力传感器安置于脚底,用于采集人体运动中的姿态加速度信息、倾角信息和脚底压力信息,采用主成分分析法提取姿态变化特征量,并运用支持向量机对特征量进行分析和判断,判断人体是否跌倒.通过试验测试验证,所提出的方法对跌倒检测具有较高的鲁棒性.     

老年人运动状态监测和跌倒报警系统

体育锻炼是促进老年人健康长寿的有效手段之一。为了对老年人的运动状态进行实时监测,掌握运动状态参数,并能够对老年人不慎意外踏空或者某种疾病突发导致的跌倒及时报警,设计一种能够实时监测老年人跌倒动作发生并发送定位及报警信息给远程接收端的便携式监测系统。系统采用腰部三轴加速度传感器实时采集人体运动姿态数据;使用嵌入式处理器和无线网络实现数据处理、无线传输和远程报警;通过三级阈值的人体跌倒检测算法,实现人体跌倒姿态变化的加速度特征提取,对人体运动状态进行分级,预测严重的跌倒行为。实验结果表明：该系统具有性能稳定、正确率高和轻巧方便等特点,非常适合老年人穿戴使用,可保障老年人运动安全,应用前景广阔。     

跌倒检测在远程健康监管系统中的应用研究

利用三轴加速度传感器对人体活动产生的加速度信号进行采集,提出了将数据分析分割成用户终端信号的预处理和在后台处理两部分。在用户终端采取基于1-class SVM分类算法对疑似数据进行提取,在后台通过分析不同动作事件下其能量损耗的阈值范围的不同进行跌倒判断,并分析了人体在特定时域的速度、位移以及倾角作为判断跌倒的辅助判据。实验表明,该应用能够为老年人的健康提供一种新的保障。     

基于三轴加速度传感器的人体跌倒检测系统设计与实现

为了满足老年人的护理需求,减少老年人因跌倒造成的身心伤害,提出了一种基于三轴加速度传感器的人体跌倒检测系统。该系统主要基于姿态测量特性,利用姿态角作为跌倒判断标准;并且考虑到噪声影响和跌倒检测系统对检测正确率的高要求,利用Kalman滤波算法来提高算法精确度。实验结果表明该系统在人体前后、侧向跌倒和跌倒后迅速站起的情况下可以100%报警,达到人体正常跌倒情况的检测标准。     

基于SVD特征降维和支持向量机的跌倒检测算法

为减少跌倒对人体造成的伤害,采用一种基于支持向量机的人体跌倒检测方法。利用安置于腰上的手机采集人体运动行为加速度数据,提取对跌倒行为敏感的时域及频域特征,利用奇异值分解方法降维特征和重构跌倒特征,采用支持向量机分类器检测跌倒行为。仿真实验表明:该方法能够有效地识别跌倒和日常行为,具有较高灵敏度和特异度,并可同时提高识别正确率。     

一种基于特征增强和决策融合的人体行为识别方法

利用三轴加速度传感器进行人体行为识别一直是传感器数据处理、模式识别领域的研究热点。加速度数据往往存在着多种动作数据难以区分的情况,特别是走、上楼、下楼这3个动作数据非常相似,这给正确识别这3种人体动作带来了较大的难度。提出一种基于特征增强与决策融合的行为识别方法,通过对部分特征值进行增强处理和对多个分类结果进行决策融合来识别走、上楼、下楼这些难以区分的相似动作。实验验证,所提方法可克服由于加速度数据的相似性而导致的动作识别正确率低、识别误差大的情况,有效提高人体行为识别率,且可在实际应用中实时识别人体行为动作。     

基于半监督学习的跌倒检测系统设计

针对老人跌倒时的复杂运动情况,进行跌倒标注的较难实现,提出了基于Tri-training半监督算法的跌倒检测系统。本系统使用3D加速度传感器采集运动加速度数据,然后对数据进行特征提取与部分样本标注,使用Tri-training算法训练分类器,最后使用训练好的分类器进行跌倒识别。具体的数据采集传感器设计为可穿戴式设备,服务器端使用Java编写了一个服务器的程序实现对数据的分析与处理。实验结果表明：该方法使用了大量无标签数据的信息,有效提高了跌倒识别的准确率。实验结果表明：本系统能够满足老年人在日常生活中的需求,对于一些意外跌倒能够给予及时的检测与报警。     

A hierarchical abnormal human activity recognition system based on R-transform and kernel discriminant analysis for elderly health care

A hierarchical human activity recognition (HAR) system is proposed to recognize abnormal activities from the daily life activities of elderly people living alone. The system is structured to have two-levels of feature extraction and activity recognition. The first level consists of R-transform, kernel discriminant analysis (KDA), $k$ -means algorithm and HMM to recognize the video activity. The second level consists of KDA, $k$ -means algorithm and HMM, and is selectively applied to the recognized activities from the first level when it belongs to the specified group. The proposed hierarchical approach is useful in increasing the recognition rate for the highly similar activities. System performance is analyzed by selecting the optimized number of features, number of HMM states and the number of frames per second to achieve maximum recognition rate. The system is validated by a novel set of six abnormal activities; falling backward, falling forward, chest pain, headache, vomiting, and fainting and a normal activity walking. Experimental results show an average recognition rate of 97.1 % for all the activities by using the proposed hierarchical HAR system.     

Multi-scale Conditional Random Fields for first-person activity recognition on elders and disabled patients

We propose a novel pervasive system to recognise human daily activities from a wearable device. The system is designed in a form of reading glasses, named ‘Smart Glasses’, integrating a 3-axis accelerometer and a first-person view camera. Our aim is to classify subject’s activities of daily living (ADLs) based on their vision and head motion data. This ego-activity recognition system not only allows caretakers to track on a specific person (such as disabled patient or elderly people), but also has the potential to remind/warn people with cognitive impairments of hazardous situations. We present the following contributions: a feature extraction method from accelerometer and video; a classification algorithm integrating both locomotive (body motions) and stationary activities (without or with small motions); a novel multi-scale dynamic graphical model for structured classification over time. In this paper, we collect, train and validate our system on two large datasets: 20 h of elder ADLs datasets and 40 h of patient ADLs datasets, containing 12 and 14 different activities separately. The results show that our method efficiently improves the system performance (F-Measure) over conventional classification approaches by an average of 20%–40% up to 84.45%, with an overall accuracy of 90.04% for elders. Furthermore, we also validate our method on 30 patients with different disabilities, achieving an overall accuracy up to 77.07%.     

基于时序分析的人体摔倒预测方法

提出一种基于人体动作状态序列时序分析法的人体摔倒预测方法。融合特征部位加速度信息为时间序列,选取摔倒过程中人体与低势物体碰撞前的过程序列段作为样本训练隐马尔可夫模型(HMM),通过分析输入序列与HMM的匹配程度实时分析当前时刻人体摔倒的风险。实验证明该方法取得良好的预测效果,并且可有效区分摔倒过程与其它日常生活行为过程。     

SVM-based posture identification with a single waist-located triaxial accelerometer

Analysis of human body movement is an important research area, specially for health applications. In order to assess the quality of life of people with mobility problems like Parkinson’s disease o stroke patients, it is crucial to monitor and assess their daily life activities. The main goal of this work is the characterization of basic activities using a single triaxial accelerometer located at the waist. This paper presents a novel postural detection algorithm based in SVM methods which is able to detect and identify Walking, Stand, Sit, Lying, Sit to Stand, Stand to sit, Bending up/down, Lying from Sit and Sit from Lying transitions with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 84% with 2884 postures analyzed from 31 healthy volunteers. Parameters and models found have been tested in another dataset from Parkinson’s disease patients, achieving results of 98% of sensitivity and 78% of specificity in postural transitions. The proposed algorithm has been optimized to be easily implemented in real-time system for on-line monitoring applications.     

Online motion recognition using an accelerometer in a mobile device

This paper introduces a new method to implement a motion recognition process using a mobile phone fitted with an accelerometer. The data collected from the accelerometer are interpreted by means of a statistical study and machine learning algorithms in order to obtain a classification function. Then, that function is implemented in a mobile phone and online experiments are carried out. Experimental results show that this approach can be used to effectively recognize different human activities with a high-level accuracy.     

基于概率软逻辑的多层次识别和推理

随着全球老龄化人口增长,老年人的日常行为监管和护理也成为极具挑战性的社会问题。为了应对这种不断增长的社会需求,提出了一种由数据和知识共同驱动、使用概率软逻辑（Probabilistic Soft Logic）和多层次分析对老年人的日常活动进行建模的方法,来解决老年人护理中的活动识别问题。实验表明,该方法在活动识别和异常活动检测上,比隐马尔可夫模型能产生更高的精度,并且,该方法比非层次识别方法具有更快的响应速度。     

A system for ubiquitous fall monitoring at home via a wireless sensor network and a wearable mote

Accidental falls of our elderly, and physical injuries resulting, represent a major health and economic problem. Falls are the most common cause of serious injuries and are a major health threat in the stratum of older population. Early detection of a fall is a key factor when trying to provide adequate care to elderly person who has suffered an accident at home. Therefore, the detection of falls in the elderly remains a major challenge in the field of public health. Specific actions aimed at the fall detection can provide urgent care which allows, on the other hand, drastically reduce the cost of medical care, and improve primary care service. In this paper, we present a support system for detecting falls of an elder person by the combination of a wearable wireless sensor node based on an accelerometer and a static wireless non-intrusive sensory infrastructure based on heterogeneous sensor nodes. This previous infrastructure called DIA (Dispositivo Inteligente de Alarma, in Spanish) is an AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) system that allows to infer a potential fall. This inference is reinforced for prompt attention by a specific sensorisation at portable node sensor in order to help distinguish between falls and daily activities of assisted person. The wearable node will not determine a falling situation, it will advice the reasoner layer about specific acceleration patterns that could, eventually, imply a falling. Is at the higher layer where the falling is determined from the whole context produced by mesh of fixed nodes. Experimental results have shown that the proposed system obtains high reliability and sensitivity in the detection of the fall.     

Physical activity classification in free-living conditions using smartphone accelerometer data and exploration of predicted results

In recent decades, decreasing physical activity has emerged as one of the major issues affecting human health since people increasingly engaged in sedentary behavior in their homes and workplaces. In physical activity research, using GPS trajectories and advanced GIS methods has a potential for greatly enhancing our understanding of the association between objectively measured moderate and vigorous physical activity and physical and social environments. Relying only on objectively measured physical activity intensity, however, ignores the role of different places and types of physical activity on people's health outcomes. The aim of this study is to propose an approach to classifying physical activity in free-living conditions for physical activity research using published smartphone accelerometer data. Random forest and gradient boosting are used to predict jogging, walking, sitting, and standing. Generated training models based on the two classifiers are tested on accelerometer data collected from the smartphones of two subjects in free-living conditions. GPS trajectories with predicted physical activity labels are visually explored on a map to offer new insight on the assessment of the predicted results of daily activities and the identification of any difference in the results between random forest and gradient boosting. The findings of this study indicate that random forest and gradient boosting enable accurate physical activity classification in free-living conditions. GPS trajectories linked with predicted labels on a map assist the visual exploration of the erroneous prediction in daily activities including in-vehicle activities.