太阳能采暖在行政办公楼的应用探讨

针对行政办公楼,使用综合能源价格法对太阳能地板采暖与常规热源采暖进了经济效益对比,并对太阳能采暖与生活用热水联合进行了节能、环保效益分析,得出行政办公楼的最优采暖方案.     

太阳能散热器采暖与热水供应技术实验研究

通过太阳能采暖与热水供应系统在夏热冬冷地区的实验,测试了系统采暖及提供生活热水时,太阳能集热系统、采暖系统、辅助热源等部分的相关数据,并在实验中分别对采暖房间与非采暖房间的室内温度进行了测试。通过实验数据分析了太阳能采暖与热水供应系统在夏热冬冷地区使用应考虑的问题,并给出系统设计及运行过程中提高系统性能的有关建议,为有关设计提供参考。     

太阳能在内蒙古民用建筑中的应用

通过分析内蒙古传统民用建筑的特点;并因地制宜、充分利用本地区丰富的太阳能资源,对内蒙古地区利用太阳能解决采暖和生活用热水的可行性、经济性进行分析。     

太阳能供热采暖技术讲座(5) 太阳能供热采暖系统的设计(上)

<正>一太阳能供热采暖系统设计流程太阳能供热采暖系统是将太阳能转换成热能,供给建筑物冬季采暖和全年其他用热系统,系统的构成与太阳能热水系统类似。系统设计主要涉及以下内容:(1)系统选型;(2)太阳能集热器面积确定;(3)设备选型,如储热水箱、水泵、辅助热源等;(4)采暖、供热末端设计;(5)系统环境和经济效益分析。系统设计流程如图1所示。     

太阳能蒸发面板为辅助热源的空气源热泵系统的分析

在传统太阳能热泵基础上,提出中间安装有制冷剂蒸发管的太阳能为辅助热源的空气源热泵,能够解决夏季制冷、冬季采暖和全年热水供应问题,同时在寒冷高湿地区也可以除霜。节能经济性可观。     

太阳能热水-采暖联合系统

目前在欧洲流行的太阳能联合系统,是将太阳能热水技术和建筑采暖技术相结合,以提供充足的生活热水和舒适的采暖环境,文章介绍了太阳能联合系统的特点和典型系统的运行原理,以及该技术在欧盟的应用概况.     

太阳能地板辐射系统用于夜间采暖时系统性能的实验研究

利用太阳能集热器制得低温热水作为地板辐射采暖系统的热源,是一种清洁、节能、舒适的采暖方式。在南京地区搭建了太阳能地板辐射采暖系统实验台,系统运行策略为白天集热、夜晚采暖,通过实验得到了集热器集热效率、地板进出水温度、室内不同朝向围护结构温度、不同高度的空气温度等参数,最后对系统的性能进行了概括和总结。     

两种太阳能采暖形式的对比与分析

太阳能供热采暖系统是近年来国内逐渐发展起来的太阳能热利用技术.目前,国内安装的太阳能供热采暖系统,大致分为太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖和太阳能散热器对流采暖两种形式.     

北方典型农村住宅太阳能辅助采暖优化设计

为解决北方农村住宅冬季室内温度低、采暖能耗高的问题,以辽宁省宽甸县的典型农村住宅为研究对象,利用建筑能耗模拟软件DeST建立原农宅结构模型。通过正交试验对农宅的建筑结构及保温措施进行优化,并设计了太阳能辅助采暖系统。结果表明:优化后建筑比原农宅单位面积热负荷降低38.41%;采用太阳能热水系统和生物质采暖系统共同向建筑供热,当太阳能热水系统的供热量和生物质采暖炉的供热量分别为建筑采暖总需热量的25%和75%时,经济性最佳。太阳能热水辅助供暖方案每年冬季可节能11 768.85 MJ。     

太阳能供热采暖技术讲座(3)太阳能采暖和热水组合系统

一 太阳能组合系统的概念 从第二讲介绍的液体集热器太阳能采暖系统可见,太阳能采暖系统和太阳能热水系统的基本构成是非常相似的.为此,国外太阳能界早已将太阳能采暖系统和太阳能热水系统建成同一套系统,并将这种系统称为Solar Combisystem.这是近年来国际上刨造的一个新英语单词,本讲座暂且将它翻译为"太阳能组合系统".利用同一套太阳能采暖和热水组合系统,既可以为建筑物提供房屋采暖,又可以为用户提供生活热水.     

建筑形式对太阳能热利用的影响研究

以上海地区的住宅建筑为研究对象,通过模拟分析的方法,采用DeST软件计算确定建筑逐时的采暖、空调能耗,研究分析窗墙比对建筑全年采暖能耗、全年空调能耗以及全年采暖、空调总能耗的影响规律,研究分析太阳辐射热增加所导致采暖能耗的降低幅度与外围护结构保温性能两者之间的定量关系。计算结果表示在夏季外窗遮阳和夜间通风的条件下,加大南向窗墙比可增强太阳能的热利用效率,降低建筑全年的采暖、空调总能耗;而外围护结构保温性能的增强则可降低室内向室外散热的程度,相应提高对冬季太阳辐射的热利用程度,从而达到降低采暖能耗的目的。     

Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building

This paper introduces and evaluates a novel heating and cooling concept employing thermo-active building systems and environmental energy, harnessed from two 11-m³ rainwater cisterns for a 285-m² residential building in passive house standard in Germany. The building strives for a significantly reduced primary energy use with carefully coordinated measures, such as high quality building envelope, by means of vacuum insulated panels, supply and exhaust air system with heat recovery, reduced solar heat gains (solar shading), and the integration of thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic in the plant system. On this premise, a comprehensive long-term monitoring in high time-resolution was carried out for the building for two years with an accompanying commissioning of the building performance. Measurements comprise the energy use for heating, cooling, and ventilation, as well as the auxiliary equipment, the performance of the environmental heat source and sink (rainwater cistern), thermal comfort, and local climatic site conditions.     

农村太阳能供暖住宅

以农村住宅进行太阳能供暖模拟试验得出的结论为依据,提出农村太阳能供暖住宅的设计方案:①提高农村住宅的保温隔热性能.降低建筑能耗;②要创新太阳能供暖设备,提高供暖系统的热效率;③实施太阳能与建筑一体化,使住宅热负荷与太阳能集热器的有用热量相匹配,实现农村住宅的主房间室内温度常年保持在16℃～28℃之间波动,居住舒适.     

综合建筑空调节能技术

介绍了建筑空调节能的综合性技术,包括建筑外观特征与围护结构的节能技术(建筑朝向、布局、围护结构保温隔热、气密性、窗墙比)、建筑空调设备的节能运行技术(蓄能空调、热回收、变频技术)和建筑空调能源利用的节能技术(水源热泵、地源热泵、免费供冷、太阳能)。强调了建筑节能的社会效益和环境效益。     

Shading effects on the winter thermal performance of the Trombe wall air gap: An experimental study in Dalian

There has been little research on the application of shading devices in the air gap of the Trombe wall in China. Experiments on the thermal performance of an advanced Trombe wall with shading in the air gap was conducted in a passive solar house in Dalian. The thermal performance was investigated with regard to the simultaneous temperatures, heat gain and their acquisition of the Trombe wall. By analyzing experimental data, an investigation was carried out on the heat preservation effect by the shading device on a winter night. The theoretical optimum fixed location of the shading in the air gap for minimizing the heat loss was also discussed. Finally, the influence of shading on improving indoor thermal comfort was discussed using the concept of the building envelope response factor (BER) presented earlier by Lukic [The transient house heating condition—the building envelope response factor (BER). Renewable Energy 2003;28(4):523–32].     

温控下被动式太阳房辅助热源量的动态分析

减少对辅助热源的依赖是太阳能建筑设计的一个重要目标,利用建筑自身的集热蓄热能力,可以减少辅助热源量.研究了根据一维热网络模型、温控下辅助热源量的计算公式及热平衡方程,计算不同辅助热源的控制常数以及设定温度下室内温度和辅助热源量的变化;分析了不同的热源控制常数取值和设定温度对室内温度和辅助热源量的影响;讨论了设定温度对墙体蓄热利用的影响.     

Solar XXI building: Proof of concept or a concept to be proved?

Solar XXI building is a low energy office building where passive and active solar strategies have been applied to reduce the use of energy for heating, cooling and lighting, combining also an extensive photovoltaic façade for electricity production. Solar XXI opened in 2006 and is considered a high efficient building, close to a net zero energy building (NZEB), where the difference between the energy consumed and that produced is 1/10^th of the energy consumed by a Portuguese standard new office building. Its design includes many energy efficiency concepts, such as a high insulated envelope, south sun exposure, windows external shading, photovoltaic panels heat recovery, ground-cooling system, daylighting, stack effect and cross ventilation. The solar gains of the windows and the effectiveness of shading devices were evaluated in order to correlate solar radiation, external and indoor air temperatures. It was also verified that amplitude-dampening of ground-cooled air ranged between 5 and 8 °C, following the trend of the analytical solution for heat diffusion of a cylindrical air/soil heat-exchanger.     

Solar heat gain factors and heat loss coefficients for passive heating concepts

The concept of solar heat gain factor has been introduced for calculating the net energy gain of passive heating elements and other components of a building as a result of incident solar radiation. For passive heating concepts (namely, the direct gain, mass wall, water wall, Trombe wall, and solarium), exact analytical expressions have been obtained for the solar heat gain factors and the corresponding overall heat loss coefficients. These will allow a building designer to calculate immediately the overall heat gain/loss in a building. Numerical calculations have been done for typical values of solar radiation and ambient temperature of typical climatic conditions in India. The method has been compared with the other methods reported in the literature so far. A good comparison is found between the earlier methods and the method of using solar gain factors and the corresponding heat transfer values.     

冬季特朗贝墙内置卷帘对墙体热性能的影响

对大连地区某被动式太阳实验房进行实验研究,通过对玻璃幕墙内壁面温度、夹层内空气温度、特朗贝墙墙体温度等相关参数及室外气象参数等的实测,定量地分析了冬季夜间特朗贝墙采用卷帘保温的效果。并且通过有限空间自然对流换热理论计算分析,提出了更为合理的卷帘安装位置,最后根据围护结构响应因子BER指标,讨论了使用卷帘对提高室内热舒适性的影响。