纳米Al_2O_3/聚苯硫醚改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料摩擦特性

使用MRH-3型环-块摩擦磨损试验机在不同实验条件下对纳米氧化铝(Nano-Al_2O_3)与聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的摩擦磨损状况进行了测试并在线测量了摩擦表层瞬时温度。采用扫描电镜对磨损表面形貌和转移膜形貌进行了观察与分析。结果表明,复合材料摩擦磨损特性与纳米粒子含量及摩擦表层温度有关;3%(体积分数)Nano-Al_2O_3/PPS/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性最佳;摩擦过程中表层瞬时温度呈现3个阶段:线性升温、温度缓慢变化和稳定阶段,且升温幅度随Nano-Al_2O_3含量的增加而增大;当载荷和速度分别超过200 N和2 m/s时,复合材料磨损率与摩擦表层温度均大幅上升,但摩擦热平衡所需时间却大幅缩短,此时摩擦表面形貌与转移膜形貌均发生明显变化;当环境温度在25~140℃变化时复合材料摩擦性能变化不显著。     

真空吸注法制备C/SiC摩擦材料及其性能

以针刺碳毡为预制体,将成品SiC粉末、酚醛树脂机械搅拌成混合浆液,采用真空吸注法制备C/SiC摩擦材料,测定了不同SiC含量摩擦材料的致密性,利用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同接触载荷工况下C/SiC摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能,并采用USB电子显微镜观察其表面磨损形貌。研究结果表明:C/SiC复合材料的磨损率随着SiC含量的增加呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,其摩擦系数呈增加趋势,但随着接触载荷的增加其磨损率、摩擦系数均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。综合比较,当SiC含量为25%时,其复合材料的致密性、摩擦性能最好,磨损率为2.3×10~(-7)g·N~(-1)m~(-1),摩擦系数为0.42,密度达到1.28g/cm~3。     

三维编织复合材料在润滑条件下的摩擦性能

利用树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺制备了三维编织炭纤维/环氧(C3D/EP)复合材料.采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了该材料润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,探讨了载荷及滑动速度等外界因素的影响;并采用XL30 ESEM电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌,分析了其磨损机理.结果表明,润滑条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能远优于干摩擦,且磨合期较短;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率降低,但滑动速度对摩擦磨损性能的影响很小;润滑条件下的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损.     

纳米ZnO和SiO2共混填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

以纳米ZnO和纳米SiO2作为复合填料,通过热压成型工艺制备了纳米ZnO-SiO2复合填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料;采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢配副时的摩擦磨损行为;采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损表面形貌。结果表明,适量的纳米ZnO-SiO2作为复合填料可有效地改善UHMWPE的摩擦磨损性能,其中填充2%ZnO 2%SiO2的UHMWPE基复合材料改性效果最为明显。与纯UHMWPE材料相比,其磨损率下降了84.7%。纯UHMWPE的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,而不同含量的无机纳米微粒共混填充UHMWPE基复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损、犁沟效应和塑性变形特征。     

新型纳米Al2O3强化铜基复合材料的制备及其摩擦学性能

纳米复合材料是目前的研究热点,采用热压烧结法制备了纳米Al2O3颗粒强化铜基复合材料。采用阿基米德排水法测试了复合材料的致密度,采用硬度计测试其硬度,采用表面三维形貌仪测量其磨损体积并观察磨痕的三维形貌;采用摩擦磨损试验机研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能并分析其磨损机制;采用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌、分析磨痕的化学成分;研究了工艺参数及Al2O3含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料的最佳热压制备工艺为热压温度900℃,热压压力27.5 MPa,保温时间2 h,所得铜基复合材料的相对致密度达99.03%;随Al2O3含量增加,复合材料的硬度增加,耐磨性先升高后降低;Al2O3含量为2%时,复合材料磨损量最少,相对耐磨性为3.13,硬度较纯铜提高了35.5%;随Al2O3含量的增加,铜基复合材料的磨损机制从以黏着磨损为主转变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

纳米碳化锆改性填充聚四氟乙烯-聚苯硫醚复合材料摩擦磨损性能

采用冷压成型烧结工艺法,制备纳米碳化锆(Nano-ZrC)与聚苯硫醚(PPS)填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)基复合材料。采用邵氏硬度仪、万能材料试验机、扫描电镜分别表征了复合材料的显微结构及力学特性;使用MRH-3型环-块摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合材料在不同实验条件下的摩擦学性能,并通过非接触3D轮廓仪及X射线光电子能谱仪对磨损表面及转移膜进行了检测分析。结果表明:随着纳米碳化锆含量的增加,复合材料硬度上升,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及冲击强度下降;纳米碳化锆使得复合材料耐磨性得到显著提升,且其体积分数为5%时复合材料摩擦学性能最佳;纳米碳化锆增强了转移膜的物理粘附能力,并促进其化学吸附作用;当载荷提升至300 N,摩擦速度提升至3 m/s时,复合材料摩擦磨损性能大幅降低,转移膜形貌发生明显变化;环境温度(25~140℃)对复合材料摩擦磨损性能影响不明显。     

含NbSe2的铜基电接触复合材料的制备及其真空摩擦学性能研究

本研究采用粉末冶金工艺制备出含纳米NbSe₂(1wt%~9wt%)的铜-石墨自润滑复合材料。在微摩擦试验机及超低温摩擦试验机上进行摩擦磨损实验, 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM )等分析其物相、形貌及磨痕, 并探讨了该复合材料在大气、真空试验条件下的磨损机理。结果表明: NbSe₂的加入显著提高铜基复合材料的摩擦学性能; 真空干摩擦条件下不含NbSe₂复合材料的摩擦系数有所增大, 但添加NbSe₂(5.5wt%)的自润滑复合材料摩擦系数更小(μ=0.185), 承载能力更高, 其磨损是粘着磨损、接触疲劳磨损共同作用的结果。     

复合材料摩擦磨损试验

本文介绍了一台环块式试验机,用于研究复合材料摩擦磨损性能。试环(钢环)和柱状PSAf/PTFE复合材料的对摩形成摩擦副,摩擦副的存在产生摩擦力,采用压力传感器测量实验中产生的摩擦力,并间断测量试件的磨损量参数,通过摩擦力和磨损量的参数变化来研究PSAf/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。试验机采取直线导轨滑块机构,将摩擦副处旋转产生的摩擦力转换成水平力,四个直线轴承保证了载荷垂直作用于试环试块,避免发生偏载现象;通过多次对柱状PSAf/PTFE复合材料的试验,证明该试验机工作的稳定性,通过研究柱状PSAf/PTFE复合材料磨损过程,分析其摩擦磨损机理,并评判材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

莫来石填充的聚四氟乙烯复合材料及其摩擦学性能

采用机械混匀、带温预压、烧结等工艺制备了莫来石填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,通过万能材料试验机、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、静态热机械分析仪(TMA)分别表征了复合材料的力学性能、物相和热学性质;研究使用MRH-3型高速环块磨损试验机来测试复合材料的耐摩擦磨损性能,借助场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了复合材料摩擦面形貌并分析摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:莫来石在PTFE体系中起填充增强作用,改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的弹性模量显著增加;莫来石的填充提高了聚四氟乙烯的玻璃化转变温度,其平均线膨胀系数也呈下降趋势;当莫来石的质量分数由0增加至50%时,复合材料的摩擦系数呈先降低、后升高的趋势,复合材料的耐磨损性能显著改善;当莫来石的质量分数为40%时,其磨损率降低至纯聚四氟乙烯的1/530。     

Graphene/SiO2纳米复合材料作为水基润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能

以石墨烯和正硅酸乙酯为原料用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Graphene/SiO₂纳米复合材料，用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机评价其作为水基润滑添加剂在不同载荷和浓度下的摩擦学性能。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段表征了摩擦副的表面形貌和元素特征。结果表明：在15N载荷工况下，Graphene/SiO₂纳米复合材料作为添加剂在超纯水中含量为0.2%(质量分数)时具有最佳的摩擦学性能，比超纯水的摩擦系数降低了17.9%，钢球磨损率降低了61.7%。基于磨损表面分析提出的润滑机制为：在摩擦过程中，Graphene/SiO₂纳米复合材料在磨损表面生成的物理吸附膜、Graphene的层状剪切作用以及SiO₂在磨损表面的修复作用和滚珠轴承作用，使超纯水的摩擦学性能提高。     

Tribological properties of surface modified nano-alumina/epoxy composites

Nano-sized Al₂O₃ particles grafted with polystyrene or polyarcrylamide were employed as fillers for fabricating epoxy based composites. Curing habit, mechanical properties and tribological performance revealed by sliding wear tests of the composites were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the nanoparticles accelerate curing of epoxy, increase composites' impact strength and decrease wear rate and frictional coefficient of the composites. The surface modification by means of grafting polymerization can further enhance the properties improvement of epoxy due to the increased filler/matrix interfacial interaction. Compared to frictional coefficient, wear rate of epoxy can be decreased more remarkably by the addition of nano-alumina when rubbing against steel. The wear mode changes from severe peeling off of unfilled epoxy to mild micro-ploughing in the case of nano-alumina filled composites.     

PS／OMMT纳米复合材料作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能

用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯/有机蒙脱土(PS/OMMT)纳米复合材料,并利用 XRD对其结构进行表征.利用四球机考察了纳米复合材料在AN 10油中的摩擦学性能,表明所合成的PS/OMMT纳米杂化材料能提高基础油的抗磨性能及承载能力,降低其摩擦系数;复合材料中OMMT含量对摩擦学性能影响很大.EDX能谱研究结果表明,在低负荷下PS/OMMT纳米复合材料在钢球表面铺展成膜,在高负荷下,聚合物分解,裸露出纳米结构的高度分散蒙脱土片层具有高活性,能在钢球的磨斑表面成膜,改善润滑油高负荷下的摩擦学性能.     

Influence of functional graphene as filler on the tribological behaviors of Nomex fabric/phenolic composite

Graphene and polystyrene functionalized graphene (PS-graphene) had been synthesized, and were employed as fillers to improve the anti-wear property and load-carrying capacity of Nomex fabric/phenolic composites. Pin-on-disk type wear tests show that the friction coefficients and wear rates for both graphene and PS-graphene filled fabric/phenolic composites were reduced, when compared with unfilled fabric composite. Moreover, it was found that the 2 wt% PS-graphene filled Nomex fabric/phenolic composites exhibited the optimal tribological properties. The enhancement on the wear property of graphene and PS-graphene filled Nomex fabric composite was mainly due to the self-lubrication of graphene and the easy-formed transfer film on the counterpart pin. We also investigated the effect of filler content, applied load, and sliding speed on the tribological properties of the Nomex fabric/phenolic composites.     

Tribological properties of polymer nanohybrids containing gold nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation

We have studied polystyrene (PS)+Au particles nanohybrids. Approximately spherical gold nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm were obtained by laser ablation in a liquid environment. Thus any chemical residue on the particles was eliminated. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling plus scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation show that Au particles are fairly well dispersed inside the polymer matrix, better than when PS is simply dissolved in a nanoparticle solution. The Au particles concentration as low as 0.15 wt% results in dramatic changes in tribological properties, namely dynamic friction and pin-on-disk wear. Both wear and dynamic friction results are explained in terms of high brittleness of PS, abrasion of Au particles against a ceramic indenter, and also effects of density of filler particles in the matrix on tribological properties. Effects of varying normal load on friction are small.     

Influence of date palm fibre and graphite filler on mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy composites

In this article, mechanical and tribological performance of the epoxy composites based on graphite filler and/or date palm fibre are comprehensively discussed. The influence of the date palm fibre and/or graphite filler on the microstructure of the materials, tensile fracture samples, and worn surface of tribological samples are examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that interfacial adhesion of the date palm fibre with the epoxy is the key of the mechanical and tribological performance of natural fibre/polymer composites. The addition of the graphite is highly recommended for the natural fibre/polymer composites which can assist to reduce the friction which in turn enhances the wear characteristics of the polymer composites; however, the high content of the graphite deteriorates the mechanical properties.     

Effect of core–shell composite particles on the sintering behavior and properties of nano-Al2O3/polystyrene composite prepared by SLS

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles coated with polystyrene (PS) by emulsion polymerization were used as fillers to reinforce PS based composites prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS). The influences of the treated and untreated nanoparticles on the sintering behavior and mechanical properties of the laser sintered specimens were investigated. It was found that there were many uneven holes in the untreated composites. However, for the treated composites, due to the nanoparticle surfaces treated by emulsion polymerization, the absorbance of laser was improved and the nanoparticles dispersed well in the polymer matrix; a full dense structure was obtained and the properties were enhanced, such as the notched impact strength increased 50%, the maximum value was 12.1 kJ/m²; the tensile strength increased up to 300%, the maximum value was 31.2 MPa, comparing to the unfilled PS. FE-SEM studied the tensile fractured surfaces of the sintered specimens. It was noted that the fractured surfaces of composites with treated nanoparticles were rougher than those of unfilled PS and those of the untreated composite. Drawing from the results, it can be confirmed that a full dense structure can be obtained and the polystyrene matrix was strengthened and toughened when the nanoparticles were coated with PS by emulsion polymerization. This work forms a theoretical and technique basis for the production of selective laser sintered nano-Al₂O₃/PS functional products.     

Improved mechanical properties of HIPS/hydroxyapatite composites by surface modification of hydroxyapatite via in-situ polymerization of styrene

High impact polystyrene (HIPS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are potential biomaterials for bone replacements due to their good biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties. At the present work, the surface of the micron-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) particles was modified by in situ polymerization of styrene (St), then compounded with HIPS. The effect of the modification of HA surface on morphology and mechanical properties of HIPS/HA composites were investigated. The results showed that the HA particles does not inhibit the polymerization of St. The PS segments coated on the HA surface by in situ polymerization of St enhances the compatibility between HA and HIPS, improves the dispersion of HA particles in HIPS matrix, and enhances the interfacial adhesion between HA and matrix. Thereby, the stiffness, tensile strength and notch impact strength of HIPS/HA composites are improved at the same time. And there is a critical coating thickness of PS on the HA surface for the optimum mechanical properties of HIPS/HA composites.     

hBN含量对Si3N4-hBN复相陶瓷性能和微观结构的影响

利用纳米级粉体经热压烧结制备了Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷, 研究了hBN含量对Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷致密度、力学性能、摩擦学性能、微观结构的影响。用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法和维氏压痕法测量材料的致密度、力学性能; 用摩擦磨损试验机测试材料的摩擦学性能; 用XRD、EDAX和SEM、LSCM分析观察材料的物相组成和微观结构。研究结果表明, 随着hBN含量的增加, 复相陶瓷的密度将会持续下降, 气孔率先是急剧上升, 然后趋于平缓, 力学性能持续下降, 干摩擦条件下复相陶瓷与GCr15配副的摩擦学性能呈现先提高后降低的趋势, 当hBN含量低于20wt%时, 随着hBN含量的增加, 摩擦系数和磨损率逐渐减小; 当hBN含量大于20wt%时, 摩擦系数和磨损率急剧增大; hBN含量为20wt%时, 获得最低的摩擦系数为0.31。hBN的引入直接影响Si₃N₄-hBN复相陶瓷的微观组织结构, 进而影响复合陶瓷的力学性能和摩擦学性能。     

Study on the effects of nanoparticulates of SiC,Al2O3, and ZnO on the mechanical and tribological performance of epoxy-based nanocomposites

In this research work, mechanical and tribological characteristics of ortho cresol novalac epoxy (OCNE)-based nanocomposites filled with nanoparticulates of SiC, Al₂O_3, and ZnO have been investigated. Also, in these investigations, the influence of wear parameters such as applied normal load, sliding velocity, filler contents, and sliding distance have been explored. The experimental plan for four factors at three levels using face centered composite design (CCD) has been employed by the response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The friction and wear tests were carried out using a pin on disc wear test apparatus under dry sliding conditions. The hardness and flexural strength of nano ortho cresol novalac epoxy composites filled with nano (SiC, Al₂O_3, and ZnO) particulates increases with an increase in the filler contents. Whereas, the tensile strength of these nanocomposites increases with an increase in the filler contents from 1 to 2 wt%, and with a further increase in filler contents the tensile strength decreases. The results of the study also showed that (2 wt%) filler contents bring superior mechanical and tribological properties. The lowest coefficient of friction and specific wear rate were found with nano Al₂O₃-filled composites. Also, the wear mechanisms of these nanocomposites were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an EDS analyzer.     

石墨/聚四氟乙烯/玻璃纤维改性PA6的力学和摩擦磨损性能

采用石墨(Gr)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和玻璃纤维(GF)改性聚酰胺6(PA6),以提高PA6的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能。重点研究了填料组合、配比、载荷和转速对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,通过磨损表面形貌分析探讨了摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:Gr/PTFE/GF混杂改性PA6能明显降低摩擦系数并提高耐磨性,PA6/Gr/PTFE/GF质量比为70/5/10/15时摩擦系数和磨损率最低,且在高转速(40N,1500r/min)下摩擦磨损性能更好,摩擦系数为0.08,比PA6降低了27%,磨损率为5.5×10~(-6) mm~3/(N·m),比PA6降低了1个数量级,且该复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、储能模量和损耗模量都高于PA6。