纳米科技在聚合物改性方面的应用

无机纳米粒子改性的聚合物复合材料综合了无机、有机、纳米材料的优良特性,在许多领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了国内外无机纳米粒子对聚合物改性,尤其是增强增韧的应用成果及最新进展,并分析了改性机理,指出了国内纳米粒子改性聚合物的发展前景与方向。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备与研究

综述了聚合物基纳米复合材料的分类及制备方法．分别从无机纳米粒子改性、蒙脱土插层改性以及碳纳米管改性等方面阐述了近年来聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究状况。纳米粒子团聚是聚合物基纳米复合材料制备过程中存在的主要问题之一。实现工业化是聚合物基纳米复合材料的发展方向。     

聚合物无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了纳米粒子的特性和无机纳米粒子对聚合物改性的机理。总结了聚合物无机纳米复合材料的制备方法。     

异氰酸酯改性纳米粒子的制备方法与应用

综述了异氰酸酯改性纳米粒子的制备方法、分散稳定性及其接枝聚合物形成纳米复合材料的性能特征。概括了经接枝改性后形成的有机/无机杂化纳米复合材料在涂料、生物医疗等领域广泛的应用前景和研究价值,提出了今后纳米复合材料研究的重点和方向。     

纳米科学技术进展和前景（Ⅲ）—兼论在化工新材料（含涂料）领域的应用

２．１．３ 聚合物基纳米复合材料的小结 除上述聚合物／无机纳米粒子复合材料、聚合物／有机插层改性无机纳米复合材料外,还有聚合物／聚合物分子复合材料。聚合物基纳米复合材料性能与用途见表５;聚合物基纳米复合材料的制法和应用汇总于图７;团聚的纳米粒子分散在聚合物基体中见图８;接技纳米粒子分散在聚合物基体中的可能结构见图９。２．２ 在医药、生化、环保上应用前景２．２．１ 在药物输运系统上应用 纳米技术导致药物制造和输运的根本改变,有望影响下个１０年全世界价值３ ８００亿美元的药物市场的一半,其中美国公司的市场…     

聚丙烯／无机纳米粒子复合材料研究进展

近年来随着纳米科技的兴起,无机纳米粒子已逐步应用于聚合物改性,在不改变聚合物原有加工性能的同时,使其综合性能获得明显改善,成为增值的重要手段。文章详细介绍了聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子复合材料的研究进展,内容包括这类复合材料的制备及无机纳米粒子的表面改性,特别是有关复合材料力学性能提高的方法和原理。     

纳米技术在聚合物改性方面的研究进展

综述了国内外纳米技术在聚合物改性方面的最新进展。无机纳米粒子改性聚合物的方法包括；直接生成法，原位生成法，插层复合法和反相微乳液法，其中直接生成法简单易行，但解决不了纳米粒子的团聚问题，其余方法则可使纳米粒子均匀分散在聚合物中形成纳米复合材料，无机纳米粒子改性后的聚合物既具有突出的力学性能，又有许多功能性，综合了无机，有机，纳米材料的优良性能，在许多领域有广阔的应用前景。     

POSS/丙烯酸酯复合材料的合成及在疏水中的应用研究进展

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)由于其纳米级有机-无机结构,且纳米级别的无机核被有机官能团包围,使其成为构建纳米杂化材料和纳米复合材料的理想结构,引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了POSS用于增强疏水性能的丙烯酸酯聚合物复合材料的最新进展,重点介绍了POSS作为疏水单元,采用物理或共聚的方法与丙烯酸酯复合,合成不同结构的POSS/丙烯酸酯复合材料,以满足所需的疏水要求。POSS/丙烯酸酯复合材料具有良好的疏水性能,同时具有优异的物理性能。     

纳米无机粒子选择性分布与迁移对聚合物共混物形态与性能的影响

综述了纳米无机粒子在聚合物合金中选择性分布的影响因素及纳米无机粒子在聚合物中分散的重要性,重点从相行为、相形态、力学性能、电学性能、流变行为、结晶和熔融行为以及光学性能等方面总结了近年来纳米无机粒子在聚合物共混物中的选择性分布与迁移对以聚合物共混物为基体的纳米复合材料的形态和性能的影响。特别强调了如何利用热力学和动力学因素调控纳米无机粒子在聚合物合金中的分布。     

等规聚丙烯增韧增强的研究进展

阐述了近年来国内外应用有机聚合物及无机刚性粒子对等规聚丙烯(iPP)增韧增强改性的研究进展,讨论了各种改性手段的优缺点,展望了通过形成纳米级复合材料的方法对iPP增韧增强的前景     

Efficient Dispersion of Magnetite Nanoparticles in the Polyurethane Matrix Through Solution Mixing and Investigation of the Nanocomposite Properties

Recent studies on inorganic/polymer nanocomposites have shown enhancements in thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties over the neat polymer without compromising density, toughness, and processibility. When nanoparticles are incorporated into the polymer matrix, significant enhancements in thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are observed. The present study is focused on the preparation and characterization of nanosize magnetite-reinforced PU composites, which induces magnetic properties to a specific thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. The nanocomposites are prepared and the effects of magnetite content on thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites are evaluated. Ultrasonication was used to disperse the nanoparticles and break up any large clumps and aggregates and followed by mechanical mixing. The magnetic nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Characterization of the magnetic nanocomposite by FT-IR showed a successful incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix. TGA and magnetometry of the magnetic nanocomposites revealed the amount of magnetite that was incorporated into the polymeric phase. Finally, the corresponding magnetization behavior of the nanocomposites was studied.     

Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites

Graphene-based materials are single- or few-layer platelets that can be produced in bulk quantities by chemical methods. Herein, we present a survey of the literature on polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based fillers including recent work using graphite nanoplatelet fillers. A variety of routes used to produce graphene-based materials are reviewed, along with methods for dispersing these materials in various polymer matrices. We also review the rheological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of these composites, and how each of these composite properties is dependent upon the intrinsic properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in the matrix. An overview of potential applications for these composites and current challenges in the field are provided for perspective and to potentially guide future progress on the development of these promising materials.     

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid organic–inorganic materials based on sulphonated polyamideimide and silica

The preparation of hybrid organic–inorganic membrane materials based on a sulphonated polyamideimide resin and silica filler has been studied. The method allows the sol–gel process to proceed in the presence of a high molecular weight polyamideimide, resulting in well dispersed silica nanoparticles (<50 nm) within the polymer matrix with chemical bonding between the organic and inorganic phases. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as the silica precursor and the organosilicate networks were bonded to the polymer matrix via a coupling agent aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTrEOS). The structure and properties of these hybrid materials were characterized via a range of techniques including FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM and contact angle analysis. It was found that the compatibility between organic and inorganic phases has been greatly enhanced by the incorporation of APTrEOS. The thermal stability and hydrophilic properties of hybrid materials have also been significantly improved.     

Dispersivity of modified ZnO and characterization of polyurethane/ZnO composites

The properties of inorganic nanoparticles/polymer composites depend on the dispersivity of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. The effect of surface modification on the dispersivity of ZnO nanoparticles in a polyurethane (PU) resin matrix was investigated. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. The scanning electron micrographs show that ZnO nanoparticles (CDI–SA–APS–ZnO), which were modified by aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and activated stearic acid (SA) by N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), can be homogeneously dispersed and had been encapsulated in the PU phase. The interfacial compatibility between ZnO nanoparticles and PU matrix was significantly improved by hydrophobically modifying ZnO nanoparticles with APS and SA. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PU/CDI–SA–APS–ZnO nanocomposites increased by 82 and 64% respectively, compared with the pure PU material. The thermal stability and ultraviolet‐shielding properties were also improved by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into the PU matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:237–244, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Surface‐modified MgO nanoparticle enhances the mechanical and direct‐current electrical characteristics of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer nanodielectrics

Polypropylene (PP)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) blends and MgO/PP/POE nanocomposites were fabricated by melt blending. The morphology, mechanical, and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface‐modified MgO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer matrix at low loadings of less than 3 phr. X‐ray diffraction demonstrated that the crystalline phases of PP in the composites were changed and that the β phase significantly increased. An examination of the electrical properties revealed that the direct‐current (dc) electric breakdown strength and space‐charge suppression effect were remarkably improved by the introduction of the surface‐modified MgO nanoparticles. In addition, obvious enhancements in the tensile modulus and strength were obtained as a result of the synergistic toughening of the POE and MgO nanoparticles. Thus, MgO/PP/POE nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties have great potential to be used as recyclable insulation materials for high‐voltage dc cables with large transmission capacities and high operating temperatures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 132, 42863.     

Effect of particle morphology on viscoelastic and flexural properties of epoxy–alumina polymer nanocomposites

Nanocomposites were synthesised by dispersing two different types of alumina nanoparticles in epoxy matrix by ultrasonication. Alumina nanoparticles of two shapes, rod and spherical were selected to investigate the effect of particle morphology on viscoelastic and flexural properties of nanocomposites. Specific surface area of both the selected nanoparticles was kept in the similar range. Good dispersion of nanoparticles was observed through transmission electron microscopy. The addition of nanoparticles in epoxy had significant enhancement in the viscoelastic properties and moderate improvement in flexural properties of composites. Composites having alumina nanorods showed higher improvement both in storage modulus as well as in flexural properties in comparison to composites having spherical alumina nanoparticles. Efficacy of Mori-Tanaka method was explored in modelling storage modulus of nanocomposites. Assorted size of alumina nanorods based on particle size distribution was used to model composites with nanorods to see the effect of size assortment on storage modulus.     

Modification of silica nanoparticles and their application in UDMA dental polymeric composites

Advancements in nanocomposites are highly dependent on the compatibility between the organic matrix and inorganic fillers, and the dispersion level of fillers throughout the matrix. Silane coupling agents are widely used to change the chemical structure of particles' surface in order to improve their compatibility and dispersion properties of particles. SiO₂ nanoparticles were modified by ζ potential, turbidity, and relative viscosity. The results indicate that the stability and dispersion degree in organic solvents have been improved after the modification. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites with modified silica were also studied, which indicated that, after the predispersion of particles in organic media, the mechanical properties of materials could be improved, even at low filler content. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:198–207, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The viscoelastic properties of modified thermoplastic impregnated multiaxial aramid fabrics

This study reports the manufacture of new fabric forms from the preparation of hybrid laminated multiaxial composites with enhanced thermo‐mechanical properties. Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of polymer matrix films and fabricated hybrid composites were used to determine the optimal material composition and reinforcement content for composites with improved viscoelastic properties. The introduction of 5 wt% silica nanoparticles in a composite of p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) led to significant improvements in the mechanical properties, and the addition of silane coupling agents yielded maximal values of the storage modulus for hybrid nanocomposites. The introduction of silane led to a better dispersion and deagglomeration of SiO₂ particles, and to the formation of chemical bonds between organic and inorganic constituents, or p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) composites. In this way, the mobility of macromolecules was reduced, which can be seen from the decreasing value of damping factor for the p‐aramid–poly(vinyl butyral) composite. Analysis of the glass transition temperature of the composite with amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticles revealed improved thermal stability in addition to the aforementioned mechanical properties of the tested materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Investigation of the thermal,mechanical and morphological properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites

Research into organic–inorganic nanocomposites has recently become popular, particularly the development of new polymer nanocomposites. Compared to pristine polymers or conventional composites, these nanocomposites exhibit improved properties. The storage modulus of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposite slightly decreased with POSS content, but had a higher modulus from 50 to 100 °C. Some of the material appeared to be aggregated with 1 wt% POSS in the polymeric matrix. Conversely, with a POSS content of 5 wt%, a better dispersion of the nanoparticles was observed. The presence of POSS in the plasticised PVC compound had little influence on the final properties of the nanocomposites, showing weaker interactions between the POSS and the plasticised PVC compound. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry