鎓盐类阳离子光引发剂的研究进展

介绍了几种有代表性的鎓盐类阳离子光引发剂--芳基重氮盐、芳基翰盐和二烷基苯甲酰硫盐的研究进展情况,探讨了各引发剂的光解机理和优缺点,并提出了增强鎓盐光敏性的方法和相关机理,介绍了有代表性的3类光敏剂以及近年来研制的一些新型光敏剂,概述了大分子鎓盐引发剂的研究情况,最后简要说明了鎓盐阳离子引发刺的发展趋势及应用.     

高效光生酸剂的设计合成与性能研究

成功合成了一类新型硫铭盐光生酸剂，其结构经^1HNMR、IR分析确证，同时对其物理性质进行了基本考察。利用研究室确定的测定产酸效率的方法对新型硫铺盐和三嗪类光生酸剂的产酸性能进行了基本评价。通过比较实验结果得到，PAGC25′和PAGC17在405nm光源照射下，具有良好的产酸性能，从而筛选出比较高效的光生酸剂。     

光生酸剂光分解行为的研究

论文以对酸敏感的罗丹明B为示踪剂，通过采用分光光度法和荧光光谱法，建立了光生酸剂在溶剂中和在高分子薄膜中光分解行为的评价方法。研究结果表明，本研究提出的光生酸剂在溶液中和在高分子薄膜中产酸效率的评价方法切实可行，能够准确地定量评价光生酸剂的光化学反应和产酸行为，用这种测量方法可以评价现有的三嗪类与硫翁盐类光生酸剂的产酸优劣。     

新型锍鎓盐类光生酸剂的产酸性能研究

对合成的两种新型锍鎓盐光生酸剂进行了基本物性考察，表明它们有较高的热分解温度和在常用有机溶剂中有较好的溶解性，并考察了其在405、365nm下乙腈中的分解及产酸性能。根据本实验室研究的方法计算出分解量子产率和产酸效率。     

UV光催化桐油基多元醇的制备及表征

首先将桐油与甲醇经过酯交换反应制备桐酸甲酯,然后在浓硫酸的催化下将其与过氧化氢和乙酸反应,制备环氧桐酸甲酯,最后以阳离子光引发剂(三芳基硫鎓盐)为催化剂,在UV光照条件下催化环氧桐酸甲酯与二乙醇胺进行光化学开环反应,制备桐油基多元醇。并通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁波谱、凝胶色谱等方法来鉴定产物的结构。结果表明,在UV光下三芳基硫鎓盐可以催化环氧桐酸甲酯开环制备桐油基多元醇,其羟基值为599.54mg KOH/g,平均分子量为544。     

阳离子光聚合协同溶胶-凝胶法制备环氧/SiO2纳米复合材料及性能研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机前驱体,γ-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GPTS)为偶联剂,1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚(HDGE)为反应单体,三芳基六氟磷酸硫鎓盐为光引发剂,通过阳离子光固化和溶胶-凝胶过程制备了含SiO2纳米结构的环氧/SiO2复合材料。通过XRD、XPS、DSC、TGA和紫外-可见分光光谱仪表征测试了复合材料的结构、热性能以及光学性能。研究表明,在紫外光作用下HDGE发生环氧开环聚合,同时光解产生的强质子酸催化烷氧基硅烷水解缩合原位生成纳米SiO2;生成的SiO2均匀地分散在聚合物基质中且显著地提高了HDGE的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)以及热分解温度(Td),复合材料的光透过率较好。     

高分子硫杂蒽酮光引发剂的研究进展

硫杂蒽酮类光引发剂是光固化技术中广泛应用的一种光引发剂.高分子硫杂蒽酮光引发剂由于抗迁移能力强、毒性低和引发效率高等优点,已成为研究的热点.根据高分子硫杂蒽酮光引发剂的制备机理将其分为共聚型、加聚型和缩合型,并进一步根据溶解性能将其细分为油溶性、水溶性和两亲性等;评述了各类高分子硫杂蒽酮光引发剂的合成方法及其主要性能,展望了高分子硫杂蒽酮光引发剂的发展趋势.     

甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯与甲基丙烯酸共聚树脂成像性能研究

本研究合成了甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯（TBMA）的均聚物及其与甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、苯乙烯（St）的共聚物,并与二乙烯基醚（BPA-DEVE）和光生酸剂（PAG）构成光敏成像体系。研究了两种不同光生酸剂和不同后烤版温度下体系的成像条件。研究表明：3,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯三嗪（DMOPV-TA）曝光产生的HCl对树脂中TBMA单元的酸解效果较差,但其对羧酸和BPA-DEVE形成的交联结构有较好的解交联效果;三苯胺硫鎓盐（TPASS）曝光产生的三氟甲磺酸对树脂中TBMA单元的酸解及体系解交联都有较好效果;同时,后烤版温度为140℃时成像感度高;在一定范围内,共聚树脂中MAA含量增加,体系的成像感度也增加。     

光产酸源的新进展

本人已对UV产酸物质、UV产酸过程及UV固化作过综述。在UV产酸固化过程中,光产酸物质(光产酸源)事实上是作为一种酸引发剂,去引发一些物质发生开环聚合、加成聚合或交联反应的。它是一个由小分子变为大分子或由线型高分子变为体型硕大分子的过程。其用途是作光硬化涂料和负     

荧光分光光度法在光生酸剂产酸测试中的应用

采用荧光分光光度法测试荧光素和罗丹明B作为荧光示踪剂的性能及介绍其在光生酸剂产酸测试中的应用。测试了膜中荧光素和罗丹明B两种示踪剂荧光强度与酸浓度的变化关系，比较了荧光素和罗丹明B在测试光生酸剂产酸中的性能优劣，从而得出了较优秀的荧光示踪剂。     

A New Model for the Thermal Conductivity of Molten Salts

A new model based on rough hard-sphere theory is proposed for the thermal conductivity of molten salts. The model incorporates a smooth hard-sphere contribution using the properties of argon, as well as characteristic parameters based on the melting point of the molten salt. It is demonstrated that it is possible to correlate the thermal conductivity of monovalent and multivalent molten salts within experimental error using this approach. Furthermore, in salts with a common anion, the single adjustable parameter in the model exhibits regular behavior with the molecular weight of the salt. It is also shown that the thermal conductivity of several molten-salt mixtures can be predicted without any mixture parameters.     

A rough hard-sphere model for the thermal conductivity of molten salts

A new model based on the rough hard-sphere theory is proposed for the correlation and prediction of the thermal conductivity of molten salts. The model is capable of predicting the thermal conductivity of all the members of a family of molten salts characterized by a common anion if the behavior of any single member of the family of salts is known. Only the molar volumes of the molten salt and the solid salt at the melting temperature are required in the calculations. In addition, the model is easily extended to mixtures with a simple mixing rule.     

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and explosive properties of potassium salts of trinitrophloroglucinol

Three different substituted potassium salts of trinitrophloroglucinol (H(3)TNPG) were prepared and characterized. The salts are all hydrates, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and elemental analysis confirmed that these salts contain crystal H2O and that the amount crystal H2O in potassium salts of H3TNPG is 1.0 hydrate for mono-substituted potassium salts of H3TNPG [K(H2TNPG)] and di-substituted potassium salt of H3TNPG [K2(HTNPG)], and 2.0 hydrate for tri-substituted potassium salt of H3TNPG [K3(TNPG)]. Their thermal decomposition mechanisms and kinetic parameters from 50 to 500 degrees C were studied under a linear heating rate by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Their thermal decomposition mechanisms undergo dehydration stage and intensive exothermic decomposition stage. FT-IR and TG studies verify that their final residua of decomposition are potassium cyanide or potassium carbonate. According to the onset temperature of the first exothermic decomposition process of dehydrated salts, the order of the thermal stability from low to high is from K(H2TNPG) and K2(HTNPG) to K3(TNPG), which is conform to the results of apparent activation energy calculated by Kissinger's and Ozawa-Doyle's method. Sensitivity test results showed that potassium salts of H3TNPG demonstrated higher sensitivity properties and had greater explosive probabilities.     

Thermal ionization ion mobility spectrometry of alkali salts

Positive and negative thermal ionization ion mobility spectra (TI-IMS) of some sodium and potassium halides are reported here. The data provide the first measurement of the thermal ionization ion mobility spectrometry of inorganic compounds. A thin Nichrome filament was used as a thermionic ionization source. Sample was directly deposited on the filament, where it was heated and ionized. Each salt produced a different ion mobility pattern, but all sodium salts spectra were common in their first peak. This peak differs from the common peak observed in the spectra of potassium salts. The drift time of the second peak in all spectra was found to be linearly dependent on the size of the counteranion of the salt. Negative thermal ionization ion mobility spectra of alkali halides were also observed. An alkali halide salt (MX), in general, produced its own anion as well as some heavier ions that are thought to be hydrated X- (MX)n species. The capability of the method in quantitative analysis was demonstrated by measuring potassium impurity in sodium bromide. A detection limit of 0.01% K+ in NaBr and a linear rage of 3 orders of magnitude were obtained. The results from this study suggest that TI-IMS has potential as a field technique for the detection of some elements in samples.     

含硫光引发剂的进展

综述了国内外近３０年含硫光引发剂或称光增感剂的进展。对其中性能较好、实用价值较大的硫杂蒽酮系、硫醚二苯甲酮系、锍盐或盐系，以及我们新研究开发成功的新型含硫光引发剂作了重点介绍。     

Thermal destruction of polymer-salt compositions containingd-metals in the form of oxygen-bearing anions

The behavior of polymer-salt compositions consisting of water-soluble nonionogenic polymers and salts containingd-metal-oxygen anions was studied in the range 20-700°C by thermal analysis, conductometry, optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and dilatometry. The salts used were ammonium heptamolybdate, ammonium B-paratungstate, and ammonium metavanActate and the polymers were poly(vinyl alcohol), polyvinylpyrrolidone, and methyl cellulose. The films prepared by drying the precursor compositions were found to retain, during heating, the polymer-salt molecular complexes formed at room temperature. The mechanism of the thermal destruction of the salts in the polymer-salt films was shown to differ from that in pure salts because, in the films, mutual stabilization of the polymer and salt took place. In the polymer-salt compositions, oxides were formed directly from amorphous precursors, without formation of intermediates, characteristic of the decomposition of pure salts. The oxides thus prepared consisted of fine particles and exhibited photochromic effect due to partial reduction of metal ions.     

三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl2对合金的腐蚀特性实验研究

熔盐是目前太阳能热电站中应用最广泛的储热蓄热材料。为满足太阳能热发电系统对于熔盐的储热需求,该文将304、316L、321、310S不锈钢置于550℃的三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂（7：1：2）体系中,开展混合熔盐的腐蚀特性实验研究,并探讨其中的腐蚀机理。研究结果表明,在三元混合氯化盐NaCl-KCl-MgCl₂（7：1：2）体系中,310S表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能,304的耐腐蚀性较差。MoO₃、NiO、TiO₂氧化物的生成可提高316L、310S、321不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能;混合氯化盐在高温下生成的Cl₂是不锈钢腐蚀的重要原因,外部空气中的O₂和H₂O会进入熔盐侧与合金发生反应,加剧腐蚀。