铝灰回收氧化铝工艺研究

介绍了铝灰硫酸浸取氧化铝的工艺,考察了浸取液浓度、用量、浸取温度、浸取时间、配料比、铝灰粒度等因素对浸取率的影响,通过优化工艺条件铝浸取率可达95%以上。将硫酸铝与碳酸氢铵反应制得碳酸铝铵前躯体,再经过滤、洗涤、煅烧等工序制得氧化铝产品。经SEM分析,产物中可观察到α-Al_2O_3的微观结构及形态。经XRF和XRD分析,产品的纯度达到99.12%。     

使用氯化铝制备氧化铝粉体

以氯化铝溶液和碳酸铵为原料,采用碳酸铝铵热解法制备氧化铝粉体,探究了不同合成条件对碳酸铝铵前驱体晶型的影响,得到粒径10nm左右的α-Al_2O_3颗粒。在1100℃的焙烧温度下可得到有一定透光性α-Al_2O_3。     

碳酸铝铵的制备方法研究

采用共沉淀法制备活性强的碳酸铝铵.研究了pH值等因素对合成碳酸铝铵的影响.结果表明:碳酸氢铵混合溶液浓度为2mol/L,pH值为9～10.铝盐溶液浓度为0.2mo1/L,pH值为3～4之间.采用反向滴定缓慢加入的方法,可以得到纯相的碳酸铝铵.     

作为荧光粉原料的氧化铝的制备及其形貌控制

通过控制铝盐与碳酸氢铵溶液的沉淀反应条件,制备出结晶碳酸铝铵前驱体。通过加入晶体生长促进剂等方法改善氧化铝颗粒的大小及形貌。结果表明:适宜的沉淀条件是获得结晶碳酸铝铵沉淀的关键。晶体生长促进剂对氧化铝颗粒的大小和形貌影响很大,适量加入晶体生长促进剂可以获得大小均匀、外形规则的六角形氧化铝分散颗粒,其大小约为1～2μm,比表面积约为2m2·g-1,是较为理想的荧光粉原料。     

由铝-空气电池放电产物制备单分散纳米α-Al_2O_3

利用铝-空气电池放电产物制备了纳米氧化铝。研究了放电产物浸出所需的最适宜温度和酸的用量,反应物滴定速度对前驱体的影响以及煅烧条件对纳米氧化铝分散性的影响。结果表明,当m(浓硫酸)∶m(放电产物)=5∶2,浸出温度为100℃时放电产物能够完全溶解,硫酸铝的滴定速度小于16 mL/min时能够得到纯净的碳酸铝铵前驱体,前驱体先经300℃低温加热,然后经过1 200℃高温煅烧可以得到粒径在50 nm左右,单分散的α-Al_2O_3。     

烧结法提取高铝粉煤灰中氧化铝的实验研究

粉煤灰中含有丰富的铝,从粉煤灰中提取铝对于节约资源、改善环境、实现可持续发展都具有重要的意义.研究了以燃煤电厂所产高铝粉煤灰为原料制取氧化铝的工艺过程.高铝粉煤灰与氧化钙混合后在高温下煅烧生成自粉化料,使粉煤灰中的铝活化.将自粉化料与硫酸反应使铝从固相转移至液相得到硫酸铝粗液.研究了硫酸溶液用量、硫酸浓度、酸溶时间以及酸溶温度对铝回收率的影响.采用有机溶液萃取法脱除硫酸铝粗液中的铁离子,使硫酸铝粗液得到精制.然后用氨水与精制硫酸铝溶液反应得到铝铵矾结晶.最后将铝铵矾晶体在高温下煅烧得到氧化铝.采用此法可使粉煤灰中铝的回收率达到77%.     

碳酸铝铵低温热分解制备a-Al2O3超细粉末

利用硫酸铝铵溶液和碳酸氢铵溶液的沉淀反应制备碳酸铝铵前驱体，通过在碳酸铝铵中同时添加α–Al2O3籽晶和硝酸铵, 使得α相的转变温度从1150℃降低到950℃, 获得了尺寸均匀、团聚较小、平均粒径为90 nm的球形α–Al2O3超细粉末. 相变过程为：无定型→g→g+α→α，并没有出现高温过渡型相q相.     

氧化铝前驱体的制备工艺研究

以硝酸铝为原料,用碳酸氢铵和氨水作混合沉淀剂,采用反向滴定共沉淀工艺,在一定的条件下可以得到物相单一、性能优良的氧化铝前驱体-碳酸铝铵。     

以粉煤灰为原料制备高纯单分散球形纳米氧化铝

以循环流化床(CFB)粉煤灰为初始铝源,进行了高纯单分散球形纳米氧化铝的制备研究.对CFB粉煤灰的组成与结构进行分析及提取Al2O3的浸取条件进行优化;采用盐析及重结晶联合法对浸取铝盐进行除杂研究;除杂产物采用分散剂GUMA辅助均匀沉淀法制备球形单分散纳米α-Al2O3.结果表明,以CFB粉煤灰为初级铝源,可制备出纯度达99.99％,粒径为200nm,且分散性高、球形圆度好、粒径分布窄的α-Al2O3.     

高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸提铝及其动力学

以高铁低铝煤矸石为原料,研究了酸浸提铝的工艺,考察了硫酸浓度、酸浸温度、酸浸时间以及液固比对酸浸提铝的影响,并对氧化铝的酸浸出过程进行了动力学分析,结果表明,最适宜浸出条件为:酸浓度65%,硫酸浸温度125℃,酸浸时间4 h,液固比3∶1,在此条件下氧化铝的浸出率为88. 86%。硫酸浸取煤矸石中氧化铝的化学反应符合粒径缩小收缩芯模型,该化学反应的动力学方程为1-(1-ω)2/3=kt;反应活化能E=42. 78 k J/mol,酸浸出过程为化学反应控制。     

纤维状碱式碳酸铝铵的固相合成及其热解的自粉碎特征

在钠、镁离子的调控下,用室温固相反应法合成得到了纤维状的碱式碳酸铝铵(AACH),产物结晶度较好,长度约20～30μm。该纤维状的AACH在高温裂解得到的氧化铝仅为60nm左右的晶体。在长度上,氧化铝只是前驱体纤维状AACH的五百分之一左右,说明AACH在高温裂解时经历了猛烈的"爆炸",自行粉碎成纳米级的小碎块,碎块完全分解后得到60nm左右的氧化铝晶体。这种自粉碎的良好特征,使其成为制备纳米氧化铝的一个重要的前驱体。     

氧化法、氨法脱硫、脱硝副产物硫酸铵、硝酸铵结晶研究

运用氧化和氨法脱硫相结合的烟气同时脱硫、脱硝技术得到的副产物中主要含有硫酸铵和硝酸铵。在原有硫酸铵单独结晶的基础上加入了硝酸铵,利用激光粒度分布仪、XRD、扫描电镜对产物进行了分析,考察了蒸发温度、pH、搅拌速度、飞灰含量对二者混合结晶的影响。结果发现:混合结晶的产物为立方晶型;当结晶的pH控制在5左右、温度为60℃、搅拌速度为200 r/min、无飞灰存在时得到的晶体粒径分布均匀;飞灰含量为4 g/L时得到的晶体的平均粒径最大。     

硫酸铵蒸发-冷却结晶工艺研究

对硫酸铵的蒸发-冷却耦合结晶工艺进行研究,系统考察了结晶体系的物理化学环境和结晶操作条件,如媒晶剂种类及添加量、结晶温度、加晶种策略、pH、蒸发速率、搅拌强度等对结晶产品粒度和晶习的影响。在实验基础上确定优化工艺条件,制得粒度在2.0~2.5 mm的颗粒状硫酸铵结晶产品。所得颗粒状硫酸铵产品具有纯度高、流动性好、不易扬尘和结块、易于施撒和复配等优点。     

Synthesis of Al2O3 whisker-reinforced yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) nanocomposites through in situ formation of alumina whiskers

Enhanced mechanical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia based composites were obtained by introducing alumina whiskers as reinforcement. The alumina whiskers were formed in situ by decomposition of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) whiskers during calcination. The whiskers thus formed were amorphous and were converted to α-alumina during sintering at 1450 °C. The AACH whiskers were produced by hydrothermal treatment of an aqueous solution of urea and aluminum nitrate at 120 °C for 24 h. The Vickers hardness of the sintered composite sample increased with an increase in the alumina content up to 10 wt% and then decreased. The maximum hardness achieved at 10 wt% of alumina whiskers was 13.8 GPa, which further increased to 14.4 GPa with the addition of 1.0 wt% of cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB). The improved mechanical strength of the composites was attributed to the enhanced dispersion of alumina whiskers due to four times volume decrease during transformation of AACH to alumina and relatively lower aspect ratio of AACH whiskers as well as the deflocculating effect of CTAB.     

由氟硅酸、碳酸氢铵制备高分子比冰晶石

介绍了氟硅酸、碳酸氢铵制备冰晶石的新工艺。以磷肥工业副产氟硅酸为原料，加入工业品碳酸氢铵，得到二氧化硅沉淀和氟化铵溶液。实验研究各因素对过程的影响，得到了最佳工艺条件；用氟化铵与硫酸铝、硫酸钠作用制取冰晶石和硫酸铵，实验讨论了各种因素对产品质量和收率的影响，得出了适宜的操作条件；所制备的产品、副产品均符合国家有关标准；该工艺原料综合利用好，无三废排放，经济效益好。     

不同沉淀剂制备纳米氧化铝粉的研究

采用均匀沉淀法,以硫酸铝铵为原料,研究了不同沉淀剂（尿素和碳酸铵）制备的氧化铝粉。采用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、热分析仪等,对采用不同沉淀剂制得的前驱体和氧化铝粉末的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,以尿素为沉淀剂制得的前驱体氢氧化铝和氧化铝粉末在分散性以及颗粒大小和形状方面都优于以碳酸铵为沉淀剂的产品。此外,以尿素为沉淀剂制得的前驱体氢氧化铝在1 200 ℃煅烧2 h得到了结晶度较好的纯相α-氧化铝,而以碳酸铵为沉淀剂制得的前驱体碳酸铝铵在1 200 ℃煅烧2 h得到θ-氧化铝和α-氧化铝的混合相。     

Kinetics Analysis on Mixing Calcination Process of Fly Ash and Ammonium Sulfate

abstract The further development of the extraction of alumina that is produced in the calcination process of ammonium sulfate mixed with fly ash was limited because of the lack of systematic theoretica...     

Single step hydrothermal synthesis of 3D urchin like structures of AACH and aluminum oxide with thin nano-spikes

3D urchins like ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) nanostructures with nano-spikes of dia. 20–30 nm were synthesized by a simple, single step hydrothermal technique by using aluminum nitrate and urea as precursor materials. It was found that morphology of the produced structure strongly depends upon the urea concentration. With increasing the amount of urea, the AACH particles having embedded rods like surface features transformed into 3D urchins. The added urea decomposed during hydrothermal treatment and increased the pH of the solution, which affected the morphology of the produced nanostructures. SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA were employed to characterize the produced structures. On heating, the volatile ingredients of AACH were removed, leaving behind the alumina urchins.     

以粉煤灰为原料制备的硫酸铝溶液萃取除铁研究

以粉煤灰为原料制备的硫酸铝中含有大量的铁，产品质量达不到标准。实验用P204做萃取剂，用磺化煤油做稀释剂。研究了萃取温度、萃取级数和振荡时间对硫酸铝中含铁量的影响。并进行了反萃实验。在最佳条件下，产品中铁含量可达无铁硫酸铝要求。     

Effect of Temperature on Phase and Alumina Extraction Efficiency of the Product from Sintering Coal Fly Ash with Ammonium Sulfate

A new developed technology for extracting alumina from coal fly ash was studied in this paper. In this technology, coal fly ash is first sintered with ammonium sulfate, forming ammonium aluminum sulfate in the resultant product, where alumina can be easily leached without using any strong acid or alkali. The products obtained under different sintering conditions were characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Alumina extraction efficiency of these products was also investigated. The results show that the sintering temperature and time substantially influence the phase composition and alumina extraction efficiency of sintered products, while the heating rate has little influence. The optimal sintering condition is 400 °C for 3 h in air with a heating rate of 6 °C·min^− 1. Under the optimal sintering condition, the alumina extraction efficiency from as-sintered coal fly ash can reach 85% or more.