35kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收能量

在建立输电线路防雷计算模型的基础上,用电磁暂态计算程序对有、无避雷线的35 kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收的雷电放电能量进行了计算。具体计算了不同幅值的雷电流作用下,不同冲击接地电阻时,线路上避雷器的放电电流和吸收的比能量,讨论了雷电流、接地电阻对放电电流和比能量的影响,并对分别装在有、无避雷线的输电线路上的避雷器的放电电流和比能量进行了纵向比较分析。     

复合外套避雷器在昌房500kV紧凑型线路的防雷效果分析

５００ ｋＶ昌房紧凑型线路采用线路避雷器后,能较大地提高线路的耐雷水平。紧凑型线路避雷器本体的荷电率取０．９,完全能承受雷击杆塔时的放电电流和放电能量。     

直流输电换流站交流滤波器的避雷器参数选择

研究了直流输电工程中交流滤波器的避雷器参数选择.依据滤波器各元件上的谐波频谱,使用带一定裕度的谐波叠加算法计算了最大持续运行电压,确定保护滤波器的避雷器参考电压.利用PSCAD建立滤波器暂态模型,研究了操作过电压和接地故障下避雷器的保护水平.最终确定了避雷器的技术参数要求.     

Performance of MOV arresters during very close, direct lightningstrikes to a power distribution system

In 1996, at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at Camp Blanding, Florida, the responses of MOV arresters in an unenergized test distribution system, composed of an overhead line, underground cable, and padmount transformer with a resistive load, were measured during very close, direct lightning strikes to the overhead line. Arresters were installed on the overhead line at two locations 50 m apart (on either side of the strike point) and at the primary of the padmount transformer which was connected to the line via the underground cable. We obtained arrester data for this test configuration from two lightning flashes (containing a total of five strokes) which were artificially initiated from a natural thunderstorm, using the rocket-and-wire technique. We present the simultaneously-recorded arrester discharge current and voltage waveforms from one lightning stroke for one of the two arresters on the line and for the arrester at the transformer primary. Additionally, we estimate the energy absorbed by the arrester on the line as a function of time for the first 4 ms of the lightning event. The records presented are representative of those for all five strokes     

Detection of Damaged Distribution Surge Arresters Using an Impulse Generator

Distribution surge arresters with an internal series gap have been installed on Japanese distribution lines at high density to reduce lightning‐related overvoltages. In contrast, surge arresters are sometimes damaged by direct lightning strokes, particularly in winter. Measurement of the insulation resistance between the terminals of the surge arrester and measurement of the dc discharge voltage of the surge arrester are generally adopted to detect damaged arresters. However, if metal‐oxide (MO) varistors are damaged and the internal series gap is not damaged, it is difficult to detect damaged arresters by the two conventional methods. Therefore, this paper presents a proposed detection method that can accurately detect damaged arresters. In the proposed method, first, the voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester is measured when the output of an impulse generator is applied to the surge arrester. Second, the damaged arrester is detected by comparison between its voltage waveform and the voltage waveform of the nondamaged arrester. The detection rate of damaged arresters by the proposed method is markedly higher than the rates of detection by the two conventional methods.     

采用避雷器防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线

在绝缘导线应用于配电线路的建设中,10 kV架空线路雷击断线事故是影响安全供电的大问题.通过分析架空绝缘导线雷击断线的机理,介绍安装线路型金属氧化物避雷器可有效限制雷电过电压对配电线路的危害,减少绝缘导线配电线路的雷击断线事故,保证配电线路的安全运行,指出安装线路型避雷器这一防雷技术存在的问题,并分析了线路型避雷器的安装密度和保护效果.     

安装避雷器后10 kV 配电线路的雷电感应过电压特性

安装避雷器是减少配电线路雷击故障的主要措施.采用时域有限差分(finite difference time domain,FDTD)算法求解多导体传输线场线耦合方程,重点研究安装避雷器的配电线路雷电感应过电压的波形特性和统计特性.对比分析了10 kV 配电线路在有/无避雷器,不同避雷器安装密度时感应过电压的波形和幅值.对不同避雷器安装密度时是否考虑直击雷的情况下线路最大感应过电压特征进行了分析,给出了安装避雷器后最大感应过电压概率分布、绝缘闪络率和闪络次数等统计结果,以及配电线路避雷器的推荐安装密度     

Application studies of line arresters in partially shielded 138-kV transmission lines

The application of arresters on transmission lines has been one of the most effective alternatives for the reduction of lightning flashover rates. This paper reviews previous methods for evaluating lightning performance of lines with arresters. Improved calculations of line outage rates are developed to include power frequency voltage and arrester failure-rate evaluations, based on field experience. The transmission lines are modeled in detail in the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP)/(ATP) and the outage rates are calculated with the Monte Carlo method. Probability energy stresses on arresters are evaluated for strokes on conductors and shield wires as a function of tower footing resistance (TFR).     

用低压元件设计10000A冲击电流发生器(英文)

More and more applications of ZnO arrester in electrical system experienced more problems.One thing,that is still under some investigation,is the effect of multiple lightning strike to the performance of ZnO arrester.As we know,the design of ZnO arrester for transmission system and for distribution system differs in the point of view of the number of ZnO blocks.Transmission system,due to its higher nominal voltage than distribution system,has more numbers of ZnO blocks inside an arrester tube.In term of the current rating of an arrester,it is found that there is some different value of the current rating.The current rating of an arrester installed closer to electrical substation is higher than that of some further away from the substation.To the respond of a lightning impulse strike,the arrester will let a high value of impulse current flowing.It tends to heat the ZnO material of the arrester.If the number of impulse strike is quite high then it may give the effect to the change of the arrester performance.This condition will endanger the equipment that is protected by the arrester from lightning strikes.During this research,the scope of work is limited to making an impulse current generator toward to one having 8/20 μs wave-shape.This kind of impulse current wave-shape is the one that is used for studying the performance of ZnO block.The effect of the inductance and capacitance of the impulse current generator were also studied.A 10 fused cut out was blown by an impulse having 10321 A of 17.8/37.8 μs.A ZnO arrester block brokendown/allowed large value of current :10982 A flowing under the voltage of 10.5 kV     

10 kV配电线路防雷研究

10 kV配电线路分布广泛,绝缘水平低,容易发生雷击事故。为了减少山西地区低压配电线路雷击故障,以山西某典型的10 kV线路为研究对象,基于ATP-EMTP仿真分析和一种改进的电气几何模型(EGM),计算该线路的雷击跳闸率,并根据风险评估标准对其进行风险评估。根据评估结果,有针对性地制定如下防雷改造措施:风险等级为B的34基杆塔下面装设冲击接地电阻;风险等级为C的14基杆塔上装设避雷器;风险等级为D的40号和102号杆塔同时装设避雷器和冲击接地电阻。     

输电线路多脉冲雷电响应探讨

架空输电线路在电力系统中作为用户与发电厂的连接枢纽,线路可靠防雷与安全运行尤为重要。分析由输电线路上测得的雷电数据,证实了多脉冲雷电的存在,统计并分析雷电波前时间、波尾时间、极性及幅值参数。电磁暂态仿真软件ATP-EMTP对多脉冲雷电、架空输电线路、杆塔、绝缘子串、避雷器建立仿真模型。仿真分别计算在线路是否安装避雷器时,在单脉冲和多脉冲下发生直击和反击时的响应情况。比较两种不同脉冲雷电下线路过电压的差别。仿真分析表明:避雷器能有效的限制雷电过电压的幅值,并且在多脉冲雷电冲击时,输电线路会出现更高的雷电过电压,且持续时间更长的现象,使其防雷形势更加严峻。     

线路避雷器在输电线路防雷中的应用及建议

分析线路避雷器在天生桥地区220 kV及以上交流线路防雷工作中的应用情况。通过查询雷电定位系统,统计天生桥地区雷电参数,总结、分析2001年以来该地区输电线路雷击跳闸情况,结果表明安装线路避雷器能有效降低线路雷击跳闸率,具有较好的防雷效果。根据运行经验及线路避雷器只对安装塔安装相有保护作用的特点,提出了线路避雷器安装选点和运行维护方面的建议。     

Analytical Method for Coordination of Surge Arresters with Current-Limiting Fuses

Many industrial power systems have lightning exposure, requiring surge (lightning) arresters; dry-type transformers, requiring low protective levels; and high available fault currents, making the use of current-limiting fuses desirable. On occasion, current-limiting fuse arc voltages have resulted in destruction of low characteristic arresters. A traditional guideline has been to select arrester types and ratings that will not spark over on current limiting fuse maximum arc voltage?an approach that may not be entirely viable for industrial systems. A step-by-step analytical approach to the selection of surge arresters for use with current-limiting fuses is presented. The method presumes arrester sparkover and is based on determination of system energy, fuse arc voltage and arrester back voltage characteristics, and arrester energy capability.     

Rocket-triggered lightning experiments on zinc oxide arresters and their applications to power transmission lines

In measurements of rocket-triggered lightning current and voltage performed between 1986 and 1995 on the mountain top of Okushishiku in the Kanazawa area, the authors succeeded in artificially inducing winter lightning to arresters. Using the data obtained from those measurements, we analyzed the energy absorption characteristics of surge arresters, such as are installed on every transmission line tower for three phrases, by EMTP. The energy withstand capability of an individual arrester was verified to be approximately the same as the expected value. The analysis results for the energy share of each arrester connected in parallel showed that the usual light duty arresters installed on every tower have the possibility to be able to absorb extreme winter lightning energy even if the lightning hits the power line directly. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(4): 25–33, 1998     

陕西地区配电线路新型防雷装置研究与应用

针对陕西地区配电线路避雷器防雷效果不理想这一现状,提出一种多腔室雷击闪络限制器。该装置防雷性能优异,采用吹弧原理,熄弧能力强。经过试验,确定其串联级数为26级,电极直径8 mm,电极间隙1 mm,主间隙距离取45 mm时能可靠动作。工频湿耐受电压、50%雷电冲击动作电压、雷电冲击伏秒特性以及工频续流遮断能力均满足标准要求。装置在陕西地区典型线路上运行良好,防雷效果优异。     

基于声发射波关联维数的避雷器异常放电识别

避雷器异常放电的现有识别方法难以判断异常放电时的吸收声波特性,导致识别结果不准确,以110 kV交流避雷器为研究对象,对避雷器异常放电类型进行识别。采用声发射技术来检测110 kV交流避雷器雷电异常放电特性,获取雷电影响下110 kV交流避雷器放电时的吸收声波;基于获取的放电吸收声波,采用关联维数的避雷器雷电异常放电吸收波特征分析方法,实现110 kV交流避雷器雷电异常放电吸收声波的特性分析。实验结果表明:该方法通过关联维数判断避雷器放电吸收声波的特性,能够有效判断雷电影响下110 kV交流避雷器每种异常放电的情况,且通过该方法识别110 kV交流避雷器雷电异常放电类型时,识别结果全部通过,因此该分析方法的应用价值显著。     

Metal oxide arresters on distribution systems: fundamentalconsiderations

The authors compare the reliability of metal oxide and silicon carbide distribution arresters by examining the likelihood of failure as a result of moisture leakage and contamination, overvoltages, and lightning surges of high magnitude and long duration. It is found that metal oxide distribution arresters should be highly reliable in most applications because the arresters are far less likely than silicon carbide arresters to fail as a result of moisture ingress and contamination. Metal oxide arresters are more likely to fail as a result of system overvoltages because they conduct current in response to the overvoltages, and for this reason somewhat more care must be exercised in application to match the magnitude and time duration of system overvoltages to the temporary overvoltage capability of the arresters. Comparison of published metal oxide arrester energy absorbing capability against the energy absorbed in lightning surges that have been shown to exist indicates that the probability of failure may be high in areas of high lightning intensity. The authors suggest changes in the ANSI/IEEE C62.11 standard for metal oxide arresters to improve arrester reliability on lightning surges     

Effect of overhead ground wires on reduction of failure rates of surge arresters on power distribution lines

Surge arresters are sometimes damaged by lightning strokes with high energy, in spite of installation of conventional protection methods. In order to reduce the number of failures of surge arresters, we should consider another protection method, such as an increase in the withstand capability of surge arresters and installation of additional overhead ground wires. However, quantitative comparison of these methods for preventing damage to surge arresters against lightning strokes with high energy has never been performed. This paper describes the effects of additional overhead ground wires for preventing damage to surge arresters. The main results are: (1) The failure rate of surge arresters on a distribution line with two overhead ground wires is about one third of that with an overhead ground wire. (2) Installation of a second overhead ground wire six to eight spans from the end of a line reduces the failure rate of a surge arrester at the end as effectively as increasing the withstand capability by a factor of two. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(2): 12–20, 1998     

330kV线路避雷器的开发和应用

介绍了330 kV线路型无间隙金属氧化物避雷器的主要性能参数的确定,以及通过避雷器电位分布的实际测量,优化避雷器的均压结构;对安装在杆塔上的330 kV线路避雷器,采用在避雷器高压端加装直径为1m的均压环,在第一节和第二节避雷器元件间安装均压环的均压措施,使得避雷器的最大电位分布不均匀系数小于或等于13.56%,保证了避雷器的可靠运行;提出了避雷器在不同类型的杆塔上的两种安装及避雷器安装点的选取原则.开发的避雷器已在陕西省多条330 kV线路上应用,取得了显著的防雷效果.     

Effect of lightning overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines due to direct lightning hits to overhead ground wire

Overhead ground wires and surge arresters have been installed to protect high-voltage power distribution lines and apparatus from overvoltages induced by nearby lightning strokes. The effects of surge arresters for protection of high-voltage distribution lines against direct lightning strokes have already been investigated using the digital simulation program EMTP (Electromagnetic Transients Program). With regard to the protection of low-voltage distribution lines from overvoltages induced by lightning strokes, experimental analyses using a scale model line have been reported. This paper reports on the comparison between the experimental analyses and EMTP simulation of power distribution lines, including low-voltage lines, and the validity of EMTP simulation. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the overvoltages on low-voltage power distribution lines against direct lightning strokes to overhead ground wire using the digital simulation.