Intact soft clay’s critical response to dynamic stress paths on different combinations of principal stress orientation

Comprehensive tests on Hangzhou intact soft clay were performed, which were used to obtain the soils’ critical response to undrained dynamic stress paths under different combinations of principal stress orientation. The different combinations included cyclic principal stress rotation (CPSR for short), cyclic shear with abrupt change of principal stress orientation (CAPSO for short) and cyclic shear with fixed principal stress orientation (CFPSO for short). On one side, under all these stress paths, samples have obvious strain inflection points and shear bands, and the excess pore water pressure is far from the level of initial effective confining pressure at failure. Stress paths of major principal stress orientation (α) alternating from negative and positive have quite different influence on soil’s properties with those in which α is kept negative or positive. On the other side, due to the soil’s strongly initial anisotropy, samples under double-amplitudes CPSR and CAPSO (or single-amplitude CPSR and CFPSO) have similar properties on dynamic shear strength and pore water pressure development tendency when α is kept within ±45°, while have quite different properties when α oversteps ±45°.     

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive theory of anisotropic viscoelastic liquids and its hydrodynamic behavior

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive equation of anisotropic fluid,influence of un-symmetric stress tensor on material functions,vibrational shear flow of the fluid with small amplitudes and rheology of anisotropic suspension were reported.A new concept of simple anisotropic fluid was introduced.On the basis of anisotropic principle,the simple fluid stress behaviour was described by velocity gradient tensor F and spin tensor W instead of velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory.Two relaxation times analyzing rheological nature of the fluid and using tensor analysis a general form of the constitutive equation of co-rotational type was introduced.More general model LCP-H for the fluid was developed.The unsymmetry of the shear stress was predicted by the present continuum theory for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-LC polymer liquids.The influence of the relaxation times on material functions was specially studied.It is important to study the unsteady vibrational rotating flow with small amplitudes,as it is a best way to obtain knowledge of elasticity of the LC polymer,i.e.dynamic viscoelasticity.For the shear-unsymmetric stresses,two shear stresses were obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) were introduced by the constitutive equation which was defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.For the two stability problems of fluid,such as stability of hydrodynamic flow and orientational motion,were discussed.The results show that the polymer suspension systems exhibit anisotropic character.The PNC systems can exhibit significant shear-thinning effects.For more concentrated polymer nano-suspensions,the first normal stress difference change from positive to negative,which is similar to LC polymer behavior.     

当前民办高校融资难的成因及对策

针对民办高校所需办学经费无国家财政拨款,全部为自筹资金的现状,分析了形成当前民办高校融资难的原因,既有信贷政策、银行方面的因素,也有民办高校自身的因素.提出民办高校要生存,要发展,光靠举办者投入或捐赠以及每年的学费收入是不够的,还需要积极拓展更多融资渠道解决办校融资难的问题.     

脉冲振动预磁器的研究和设计

根据细粒磁性物回收工艺中需要使用预磁器的要求,研究预磁器的工作时序、充放电回路的电器元件特性和电路电压、电流特征.设计的电磁预磁器磁场强度高,能耗低,性价比高.对预磁化电路展开理论计算和推导.首次提出脉冲振动预磁器系统结构,将RLC电路振荡波形转变为振动波形,形成"脉振"高场强,延长了线圈的使用寿命.经实际运行检验,该装置性能稳定,效果好,能耗低,每小时耗电仅0.8 kW,在预磁器领域是一项创新的实用技术.     

城市污水热能资源化的基础研究

作为城市污水热能资源化的基础研究,根据理论分析方法,对有效利用城市污水所赋存的热能时,其节能效果和对减轻大气污染的作用进行了若干分析和探讨.分别计算了流量为1 m3/s时城市污水赋存的热量,以及采暖面积为1万m2时所需的城市污水及赋存的热量,与空调、锅炉相比产生相同热量时的一次能和二次能的消减量,以及相应条件下的污染物年间(采暖期)消减量等.     

Vibrational shear flow of anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with small amplitudes

Using the constitutive equation of co-rotational derivative type for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline(LC),polymer liquids was developed.Two relaxation times are introduced in the equation:λn represents relaxation of the normal-symmetric stress components;λs represents relaxation of the shear-unsymmetric stress components.A vibrational rotating flow in gap between cylinders with small amplitudes is studied for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline polymer.The time-dependent constitutive equation are linearized with respect to parameter of small amplitude.For the normal-symmetric part of stress tensor analytical expression of the shear stress is obtained by the constitutive equation.The complex viscosity,complex shear modulus,dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained for the normal-symmetric stress case which are defined by the common shear rate.For the shear-unsymmetric stress part,two shear stresses are obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) are given by the constitutive equation which are defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.The dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are given for each complex viscosities and complex shear modulus.Using the constituive equation the rotating flow with small amplitudes in gap between two coaxial cylinders is studied.     

玉米中转基因成分的定性PCR检测

利用改良 CTAB 法提取玉米产品的基因组 DNA,应用 PCR 检测方法,并以玉米特异性内源基因 IVR 为内参,花椰菜花叶病毒 35S 启动子(CaMV35S 启动子)、农杆茵胭脂碱合成酶终止子(NOS终止子)为靶基因检测玉米中是否存在转基因成分.实验结果表明,有些玉米样品中存在转基因成分,表明市场上存在未经标识的转基因玉米及其加工品.     

利用双折射晶体实现双偏振光叠加的教学研究

利用晶体的双折射现象和它的基本性质,采用现代光纤和CCD摄像放大技术手段研究了双偏振光的叠加和干涉现象,讨论了学生在教学中不易理解的难点问题.     

科技期刊版式设计略谈

对科技期刊版式设计中的标题、插图与空白的处置进行了分析探讨,认为科技期刊版式设计在总体上应是追求格式一致与节奏变化的统一,整体性与连贯性的统一.布局合理的版式设计带给期刊的是整体的和谐美,别具风格的版式设计标志着期刊的个性特征.     

解读连战先生的民族情

文章试图从两方面解读连战先生深厚的民族情.这种民族情一方面来源于他的家族,连战的先祖到台湾死也不臣服清,曾祖父至父亲三代以各种形式坚持抗日及父母对他言传身教;另一方面与他早年在祖国大陆的生活经历有关,从他对抗战和日本的态度及祖国大陆寻踪等方面体现出来.     

模糊随机结构有限元及可靠性分析的双因子法

研究了具有模糊随机参数桁架结构的有限元分析和广义可靠性指标计算的问题．同时考虑结构参数和荷载的模糊随机性,基于双因子法建立了模糊随机桁架的静力分析模型,推导了结构模糊随机响应计算式,利用求解随机变量数字特征的代数综合法给出了结构响应的模糊数字特征,并以此为基础给出了结构广义可靠性指标公式,为后续的结构优化工作提供了基础．     

断层相关褶皱理论在准噶尔盆地 南缘山前带构造研究的应用

利用断层相关褶皱的构造几何分析方法,对准噶尔盆地南缘山前复杂构造带内基干地震剖面 进行了构造解析,搭建了中、东段的构造轮廓和构造组合样式,认为东段阜康断裂带主要表现为至地表 的推覆逆掩。由于位移量大部分转移至地表,阜康断裂带的前陆部分无喜山期构造带;西段造山带内的 挤压往前陆方向传递过程中以前列式不断释放其位移量,造成在纵向上呈现三排主要的断层相关褶皱带。 根据正演平衡地质剖面制作技术对山前复杂构造区地震剖面反射波的构造识别进行了模拟与探讨。     

八轮扭杆摇臂式月球车越障性能分析

针对八轮扭杆摇臂式月球车的结构特点及已知的月面地形条件,利用准静力学方法推导出了八轮扭杆摇臂式月球车结构尺寸与表征其越障性能的参量间的参数关系式。根据附着系数的物理意义,分析并确定了由月球车主要结构参数表述的单位直径车轮越过垂直障碍高度的参数式。利用该参数式绘制单位直径车轮越障高度与各结构参数间的关系曲线,对各轮的越障能力进行了综合评价,得出了该车型越障能力由两前轮决定的结论。最后,针对不同附着系数,绘制两个结构参数同时改变时越障高度的变化曲线,分析了两个主要结构参数对月球车越障能力的影响。在ADAMS中进行仿真验证,其结果与理论越障高度的相对误差在10%以内,证明了理论推导的可靠性。     

结构声强可测性判别参数─—结构声强指数

由于结构声波的复杂性，结构声强测量往往存在许多测量误差．为判断实际工程中结构声强测量值的准确程度，本文引进了结构声强指数的概念，给出了结构声强指数的定义式．并以几种典型结构为例，通过实验初步研究了弯曲波声强指数．     

试论大西洋两岸的结构语言学的源流

处于大西洋两岸的欧美国家的结构语言学，在秉承同一种哲学与语言学的传统下，因历史和社会条件的不同而走上了两条不同的发展道路。通过对两者的分析和比较，可以全方位厘清西方结构语言学的发展脉络，为研究西方结构语言学的源流提供正确的思路。     

应变能约束下多随机参数连续体结构的拓扑优化

研究几何和物理参数均为随机变量的平面连续体结构在结构总应变能约束下的拓扑优化设计问题．以结构总质量均值最小化为目标函数,以结构的形状拓扑信息为设计变量,以结构总应变能概率可靠性指标为约束条件,构建了随机结构的拓扑优化设计数学模型．利用代数综合法,导出了应变能响应的均值和均方差的计算表达式．采用双方向渐进结构优化的求解策略．通过两个算例验证了本模型及求解策略的合理性和有效性．     

结构振动控制力的最优位置研究

对于高层建筑或高耸结构，控制器或阻尼器设置的最佳位置是一个值得研究的问题。应用结构控制理论，分别从安全准则和舒适度准则研究控制力的最优位置，给出了一定条件下控制力方差和结构反应方差最小为最优的准则。同时，还探讨了2个控制力最优位置与结构振型的关系，得出最优位置在第1振型的位移最大值处。     

基于CAE技术的铰链梁结构优化及灵敏度分析研究

利用ANSYS的APDL参数化语言,编制了铰链梁的结构优化设计程序ODPST,创建了铰链梁的优化分析文件和优化控制文件,同时采用设计优化模块提供的优化方法中的梯度评估工具———Gradient Evaluation Tool进行结构的灵敏度计算,分析了铰链梁各个设计变量对结构性能及目标函数的不同影响程度,指导了铰链梁结构的设计优化,最终实现了铰链梁的结构优化设计,提高了结构性能。     

结构尺寸随机变异对叶片频率的影响

采用基于摄动技术的随机有限元方法推导了旋转叶片的随机有限元方程,并给出了固有频率对结构尺寸的灵敏度公式,为概率意义下叶片结构尺寸随机变异对叶片频率的影响提供了分析方法。最后以一实验台叶片为算例,详细研究了叶片结构尺寸分别处理为随机变量和随机场时,叶片静动频率对叶片结构尺寸的灵敏度,为叶片的设计、加工、运行提供了理论指导。     

Application of structural curvature of coalbed floor on CBM development in the Zaoyuan block of the southern Qinshui Basin

Based on controls of structural style and the position in coalbed methane(CBM)development,we used a method of curvatures to study its relations with CBM development parameters.We calculated structural curvatures of contours of the No.3coal seam floor of the Shanxi Formation in the Zaoyuan block of the Qinshui Basin and analyzed its relations with development parameters of coalbed methane wells.The results show that structural curvature is negatively related to coal reservoir pressure,while positively related to permeability.With an increase in structural curvature,the average production of coalbed methane wells increases at first and then decreases,reaching the highest production at 0.02 m-1 of structural curvature.Therefore,structural curvature can be an important index for potential evaluation of coalbed methane development and provide a basis for siting coalbed methane wells.