Role of clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in human bone-marrow cells in vivo and in cultured lymphocytes in vitro

Bone-marrow chromosomes were examined from 38 mentally and physically retarded and two psychiatric patients who were being treated with a variety of neuropharmacologic drugs. Twenty of these patients used clozapine (Leponex). The clastogenic effects of clozapine in vitro were studied in the lymphocyte cultures of three patients--one free of hematologic disease and two who 6 months earlier had had agranulocytosis attributed to the use of clozapine. The mean frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone-marrow cells of patients who used clozapine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The two patients who had had agranulocytosis had a greater frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in their cultured lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro than the patient free of hematologic disease. A clone with a 13/14 chromosome translocation was detected in one of the patients. As all patients received a number of drugs during the in vivo and in vitro studies no definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the role played by clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Regional differences in suicide in Hungary in the light of registered cases of depression

Author made a revision on the theory published by Rihmer and alii in the year 1989. According to this theory the marked regional differences of suicide in Hungary are caused by the different discovery of the "endogen depression" (rate of diagnosed depression). So the lower is the diagnosis of depression the higher is the suicide rate in a given territory. They have seen a negative correlation between the number of working physicians and the suicide rates. Author made a reexamination on a correct database between 1985-1994. He has also made a study using the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria in four counties of Hungary. His results deny the theory above mentioned. The rank-correlation of the number of GP and the suicide rates in Hungary in years 1985-1994 did not show correlation. So the underdiagnosis of the depressive disorders and the different number of GP are not the cause of the regional differences of suicide in Hungary.     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 microg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35+/-0.04 to 0.14+/-0.02 mm2/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2+/-1.8 mm2 as compared with 41.8+/-4.2 mm2 in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7+/-0.1 mm as compared with 1.5+/-0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19+/-0.02 in controls to 0.03+/-0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/ kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31+/-0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07+/-0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models.     

Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in rabbits

High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4 weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4 weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and 12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV in these two types of hypertension.     

Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in prophylaxis of postoperative complications in urology

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were comparatively estimated in the treatment of 104 urologic patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in 36 urologic patients for prophylaxis of inflammatory complications after surgical interventions. The majority of the urinary tract pathogens i.e. Enterobacteriaceae spp. and gramnegative nonfermenting bacteria were highly susceptible to both the fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin amounted to 94.4 and 80.7 per cent and those of ofloxacin to 92 and 79.2 per cent respectively. The prophylactic use of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin was efficient in 94.7 and 94.1 per cent of the cases respectively. The antibacterial prophylaxis in urologic patients should be applied not only at the period of surgical interventions but also during the early postoperative period.     

PLC在高炉汽动式鼓风机监控系统的应用

鞍钢高炉15号鼓风机是VASi-9018型轴流式汽轮压缩机，通过技术改造，采用先进的电子控制技术，建成了全新的具有现代化水平的汽轮压缩机控制系统。     

Role of signal peptides in targeting of proteins in cyanobacteria

Proteins of cyanobacteria may be transported across one of two membrane systems: the typical eubacterial cell envelope (consisting of an inner membrane, periplasmic space, and an outer membrane) and the photosynthetic thylakoids. To investigate the role of signal peptides in targeting in cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was transformed with vectors carrying the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene fused to coding sequences for one of four different signal peptides. These included signal peptides of two proteins of periplasmic space origin (one from Escherichia coli and the other from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942) and two other signal peptides of proteins located in the thylakoid lumen (one from a cyanobacterium and the other from a higher plant). The location of the gene fusion products expressed in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was determined by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of subcellular fractions. The distribution pattern for gene fusions with periplasmic signal peptides was different from that of gene fusions with thylakoid lumen signal peptides. Primary sequence analysis revealed conserved features in the thylakoid lumen signal peptides that were absent from the periplasmic signal peptides. These results suggest the importance of the signal peptide in protein targeting in cyanobacteria and point to the presence of signal peptide features conserved between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria for targeting of proteins to the thylakoid lumen.     

Epidemiology of trichinellosis in lynx in Finland

To examine the possibility of cytokine gene therapy in relation to pancreatic cancer, we evaluated the antitumor effect of human pancreatic carcinoma cells (AsPC-1) which were retrovirally-transduced with several kinds of cytokine genes. These cells were inoculated into BALB/c nude mice and their tumor volumes were assessed. The in vitro growth rate of the transduced cells was not different from that of a parental cell line. Among the transduced cells, human interleukin (IL)-6-transduced AsPC-1 and mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced AsPC-1 cells showed a significant retardation of tumor growth compared with a parental cell line. In the cases of AsPC-1 cells transduced with the human IL-2 or mouse IL-4 gene, small tumors were generated but thereafter they regressed completely. Histological examinations showed monocytic cell infiltration around the tumors of IL-2- or IL-4-producing cells. These data suggest that secretion of IL-2 or IL-4 from tumor cells can induce an antitumor effect even in the defective condition of mature T cells.     

CS1000在天铁烧结生产过程控制中的应用

结合天津铁厂烧结分厂二烧车间烧结过程控制的具体情况,介绍了分散型控制系统在烧结生产上的应用以及数据网上发布的一种方法。     

加速发展我国稀土在钢中应用研究

论述了近年来我国稀土处理钢的生产状况及稀土在钢中作用规律与作用机理的研究进展,对加快稀土在钢中应用研究工作的发展提出了建议。     

Role of cholesterol in the modulation of interdigitation in phosphatidylethanols

Phosphatidylethanol (Peth) is formed in biological membranes when ethanol replaces water in the transphosphatidylation reaction catalyzed by phospholipase D. This charged lipid accumulates in the presence of ethanol, and it has unusual properties that can influence membrane structure and function. We have previously shown that dimyristoylphosphatidylethanol (DMPeth) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanol (DPPeth) form the interdigitated gel phase in the presence of Tris-HCl [O.P. Bondar, E.S. Rowe, Biophys. J., 71 (1996) 1440-1449]. In the present investigation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence have been used to investigate the effect of cholesterol on the phase behavior of DPPeth and DMPeth. Our results show that cholesterol prevents the formation of the interdigitated phase in the presence of Tris-HCl, and that ethanol counters this influence and restores the ability of these lipids to interdigitate. Pyrene-PC fluorescence probe was used in this investigation and gave results that were in agreement with the conclusions based on the DSC study.     

“全三脱”工艺流程中脱碳渣返回脱磷转炉利用

 为了在“全三脱”工艺流程中实现炉渣的高效循环利用,将[w((P2O5))]较低的热态脱碳炉终渣通过渣罐兑入脱磷炉继续发挥脱磷作用。分析结果表明,提高返回渣量及脱磷渣磷分配比均可显著降低脱磷炉石灰消耗量,当渣钢磷分配比及返回渣量控制合适时,脱磷炉可不加入石灰而使半钢磷质量分数达到目标值。对脱碳炉渣在脱磷炉冶炼中的再熔化过程进行计算分析,随着铁水中硅元素的氧化,脱碳渣碱度降低而不断熔化,逐渐发挥脱磷作用。在“全三脱”工艺流程中成功开发了转炉渣热态循环利用工艺,脱磷率提高约6%,返回脱碳渣加入量约为67.13 kg/t,石灰、轻烧白云石和萤石分别节约9.37、1.15 和2.45 kg/t,半钢温度提高约7 ℃。     

Stimulation of ileal transport of calcium by sorbitol in in situ perfused loop in rats

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to study the effect of sorbitol on sodium, water and calcium fluxes in rat ileum in situ perfused loop. METHODS: Net water, sodium and calcium fluxes, and one-way calcium fluxes were measured in situ in a perfused rat ileal loop in the presence of varying concentrations of sorbital. RESULTS: High concentrations of sorbitol in perfused ileal solution induced a decrease of sodium and water fluxes and a concomitant increase of lumen to mucosa calcium flux associated with an increase of net calcium flux, using a solution containing either 8.0 or 1.25 mM calcium. These effects were independent of absolute initial values of water and sodium fluxes. They were observed in the presence of 25 mM glucose, 10 mM theophyllin or after treatment of rats with dexamethasone. CONCLUSION: These effects of sorbitol on calcium flux are not compatible with a stimulation of paracellular pathway. By contrast, they can be explained by a stimulation of transcellular calcium pathway in ileum associated with the hyperpolarisation of the cells induced by the decrease of luminal sodium concentration necessary in the presence of sorbitol to maintain unchanged osmolarity of perfusate.     

蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中片钠铝石胶结物的成因

塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中发育大量的片钠铝石自生矿物.通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析等,查明了火山碎屑岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型和成岩共生序列.含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩的成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-一期微晶石英-一期高岭石-二期微晶石英、二期高岭石、片钠铝石-铁白云石;通过MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪确定了片钠铝石和铁白云石的稳定同位素组成为片钠铝石的δ3CPDB为-8.15‰～-2.81‰,与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13Cco2为-12.91‰～-7.55‰,通过与海拉尔盆地及BGS盆地系碳氧同位素数据的类比,表明片钠铝石中的碳主要为幔源岩浆来源,形成片钠铝石的钠和铝主要来源于安山岩岩屑、长石晶屑碎屑、玻屑和火山灰等;铁白云石的δ13CPDB为-6.76‰～-2.65‰,与片钠铝石的碳氧同位素数据相似,结合相关地质实例及地球化学模拟实验,可以推断铁白云石中的碳也是幔源岩浆来源,铁白云石中的铁离子主要来源于安山岩岩屑、玻屑、火山灰和蒙脱石等矿物.     

Alteration of Sertoli cell differentiation in the presence of carcinoma in situ in human testes

PURPOSE: We investigated Sertoli cells in testicular biopsies with carcinoma in situ (CIS) in respect to cytokeratin expression to elucidate the status of Sertoli cell differentiation adjacent to CIS in human testes. Cytokeratin 18 intermediate filaments indicate a state of undifferentiation usually observed in Sertoli cells of prepubertal testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 29 testicular biopsies presenting CIS were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody against placental-alkaline phosphatase to detect CIS cells and a monoclonal antibody against human cytokeratin 18 to show expression of cytokeratin 18 intermediate filaments in Sertoli cells. RESULTS: All tubules bearing CIS showed positive cytokeratin expression of Sertoli cells if tubules were devoid of normal germ cells. However, a total of 13 specimen revealed CIS cells together with normal germ cells. In the presence of CIS cells together with round or elongated spermatids, adjacent Sertoli cells did not express cytokeratin immunoreactivity. In the case of combined presence of CIS and spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells could be found either immunopositive or immunonegative, and were positive in tubules with CIS and spermatogonia only. CONCLUSIONS: Sertoli cells associated with CIS cells undergo a process of dedifferentiation, seen by the re-expression of cytokeratin intermediate filaments. We suggest that this dedifferentiation results in a loss of Sertoli cell function and leads to a cessation of spermatogenic activity.