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为了实现在二氧化氯工业循环水系统中代替优氯净,从杀菌机理和安全性方面分析了二氧化氯在工业循环水系统中的应用效果。将二氧化氯在煤气生产循环水系统中进行了生产性实验研究,并对出现的问题进行系统分析。结果表明二氧化氯在工业循环水系统应用中具有更为有效的杀菌性能。 相似文献
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《中外能源》2015,(8)
循环水系统是石化行业重要的公用工程,它的运行需要消耗大量的水和电能:其新鲜水补水量占企业用水量的35%左右,循环冷却水系统运行电耗约占企业用电总量的20%~30%。针对目前循环水系统优化技术研究的不足,从炼油企业的生产实际出发,综合考虑了水冷器、循环水泵、冷却塔风机、循环水管网、现场实际条件等多项因素,对炼油企业的循环水系统进行包括装置用水端、循环水管网、循环水给水系统、回水系统在内的整个循环水系统的全局压力优化,建立了循环水系统的流程模型。以某炼油企业的循环水系统为实例,通过对该循环水场进行压力优化,循环水场的回水压力由原来的0.2MPa降到0.15MPa,循环水场两台循环水泵的供水压力由0.5MPa降为0.4MPa,每年可节电216.24×104k W·h,节约电费123.69万元。 相似文献
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电站循环水冷却塔是利用循环水和空气的接触,通过蒸发作用来散去汽轮机凝汽器循环水热量的一种设备,由于闭式循环水散热效果好坏直接关系到凝汽器的真空,对机组效率有很大影响。通过某电站循环水冷却塔改造实例,对比改造前后运行参数,得出对小型电站循环水冷却塔设备选型的一些结论。 相似文献
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循环冷却水系统是石化行业重要的公用工程,其用水量占工业用水量的80%左右,是石油化工领域用水量最大的系统。循环水系统节水状况的好坏,将严重影响整个工业水系统的节水程度。针对炼油企业循环水系统能耗大、运行不经济等实际问题,分析了炼油企业循环水用水网络优化的影响因素,根据循环冷却水系统的超结构建模原理,以循环水用量最小为目标,综合考虑水流量平衡、热量平衡、水冷器进出口温度、水冷器温差、整数变量、现场实际条件等因素,建立循环水用水网络优化的数学模型,并采用优化建模工具Lingo建模求解,以获得循环水量最小、网络结构简单的循环水用水网络。以某炼油企业蜡油加氢装置循环水系统为实例,验证模型的可靠性。分析结果表明,优化模型充分考虑了蜡油加氢装置循环水用水网络的特点,获得了循环水用量最少且网络结构简单的循环水用水网络,有效降低了循环水系统的运行成本。优化前后该装置各水冷器用水量对比显示,循环水系统优化后,每小时节约循环水152.09t,占现行冷却水总量的40.9%,按循环水价格0.3元/t计算,每年节约水费39.97万元。 相似文献
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嘉兴电厂一期机组因循环水暖流影响,将循环水改接由二期循环水提供,降低了循环水温度,提高了机组真空,确保了夏季工况机组带负荷能力。在运行操作中,制订合理的调整、监视措施,确保循环水联通方式下的机组可靠和经济运行。一期机组循环水取自二期供水后,进水温度下降、真空提高,机组供电煤耗下降明显,同时也获得了其他社会效益。 相似文献
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针对新型可变偏心距风力机,通过数值模拟及实验测试的方法,研究偏心距离对风轮、塔筒及侧偏调节机构受力的影响。结果表明,在来流风速增大的条件下,可变偏心距风力机通过增大偏心距可减小叶片受力,风轮向右侧偏心100 mm时叶片最大应力是未偏心工况的86%;随着偏心距离的增大,塔筒在俯仰方向受力增长趋势放缓,受风轮偏转角增大的影响,塔筒在侧弯方向受力处于持续增大的状态;在向右偏心距离增大的过程中,风轮侧偏调节机构应力及应变逐渐向右侧集中,最大应力、应变始终处于中间部位,结果验证了偏心距调节方式的可行性及安全性。 相似文献
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溶洞分布具随机性,为研究岸边式溢洪道底部溶洞的稳定性及溶洞的应力、位移的敏感性,首先用钻孔CT对溢洪道底部分布的溶洞进行探测,根据探测结果,利用有限元ANSYS软件建立模型,采用单一变量法分析了溶洞分布于溢洪道底板不同位置时溶洞自身的应力、位移敏感性。结果表明,溶洞的宽度大于闸室宽度情况下,溶洞位置越靠近溢洪道底板,溶洞应力、位移最大值逐渐增大,溶洞顶板距溢洪道底板的距离小于等于溢洪道底板宽度的18.42%情况时,属敏感距离,溶洞宽度大于等于溢洪道底板宽度的80.0%情况时,属敏感宽度。 相似文献
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O形橡胶密封圈封油结构研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任红云 《柴油机设计与制造》2004,(4):21-24
对O形橡胶密封圈的密封机理、密封形式进行了介绍,并阐述了其封油结构设计要点。结合理论对J11系列涡轮增压器O形橡胶密封圈封油结构进行改进,减少了增压器润滑油泄漏的可能性。同时,为J8系列涡轮增压器封油结构的改进作了有益的探索。 相似文献
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Trigeneration is defined as the production of three useful forms of energy—heat, cold and power—from a primary source of energy such as natural gas or oil. For instance, trigeneration systems typically produce electrical power via a reciprocating engine or gas turbine and recover a large percentage of the heat energy retained in the lubricating oil, exhaust gas and coolant water systems to maximize the utilization of the primary fuel. The heat produced can be totally or partially used to fuel absorption refrigerators. Therefore, trigeneration systems enjoy an inherently high efficiency and have the potential to significantly reduce the energy-related operation costs of facilities. In this paper, we describe a model of characterization of trigeneration systems trough the condition of primary energy saving and the quality index, compared to the separate production of heat, cold and power. The study highlights the importance of the choice of the separate production reference system on the level of primary energy saving and emissions reduction. 相似文献
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In this paper, the performances and the acoustic noise of the traditional type micro multi-blade fan were investi- gated experimentally and numerically, to optimize the specifications of the fan for the resident circumstances. The acoustic noise level decreases but the efficiency deteriorates slightly with the increase of the blade number of the impeller. Besides, the acoustic noise decreases with the increase of the distance between the impeller outlet and the volute tongue, in accompanying with the increase of the input and the deterioration of the fan efficiency. 相似文献
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525t/h CFB锅炉旋风分离器制造工艺简介 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
大型循环流化床锅炉中的管式旋风分离器的制造所涉及的工艺复杂,装配难度高。以525t/hCFB旋风分离器的制造工艺为例,描述了分片出厂的大型旋风分离器在厂内分片制造、试拼装的工艺方案,分析了制造中重要的工艺难点,诸如大弯曲半径的圆弧形、锥体形管排的成形及组装等,并提出相应的工艺解决方案,重点在于保证旋风分离器的对口装配上。为今后同类大型CFB锅炉的制造,确保产品质量、简化工艺装备设计、加快制造进度提供了工艺措施,积累了经验。 相似文献
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Siniša N. Dodi? Vladislav N. Zeki?Vesna O. Rodi? Nedeljko Lj. TicaJelena M. Dodi? Stevan D. Popov 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(1):397-403
The autonomous province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province in the Republic of Serbia. It is located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonia plain. Vojvodina is an energy-deficient province.Assessment of the effects of energetic use wheat straw is performed for certain types of systems for storing straw and straw stored specifically in the form of small square bales, and especially for the cylinder-shaped straw bales. The method of evaluation of economic effects is based on the total cost of collecting, transportation, handling and storing, with corrections for the difference in the cost of the energy conversion and combustion.With comparison of the costs of energy production from baled straw to the costs of energy production from hard coal, it was found that the energy obtained from the straw from own farm is cheaper than energy from hard coal by 28%, in the case of the using small square bales and by 34% in the case of the using cylinder-shaped bales. Through sensitivity analysis it was concluded that the two systems of collecting straw, economically, are relatively resistant to changes in prices of the most important inputs. However, there is a relatively high sensitivity to changes in performances of machines with a larger percentage increase of costs for the system with cylinder-shaped bales. However, this system is generally more resistant to changes of influencing factors due to lower basic costs per ton of the pretreated straw. Differential costs analysis, i.e., the development of differential calculations, shows that the energy from straw in the form of small square bales is cheaper than the energy from hard coal by 51%, while the energy from the straw in the form cylinder-shaped bales is cheaper by 60%. 相似文献
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在微反装置中,考察了反应温度和液时空速(LHSV)对加氢裂化尾油(HTO)、减四线油(VGO)加氢异构基础油性质的影响。通过气相色谱(GC)/质谱联用仪(MS)方法,对HTO、VGO加氢异构产品的族组成和碳数分布进行表征,结果表明:HTO和VGO均可作为通过加氢异构工艺生产APIⅡ+类基础油的原料。基础油的黏度指数随空速的降低而降低,随反应温度的升高而降低。基础油馏分中正构烷烃基本消失,说明所用催化剂具有良好的异构性能,基础油倾点随空速的降低而降低,随反应温度的升高而降低。原料的裂化反应程度随空速的降低而升高,随反应温度的升高而升高。通过族组成分析,推断出对基础油的产品性质发生影响的主要因素有:正构烷烃的异构化反应,异构烷烃的二次异构反应,单、双环化合物的支链异构反应,单、双环化合物的环压缩异构反应,多环烷烃化合物部分开环反应,芳烃化合物加氢饱和和开环反应。此外,加氢裂化反应也可改善产品的低温流动性能,但会损失目的产品收率。 相似文献