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针对颗粒增强钛基复合材料(Particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites,PTMCs)高速磨削加工,建立一种三维混合材料磨削温度场有限元仿真计算模型,既考虑了Ti-6Al-4V基体材料特性,又包含了材料内部的TiC增强颗粒,由此分析了高速磨削过程中温度场特征及其演变规律。结果表明:基于三维混合材料模型的PTMCs磨削温度预测值与试验值相差小(为8%以下),而基于普通均质材料模型的磨削温度预测值与试验值相差大(为16%以上)。PTMCs工件表面磨削温度随着磨削用量的增加逐渐上升。当砂轮线速度为120 m/s、工件进给速度为6 m/min时,磨削深度从20 μm增加到100 μm,PTMCs工件表面磨削温度从346℃增加到987℃,温度梯度值从1 070~624℃/mm增加到1 570~1 310℃/mm。磨削温度及其分布梯度对PTMCs亚表层显微组织变化层深度存在显著影响,磨削深度从40 μm上升到80 μm,显微组织变化层深度从22 μm增大到40 μm;当磨削深度进一步从80 μm增加到100 μm时,显微组织变化层深度增加到53 μm。 相似文献
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采用YLP-F20激光打标机在4Cr13不锈钢圆盘试件表面加工出不同尺寸的沟槽微织构试样;将织构试样与新鲜猪股骨制成的骨棒试样构成销-盘摩擦副,在立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦磨损试验,研究微织构参数对不锈钢与猪股骨在生理盐水润滑下的摩擦特性的影响。结果表明:沟槽型的摩擦因数比无沟槽的要小,在文中研究的范围内摩擦因数随着沟槽宽度的增加而减小,随着沟槽间角度的增加而增加;对加工微织构后的表面进行处理对摩擦因数的影响很大。文中研究范围内宽度200μm、深度20μm、角度1.21°微织构组合,相比较于无微织构试件摩擦因数最大降低了36.4%。 相似文献
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红外热像仪精确测温技术 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:19
为实现红外热像仪对温度的精确测量,根据热辐射理论和红外热像仪的测温原理,推导了计算被测物体表面真实温度的通用计算公式;讨论了发射率对测温精度的影响,分析了用红外热像仪进行精确测温的条件,探讨了环境、大气和热像仪本身对测量精度的影响,并绘制了各种因素对测温精度影响的理论曲线。结果表明:发射率为0.7时,真实温度为50℃,发射率偏离0.1时,对于3~5 μm热像仪来说,测温结果偏离真实温度0.76~0.89 ℃; 对于8~14 μm热像仪来说,测温结果偏离真实温度1.56~1.87℃。本研究结果对提高热像仪测量温度和表面发射率的准确性,减小不必要的测量误差具有实际意义。 相似文献
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石英玻璃等光学硬脆材料在加工过程中不可避免地产生亚表面微裂纹,从而对光学元件的使役性能具有显著影响。因此,石英玻璃亚表面微裂纹的无损检测对于优化石英玻璃加工工艺进而提高加工质量具有十分重要的意义。提出了基于偏振激光散射(Polarized Laser Scattering, PLS)的石英玻璃亚表面微裂纹检测方法,搭建了PLS无损检测系统。通过压痕实验以20 mN,50 mN,100 mN压力制备亚表面微裂纹深度为5.27μm,9.7μm,15.42μm的压痕试样,使用PLS检测系统对压痕试样进行无损检测,探究PLS信号与亚表面微裂纹深度的对应关系。通过不同粒径磨粒(1~20μm)研磨制备亚表面微裂纹深度为1~10μm的研磨试样,发现研磨PLS检测信号与亚表面裂纹深度之间呈幂函数关系。搭建的PLS检测系统可以对深度小于10μm的石英玻璃亚表面微裂纹进行有效检测与量化。PLS检测系统检测结果可实现研磨石英玻璃微裂纹检测,进而为亚表面微裂纹控制及加工工艺优化提供指导。 相似文献
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为验证微切削加工的表面微结构具有良好的减摩效果,可以用来减小发动机关键摩擦副的摩擦磨损,运用AdvantEdge有限元仿真软件研究切削用量对于硅铝合金金刚石车削过程的影响分析,基本规律是:切削速度对切削温度的影响最大,进给量次之,影响最小的是切削深度;切削深度和进给量增大使切削力增大,但二者影响程度不同,进给量不变,切削深度增大一倍,使切削力增大一倍,切削深度不变,进给量增加一倍,切削力增幅减小;切削力随着切削速度的增加先增大后减小最后趋于稳定。使用单晶金刚石车刀对硅铝合金试样进行微槽结构的切削加工,结果表明:在微切削尺度范围内,切削深度对表面粗糙度R_a影响不明显;表面粗糙度值随着进给量的增加先减小后增大;主轴转速通过产生切削热和对刀具磨损产生影响来影响表面粗糙度。将微切削加工的表面微结构与光滑表面进行往复摩擦对比实验,结果表明在负载为1 N的情况下,微槽结构表面的摩擦系数比光滑表面的摩擦系数减小了8%。 相似文献
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预氮化对碳素工具钢560℃双辉等离子渗铬的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了降低双辉等离子渗铬的工艺温度,提高低温渗铬速度,对T10钢表面在550℃进行不同时间的离子预氮化处理,再进行560℃×4h低温双辉等离子渗铬,对渗层的组织与硬度进行了研究.结果表明:各种条件下渗铬后,表面均形成铬的沉积层 扩散层,沉积层厚度4~5μm,组织致密,与基体结合良好;扩散层铬含量与显微硬度随预氮化时间的增加而增加,且均呈梯度分布;未经预氮化处理试样的扩散层深20μm左右,表面物相为铁、铁-铬固溶体、铬碳化物(Cr7C3,Cr23C6),表面显微硬度约700HV;预氮化后试样的扩散层深25~30μm,表面物相主要为铬、铁-铬固溶体、铬碳化物(Cr7C3,Cr23C6)、铬氮化物(CrN),显微硬度达915~1250HV,较未预氮化的试样提高45%以上. 相似文献
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液氮冷却下大进给铣削TC4钛合金的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钛合金是现代飞行器的主要结构材料之一,是一种典型的难加工材料。针对切削加工钛合金时刀具磨损快、表面质量不易控制等难题,将TC4钛合金作为研究对象,以液氮作为冷却介质,进行了TC4钛合金的大进给铣削试验,测试了液氮冷却条件下大进给铣削TC4钛合金的铣削力、铣削温度以及刀具磨损等,并与乳化液和低温冷风条件下的测试结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:在以较大的切削速度和每齿进给量铣削TC4钛合金时,采用液氮冷却比使用乳化液能更有效地降低切削力和切削温度;比采用低温冷风冷却能更有效地延长刀具寿命。 相似文献
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Sravan Kumar Josyula 《Machining Science and Technology》2018,22(2):225-248
The current research is to focus on developing a liquid nitrogen diffusion system to optimize the usage of liquid nitrogen and maximizing cooling and lubrication capability by effective penetration. An atomized liquid nitrogen spray system was developed to diffuse liquid nitrogen effectively at a low flow rate (10–12 L/h) and as a high velocity (8–50 m/s) droplet jet to the machining zone. Using coated carbide tool with varying tool geometry (rake angle, approach angle, and nose radius), an investigation was performed to study the role of atomized liquid nitrogen spray-assisted machining, on performance of tool and surface quality of the machined workpiece during turning of Al-TiCp composite. To analyze the performance of liquid nitrogen spray-assisted machining, various experiments were conducted. The results obtained from the experiments reveal that the effective use of atomized liquid nitrogen spray machining is a feasible alternative to dry, wet, and cryogenically chilled argon gas. This technique significantly reduces heat generation in machining zone. The study also emphasizes the influence of tool geometry on the machinability of Al-TiCp metal matrix composites. 相似文献
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High production machining and grinding is becoming essential to enhance productivity and profitability. But such machining technique inherently increases the machining and grinding zone temperature, which in turn enhances tool wear rate and impairs the product quality. Historically cutting compounds and grinding fluids are applied to control such high temperature. Not only are such cutting fluids not very effective, but most importantly they are being perceived as a major source of pollution from the machining and grinding industry. The drastic cooling action of liquid nitrogen jets does provide desirable temperature control along with other technological benefits. Several research groups and a few organisations in different parts of the world are investigating the effects of cryogenic cooling on the machinability and grindability of different work materials using different approaches. 相似文献
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High production machining and grinding is becoming essential to enhance productivity and profitability. But such machining technique inherently increases the machining and grinding zone temperature, which in turn enhances tool wear rate and impairs the product quality. Historically cutting compounds and grinding fluids are applied to control such high temperature. Not only are such cutting fluids not very effective, but most importantly they are being perceived as a major source of pollution from the machining and grinding industry. The drastic cooling action of liquid nitrogen jets does provide desirable temperature control along with other technological benefits. Several research groups and a few organisations in different parts of the world are investigating the effects of cryogenic cooling on the machinability and grindability of different work materials using different approaches. 相似文献
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真空应用太阳模拟灯及其灯阵的研制 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
为了对某相机进行热平衡试验,并克服传统太阳模拟器结构复杂、成本较高、光效利用率低的缺点,提出了将太阳模拟灯阵整体放在真空罐内使用的研制方案。首先,对该方案所需解决的各种问题进行了理论分析,计算得出模拟灯阵的辐照度要求为635.2~905.4W/m2,光学系统效率为0.1444。分析了真空罐液氮冷却系统的导热能力,结果显示,该冷却系统温度升高ΔT为2.0741K,小于其过冷度4K,表明该冷却系统可以将太阳模拟灯阵灯的热量导出。对系统热设计进行了分析和讨论,结果表明,积分器和反射镜的温度在200℃左右,氙灯灯极温度在92℃左右,满足其长时间正常工作的条件。最后,测试了模拟灯阵的技术参数,结果显示其照度为490.37~1000.56W/m2连续可调,辐照不均匀度±5%,辐照不稳定度±5%/h,各项指标均满足设计指标要求。 相似文献
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A thermophysical model is established to analyse the influence of pre-cooling of a biological specimen in the cold gas layer associated with spray-freezing techniques. The basic principles governing the process of pre-cooling are provided. It is concluded that pre-cooling is one of the major limiting steps in attaining an overall ultra-rapid cooling rate. Pre-cooling has a substantial influence on the nature of the final frozen specimens. In order completely to avoid crystallization before entry into the liquid cryogen and maximize the overall cooling rate of the specimen, precautions should be taken to control the height of the gaseous layer and the size of the specimen. The probability of the specimen being frozen in the cold gaseous layer is reduced by increasing the entry speed. The effectiveness, however, becomes less marked at speeds greater than 10 m/s. In order to minimize the risk of misinterpreting the measured cooling rate, it is necessary to specify the pre-cooling conditions. The pre-cooling effect is much more evident in liquid helium than in cryogens such as propane, ethane, Freon 12, 13 and 22. 相似文献
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过热蒸汽下分级机主轴系统热态特性的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
过热蒸汽气流磨是一种新型的粉体加工设备,由于其工质过热蒸汽温度较高,在系统运行时需对与其配套的分级机的轴承进行冷却,其冷却要求为保证轴承温度维持在75℃以下及避免过度冷却,使粉碎腔中轴段的温度高于100℃,保证粉碎腔中不出现冷凝现象。为寻求一种有效的冷却方法,以四川绵阳流能粉体设备有限公司某型号过热蒸汽分级机为原型建模,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对其在自然冷却、水冷轴承座和油循环冷却三种条件下主轴系统的温升进行了数值模拟分析。通过模拟结果得:在自然冷却的条件下,分级机上下轴承温升较快,发热非常严重,轴承外圈最高温度分别达到145℃和177℃,超过普通轴承的极限使用温度;在采用水冷轴承座时,运行约45分钟,分级机主轴系统温度达到平衡,上下轴承外圈温度最高不超过33℃和46℃,同时粉碎腔中轴段的最低温度高于100℃;在采用油循环冷却时,运行约80分钟,主轴系统温升达到平衡,上下轴承外圈温度不超过43℃和56℃,且粉碎腔中轴段表面温度最低温度高于100℃。由以上结果可看出水冷轴承座和油循环冷却两种方式均能满足冷却要求,但油循环冷却造价昂贵,且油液密封困难,而水冷轴承座这种方式简单易行,故建议采用水冷轴承座这种方式对主轴系统进行冷却。 相似文献