SE-AKA: A secure and efficient group authentication and key agreement protocol for LTE networks

To support Evolved Packet System (EPS) in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has proposed an authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol, named EPS-AKA, which has become an emerging standard for fourth-generation (4G) wireless communications. However, due to the requirement of backward compatibility, EPS-AKA inevitably inherits some defects of its predecessor UMTS-AKA protocol that cannot resist several frequent attacks, i.e., redirection attack, man-in-the-middle attack, and DoS attack. Meanwhile, there are additional security issues associated with the EPS-AKA protocol, i.e., the lack of privacy-preservation and key forward/backward secrecy (KFS/KBS). In addition, there are new challenges with the emergence of group-based communication scenarios in authentication. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient AKA protocol, called SE-AKA, which can fit in with all of the group authentication scenarios in the LTE networks. Specifically, SE-AKA uses Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) to realize KFS/KBS, and it also adopts an asymmetric key cryptosystem to protect users’ privacy. For group authentication, it simplifies the whole authentication procedure by computing a group temporary key (GTK). Compared with other authentication protocols, SE-AKA cannot only provide strong security including privacy-preservation and KFS/KBS, but also provide a group authentication mechanism which can effectively authenticate group devices. Extensive security analysis and formal verification by using proverif have shown that the proposed SE-AKA is secure against various malicious attacks. In addition, elaborate performance evaluations in terms of communication, computational and storage overhead also demonstrates that SE-AKA is more efficient than those existing protocols.     

An efficient client–client password-based authentication scheme with provable security

Recently, Tso proposed a three-party password-based authenticated key exchange (3PAKE) protocol. This protocol allows two clients to authenticate each other and establish a secure session key through a server over an insecure channel. The main security goals of such protocols are authentication and privacy. However, we show that Tso’s protocol achieves neither authentication goal nor privacy goal. In this paper, we indicate that the privacy and authentication goals of Tso’s protocol will be broken by off-line password guessing attack and impersonation attack, respectively. To overcome the weaknesses, we propose an improved 3PAKE protocol to achieve more security and performance than related protocols. The security of the proposed improved protocol is proved in random oracle model.     

面向云服务的匿名单点登录认证协议*

单点登录可以使用户只须进行一次身份验证就能高效便捷地访问多种网络服务。为了使用户可以更加安全高效地访问服务,基于扩展切比雪夫混沌映射,提出了一种新的单点登录认证协议,并证明了其安全性。方案中用户和云端应用服务器利用身份信息生成公、私钥对,并结合DH密钥交换思想进行双向认证。与现有其它基于切比雪夫混沌映射的认证协议进行了比较,结果显示本文提出的认证协议更加安全高效。     

A novel DNA based password authentication system for global roaming in resource-limited mobile environments

Mobile environments are highly vulnerable to security threats and pose a great challenge for the wireless and mobile networks being used today. Because the mode of a wireless channel is open, these networks do not carry any inherent security and hence are more prone to attacks. Therefore, designing a secure and robust protocol for authentication in a global mobile network is always a challenging. In these networks, it is crucial to provide authentication to establish a secure communication between the Mobile User (MU), Foreign Agent (FA) and Home Agent (HA). In order to secure communication among these entities, a number of authentication protocols have been proposed. The main security flaw of the existing authentication protocols is that attackers have the ability to impersonate a legal user at any time. Moreover, the existing authentication protocols in the literature are exposed to various kind of cryptographic attacks. Besides, the authentication protocols require larger key length and more computation overhead. To remedy these weaknesses in mobility networks, DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) based authentication scheme using Hyper Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (HECC) is introduced. It offers greater security and allows an MU, FA and HA to establish a secure communication channel, in order to exchange the sensitive information over the radio link. The proposed system derive benefit from HECC, which is smaller in terms of key size, more computational efficiency. In addition, the security strength of this authentication system is validated through widely accepted security verification tool called ProVerif. Further, the performance analysis shows that the DNA based authentication system using HECC is secure and practically implementable in the resource-constrained mobility nodes.

     

自认证公钥的无线传感器网络密钥协商协议

自认证公钥密码不需要证书管理,不存在密钥托管问题,非常适用于资源受限的无线传感器网络.但现有的自认证公钥传感网密钥协商协议存在安全性低和能量消耗大的缺点.首先分析并指出Yoon等人提出的协议不能抵抗密钥泄漏伪装攻击;然后采用MTI协议族的"隐式认证"的思想,基于椭圆曲线Diffie-Hellman假设,设计了一个新的基于自认证公钥体制的认证密钥协商协议WSN-AKA.该协议是第1个可证明安全的传感器网络自认证公钥体制密钥协商协议.与现有协议相比,该协议不仅安全性更高,而且因其密钥协商只需两次消息传递,其通信效率也最高而能耗最少.     

标准模型下隐私保护的多因素密钥交换协议

多因素认证密钥交换协议融合多种不同的认证因素来实现强安全的身份认证和访问控制,在具有高级别安全应用需求的移动泛在服务中具有巨大的应用潜力.现阶段多因素协议的研究成果还不丰富,并且已有协议都是在随机预言模型下可证明安全的.以两方口令认证密钥交换协议、鲁棒的模糊提取器以及签名方案为基本组件提出了一个标准模型下可证明安全的多因素协议.本文的协议中服务器不知道用户的生物模板,因此实现了对生物信息的隐私保护.与已有的随机预言模型下的多因素协议相比,本文的协议在满足更高安全性的同时具有更高的计算效率和通信效率,因此更满足高级别安全的移动泛在服务的应用需求.     

An efficient three-party authenticated key exchange protocol using elliptic curve cryptography for mobile-commerce environments

For secure communications in public network environments, various three-party authenticated key exchange (3PAKE) protocols are proposed to provide the transaction confidentiality and efficiency. In 2008, Chen et al. proposed a round-efficient 3PAKE protocol to provide the computation and communication efficiency for user authentication and session key exchange. However, we discover that the computation costs and communication loads of their protocol are still high so that it cannot be applied to mobile communications. Therefore, we propose an efficient three-party authenticated key exchange protocol based upon elliptic curve cryptography for mobile-commerce environments. Because the elliptic curve cryptography is used, the proposed 3PAKE protocol has low computation costs and light communication loads. Compared with Chen et al.’s protocol, the proposed protocol is more suitable and practical for mobile-commerce environments.     

认证协议中数据同步的分析

认证双方数据的同步是认证协议以及认证密钥交换协议的基本要求,但是在协议设计过程中难以把握且经常被忽视。对近年来可证明安全的一个RFID认证协议和一个RFID认证密钥交换协议以及可证明安全的一个移动卫星通信系统认证密钥交换协议进行了仔细分析,分别发现了针对这些协议的数据同步攻击,这些攻击破坏了协议的可用性。最后分别给出了改进方案,以克服存在的安全隐患。     

Simple password-based three-party authenticated key exchange without server public keys

Password-based three-party authenticated key exchange protocols are extremely important to secure communications and are now extensively adopted in network communications. These protocols allow users to communicate securely over public networks simply by using easy-to-remember passwords. In considering authentication between a server and user, this study categorizes password-based three-party authenticated key exchange protocols into explicit server authentication and implicit server authentication. The former must achieve mutual authentication between a server and users while executing the protocol, while the latter only achieves authentication among users. This study presents two novel, simple and efficient three-party authenticated key exchange protocols. One protocol provides explicit server authentication, and the other provides implicit server authentication. The proposed protocols do not require server public keys. Additionally, both protocols have proven secure in the random oracle model. Compared with existing protocols, the proposed protocols are more efficient and provide greater security.     

A secure and efficient ECC-based user anonymity-preserving session initiation authentication protocol using smart card

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling communications protocol, which has been chosen for controlling multimedia communication in 3G mobile networks. The proposed authentication in SIP is HTTP digest based authentication. Recently, Tu et al. presented an improvement of Zhang et al.’s smart card-based authenticated key agreement protocol for SIP. Their scheme efficiently resists password guessing attack. However, in this paper, we analyze the security of Tu et al.’s scheme and demonstrate their scheme is still vulnerable to user’s impersonation attack, server spoofing attack and man-in-the middle attack. We aim to propose an efficient improvement on Tu et al.’s scheme to overcome the weaknesses of their scheme, while retaining the original merits of their scheme. Through the rigorous informal and formal security analysis, we show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks including the attacks found in Tu et al.’s scheme. Furthermore, we simulate our scheme for the formal security analysis using the widely-accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool and show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks including the replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme is comparable in terms of the communication and computational overheads with Tu et al.’s scheme and other related existing schemes.     

无双线性对的无证书两方认证密钥协商协议

鉴于双线性对运算复杂度较高,不适用于移动通信环境,提出新的无双线性对的基于无证书的两方认证密钥协商协议。新协议解决了基于身份的公钥密码方案中固有的密钥托管问题,实现了对通信双方的身份认证,采用非双线性对运算,极大地降低了计算开销。通过分析协议的正确性,采用Applied Pi演算对协议进行形式化分析,借助ProVerif工具验证了协议的安全性和认证性。与其他两方密钥协商协议相比,新方案具有更好的安全性和效率。     

Robust biometric-based three-party authenticated key establishment protocols

This paper proposes secure and efficient biometric-based three-party authenticated key establishment (B3AKE) protocols to minimize the computation costs of each participant and fit three-party communication. The proposed B3AKE protocols adopts a three-factor authentication mechanism which uses biometric, token, and passwords for users unlike the related protocols. In addition, the proposed B3AKE protocols are composed of four sub-protocols, which are registration, biometric-based three-party authenticated key transport, biometric-based three-party authenticated key agreement (B3AKA), and password update. In order to exploit the key block size, speed, and security jointly, the proposed B3AKA protocol is based on symmetric key cryptosystems and elliptic curve cryptography. As a result, the proposed B3AKE protocols not only are secure against well-known cryptographical attacks but also provide perfect forward secrecy. Furthermore, the number of rounds is smaller by one round than the related protocols and the asymmetric key encryption/decryption operations do not need to establish a session key and authenticate between two users and a server. Thus, the proposed B3AKE protocols are very useful in limited computation and communication resource environments to access remote information systems since it provides security, reliability, and efficiency.     

Cryptanalysis of two three-party encrypted key exchange protocols

Due to the simplicity of maintaining human memorable passwords without any assistant storage device, password-based three-party encrypted key exchange (3PEKE) protocol has become one of the most promising research fields on user authentication and secure communication. In 2008, Chen et al. and Yoon and Yoo both pointed that Chang and Chang's password-based 3PEKE scheme cannot resist against undetectable on-line password guessing attacks, and then respectively proposed an improved protocol to eliminate the security vulnerability. However, based on the security analyses conducted by us, we find that both of their protocols are still vulnerable against undetectable on-line password guessing attacks. Accordingly, we develop a novel 3PEKE protocol to remedy these authentication flaws. Moreover, our proposed protocol can achieve better performance efficiency by requiring only four message transmission rounds. In conclusion, we can claim that our proposed 3PEKE protocol is more secure and efficient in comparison with the protocols proposed by Chen et al. and Yoon and Yoo.     

A lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol preserving user anonymity

Nowadays with widespread employment of the Internet, servers provide various services for legal users. The vital issue in client/server connections is authentication protocols that make the communication channel safe and secure against famous attacks. Recently, Kumari et al. and Chaudhry et al. proposed two authentication and key agreement protocols and illustrated that their proposed protocols are secure against various security attacks. However, in this paper we demonstrate that both protocols are vulnerable to off-line password guessing attacks. Moreover, we show that Kumari et al.’s protocol does not provide the property of user anonymity. In order to overcome these weaknesses, we propose a lightweight authentication and key agreement protocol. The correctness of the proposed protocol is proved using BAN logic. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol resists various security attacks and provides user anonymity. Furthermore, performance analysis confirms that the computation cost of the proposed protocol is acceptable.

     

An novel three-party authenticated key exchange protocol using one-time key

Three-party authenticated key exchange protocol (3PAKE) is an important cryptographic technique for secure communication which allows two parties to agree a new secure session key with the help of a trusted server. In this paper, we propose a new three-party authenticated key exchange protocol which aims to achieve more efficiency with the same security level of other existing 3PAKE protocols. Security analysis and formal verification using AVISPA tools show that the proposed protocol is secure against various known attacks. Comparing with other typical 3PAKE protocols, the proposed protocol is more efficient with less computation complexity.     

标准模型下高效的三方口令认证密钥交换协议

三方口令认证密钥交换协议允许两个分别与服务器共享不同口令的用户在服务器的协助下建立共享的会话密钥,从而实现了用户间端到端的安全通信.现阶段,多数的三方口令认证密钥交换协议都是在随机预言模型下可证明安全的.但在实际应用中,利用哈希函数对随机预言函数进行实例化的时候会给随机预言模型下可证明安全的协议带来安全隐患,甚至将导致协议不安全.以基于ElGamal加密的平滑投射哈希函数为工具,在共同参考串模型下设计了一种高效的三方口令认证密钥交换协议,并且在标准模型下基于DDH假设证明了协议的安全性.与已有的同类协议相比,该协议在同等的安全假设下具有更高的计算效率和通信效率,因此更适用于大规模的端到端通信环境.     

无双线性对双向认证密钥协商协议

为提高公钥密码体制下身份认证协议的性能,将杂凑函数结合到认证过程中,提出一种高性能的交互认证密钥协商协议.协议设计认证双方通过两次信息交换即可实现双向认证,显著降低通信代价.协议的运算复杂度与传统公钥密码体制下身份认证协议相当.通过针对已知攻击形式化推演的方法和数学推导证明了协议能抵御拒绝服务攻击、内部攻击在内的各种已知攻击.协议还设计了登录认证成功后的一次性对称会话密钥协商机制.     

理想格上的多阶段认证密钥交换协议

现有的格基认证密钥交换协议普遍基于Bellare-Rogaway等单阶段模型,忽略了实际通信场景中会话密钥建立的阶段分离。针对这一问题,基于MSKE模型提出了一种格基多阶段认证密钥交换协议。该方案使用预共享的口令进行认证,并使用Peikert误差消除机制结合服务器静态密钥实现多阶段密钥协商。分析表明,该方案整体只引入少量计算开销,实现了双向认证、二阶会话密钥完美前向保密、抗量子攻击等特性,在MSKE模型下满足KD-2FS-M安全等级,是一种简单高效的后量子多阶段密钥交换协议。     

位替换运算的超轻量级移动RFID认证协议

在传统的RFID系统中,读写器与服务器之间采用安全的有线信道通信;而新产生的移动RFID系统则与传统的RFID系统中不同,读写器与服务器之间基于无线信道进行通信,使得适用于传统RFID系统的认证协议并不能运用在移动RFID系统中。为解决该缺陷,提出一种基于位替换运算的超轻量级移动射频识别系统双向认证协议MSB。MSB基于按位运算对信息进行加密,降低通信实体的计算量;标签、读写器、服务器先认证再通信机制,使得MSB能抵抗常见的攻击。对协议进行安全性分析,表明协议具备较高的安全属性;对协议进行性能分析,表明协议具备低计算量的特征;对协议进行基于GNY逻辑形式化分析,给出协议严谨的推理证明过程。     

A new provably secure authentication and key agreement protocol for SIP using ECC

SIP has been chosen as the protocol for multimedia application in 3G mobile networks. The authentication mechanism proposed in SIP specification is HTTP digest based authentication, which allows malicious parties to impersonate other parties or to charge calls to others, furthermore, other security problems, such as off-line password guessing attacks and server spoofing, are also needed to be solved. This paper proposes a new authenticated key exchange protocol NAKE, which can solve the existing problems in the original proposal. The NAKE protocol is probably secure in CK security model, thus it inherits the corresponding security attributes in CK security model.