改进注浆法制备YSZ电解质薄管的烧结和电性能

用改进注浆法制备出8mol%钇稳定化氧化锆（YSZ）电解质长薄管，研究了YSZ电解质长薄管的烧结工艺，分析了烧结过程和Al2O3掺入量对其致密性的影响，确定了相应的烧结制度，并对所获得的YSZ电解质薄管的电性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：升温速度对YSZ长薄管的性能有着重要影响，坯体中阿拉伯树胶在600℃时被完全烧尽，1400～1500℃的温度范围是烧结的重要阶段，这期间气孔率显著下降，致密性明显提高。加入适量的Al2O3有助于提高YSZ长薄管的致密性。样品的氧离子电导率随烧结密度的增大而提高。利用改进注浆法和上述烧结工艺在1650℃已烧制出相对密度为96.7%、长度为266mm、厚度为0.4～0.9mm的YSZ电解质长薄管。     

管状YSZ电解持的制备及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

以8mol%钇稳定化氧化锆（YSZ）为原料,以阿拉伯树胶为分散剂和粘接剂,采用改进注浆法制备出长度为226－260mm、壁厚为0.4-0.9mm的致密YSZ电解质薄管。设计并制出带有一定锥度的空芯石膏膜,研究了球磨时间对成型料浆稳定性的影响,烧结温度对YSZ样品致密度的影响。研究结果表明：球磨时间在75-140min的范围内料浆的稳定性较好,随烧结温度的升高,样品的致密度提高。用这种YSZ薄管制成固体氧化物燃料电池,电池的电学性能随温度的升高而明显提高,三节电池串联的最大功率为2.2W。     

管状YSZ电解质的制备及其在固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用*

以 8mol %钇稳定化氧化锆 (YSZ)为原料 ,以阿拉伯树胶为分散剂和粘接剂 ,采用改进注浆法制备出长度为 2 2 6～2 60mm、壁厚为 0 .4～ 0 .9mm的致密YSZ电解质薄管。设计并制出带有一定锥度的空芯石膏模 ,研究了球磨时间对成型料浆稳定性的影响 ,烧结温度对YSZ样品致密度的影响。研究结果表明 :球磨时间在 75～ 14 0min的范围内料浆的稳定性较好 ,随烧结温度的升高 ,样品的致密度提高。用这种YSZ薄管制成固体氧化物燃料电池 ,电池的电学性能随温度的升高而明显提高 ,三节电池串联的最大功率为 2 .2W。     

双粒径组分YSZ纳米粉体的成型、烧结与电学性能研究

介绍了单粒径组分和双粒径组分YSZ纳米粉体的成型与烧结行为以及烧结体电学性能的研究.其中采用双粒径组分配料,在传统的单轴施压情况下成型,即能明显降低YSZ陶瓷膜的致密烧结温度,在1400℃烧结样品的相对密度可以达到93%, 1550℃烧结样品的相对密度能达到99%;所制备YSZ致密陶瓷膜在800℃的离子电导率为0.4S/cm.     

泥浆喷涂制备阳极支撑YSZ电解质薄膜工艺研究

采用泥浆喷涂工艺制备SOFC用阳极支撑YSZ电解质薄膜,首先采用模压成型工艺制窷iO-YSZ阳北极基底,通过优化泥浆制备工艺条件及喷涂条件,在NiO-YSZ阳极基底上喷涂均匀平整的YSZ电解质涂层,进一步采用共烧结工艺使YSZ电解质层致密.通过在基底中添加碳粉造孔剂,调节阳极基底的烧结收缩率与电解质层烧结收缩率一致,避免电解质涂层的开裂和变形.阳极基底中加入5wt%含量的碳粉,阳极与电解质层烧结收缩率一致.扫描电子显微镜观察电解质涂层表面形貌表明,球磨24h的泥浆喷涂的YSZ涂层较好,阳极基底与电解质膜在1400℃烧结2h,电解质膜层致密,表明通过泥浆喷涂工艺可以制备出致密电解质层.     

SrCe0.85Y0.15O2.925的合成和导电性能

用高分子凝胶法制备了氧化物固体电解质SrCeo.85Yo.15O2.925,研究了单体与网络剂的配比、烧结温度等参数对相平衡关系和材料性能的影响.结果表明:当单体与网络剂的质量比是5:1,在1300℃烧结可以合成出单相钙钛矿结构的SrCeo.85Yo.15O2.925.样品的致密性随着烧结温度的升高而提高,在1300℃烧结出的样品密度大约为理论密度的95%;电导率随着样品密度的增大而增大,700℃时样品的电导率大于0.10 mS·m-1.     

纳米粉体制备8YSZ电解质工艺性能研究

实验研究了纳米粉体制备8YSZ电解质的固相烧结过程。根据阿基米德原理测瓷体密度；通过测定烧结前后瓷片尺寸，求出烧结线收缩；采用四端电极法测瓷体的电导率；使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测样品微观形貌，并探讨了YSZ纳米粉体烧结的动力学过程。由于纳米颗粒尺寸较细、粒度分布均匀、无硬团聚和很好的球形度，使得烧结温度大幅度降低。实验表明，最佳烧结温度为1450℃，此时材料致密，相对密度在97％以上；气孔含量少、晶粒均匀，电导率高，1000℃时为0．162Ω^-1cm^-1，是理想的高温电解质材料。     

钇稳定氧化锆纳米粉体烧结工艺的研究

实验研究了钇全稳定氧化锆(8YSZ)纳米粉体的烧结工艺,根据阿基米德原理测瓷体密度,通过测定烧结前后瓷片尺寸获得烧结线收缩率,使用扫描电子显微镜观测样品微观形貌,并探讨了纳米粉体烧结的致密化过程,分析了烧结工艺对致密度和晶粒大小的影响,得到了8YSZ纳米粉体合理的烧结工艺为:采用两步烧结,首先升温到1500℃,升温速率为3℃/min,然后降低温度到1450℃,烧结时间为4h.结果显示,采用该工艺,可以得到相对密度98%,晶粒尺寸小于3μm的性能优异的8YSZ瓷体.研究发现,粉体粒度对烧结性能影响较大,纳米粉体比普通粉体具有较低的开始烧结温度,双粒度混合粉体可以进一步提高其烧结性能.     

YSZ纳米粉料流延成型电解质薄膜性能研究

探索了以YSZ纳米粉体为原料,采用流延成型的方法制备YSZ电解质薄膜的工艺过程,具体探讨了不同粒度粉体流延后坯体的性能,结果表明,纳米范围内颗粒粒度粗可以获得致密度较高的坯体。但在烧结过程中,细粒度粉料表现出更好的性能,实验制备的YSZ电解质薄膜的面积比电阻在1123K,比德国D样品大幅度下降。573～1023K的阻抗谱显示出实验制备的YSZ电解质试样的晶粒、晶界和电极处的阻抗都明显降低,综合性能明显优于国外同类产品。流延成型工艺可以获得尺寸为100mm×100mm×0.125mm的8YSZ电解质薄片,这为平板式SOFC在中国的快速发展做好了材料上的准备。     

注浆成型法制备的钇稳定化氧化锆电解质性能研究

采用注浆法制备了钇稳定化氧化锆（ＹＳＺ）电解质。制得的样品的密度随烧结温度的升高而提高,经１５５０℃烧结的样品的相对密度对９３％,当其厚度大于０．２ｍｍ时,可以达到气密的程度,从而可以作固体氧化物燃料电池的电解质。样品经１３００℃以上温度的烧结后,可得到完全的立方萤石结构。扫描电镜测量结果表明,随烧结温度的升高,样品的晶粒尺寸变大,孔洞变小。对样品的电阻能结果表明,在相同的温度下,各样品的晶粒电阻     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.