滑差电机拖动水泥回转窑节约电能浅析

一、概述水泥生产是高耗能作业。我局在设计水泥厂时,本着节能原则,对水泥回转窑的调速拖动进行了多方案的选比,如直流电机拖动,整流子电机拖动,滑差电机拖动等。根据水泥生产工艺中回转窑对调速范围、训速精度的要求,考虑到原料进入同转窑在烧成过程中形成了流体负载,在转速低调时可以节约电能这一特点,确定选用滑差电机调速拖动方案,如图1所示。     

工业汽轮机振动故障分析与处理

燕山铜铁公司2号高炉送风机的拖动系统由电机拖动改为汽轮机拖动后,由于管道;中洗油质太脏导致启动不顺利,处理后发生联轴器长度设计不合理导致风机振动大;更改联轴器长度后,经过现场动平衡和调整高调机构间隙后,机组整体运行状态良好。     

抓好电动机经济运行的节能

工厂的中小型电机应用量大,涉及面广,是主要的动力拖动设备,抓好电机节能节电工作,是搞好电气设备经济运行的重点.     

RC电机反接制动器在GR4A型多用节能烘干设备自动调车上的应用

我们在研制GR4A型自动调车烘干设备横向链条拖动烘车的设计中,采用了RC反接电机制动器解决了横向链条拖动电机停机后惯性问题。结构简单、可靠,制动时间又可调,成本又低,维修也方便,现介绍如下: 如图,打开自动调车开关NK,时间继电器SJ工作(可调整烘车移动时间),当到     

工况自适应拖动装置应用效果评价

抽油机工况自适应拖动装置是一种将普通游梁式抽油机转化成智能抽油机的辅助性系统,主要由多功能电脑控制单元、电机随动驱动器以及运动状态传感器组成。该装置在现场共应用380套,分别在常规拖动运行状态和工况自适应拖动运行状态下,对抽油机启动、运行状态下的消耗功率、电流、产液量、沉没度、耗电、系统效率、功率因数等数据进行测试对比。采用工况自适应拖动装置能够实现柔性启动,在很大程度上消除了启动时的电流冲击和机械冲击,提高了电机配置;能够实现柔性运行,保证电机的衡功率输出,有效降低抽油机井的消耗功率,减少负功输出及设备损耗;该装置可通过自动调节冲次功能保证井下动液面的合理性,实现供排关系的协调;该装置能够提高功率因数,在运行过程中降低吨液百米耗电,有效提高系统效率。     

煤气压缩机电动机及起动方式的选择与校验

介绍了燃气轮机气体燃料前置系统压缩机的拖动电机的选型及起动方式的设计方法。     

推广变频调速节能产品的障碍与对策

电机被广泛地用于拖动风扇、泵、鼓风机、空气压缩机、制冷压缩机、传送装置和其他类型设备,其年耗电量超过6000亿kWh。据初步统计分析,目前各类电机的效率约比国外低3～5个百分点,风机和泵的效率要比发达国家低2～5个百分点,整体在用的电机拖动系统运行效率比国外低20%左右。由此可见,电机系统节能是目前中国节能市场上最具商业潜力的领域,变频调速技术以其具有调速速率高、范围大、调节精度高、启动能耗小等优点,得到世界各国学术界和工业界的公认。但是,目前加速推广这项技术还存在着价格高、技术较复杂及对电网污染等问题。本文就这些问题进行了初步分析并提出了相关对策建议。     

应用于柴油机倒拖的电力拖动控制系统建模仿真

以电动机作为动力源来拖动大型船用主柴油机,使柴油机实现不发火运转,达到节能环保的目的。柴油机作为拖动系统的负载,负载扭矩随转速和曲轴转角而变化。以6ES35ME-B型低速大功率柴油机为例,建立单缸扭矩仿真模型进行仿真计算。确定拖动系统负载扭矩后根据异步电动机矢量控制原理搭建了无速度传感器的转差率控制的矢量调速控制系统。将倒拖工况下的扭矩模型作为负载与变频调速系统进行连接,对仿真模型进行计算并验证了电力拖动方案的可行性。试验证明250kW的电机可以拖动柴油机在0-60r/min范围内运转,调速性能良好。     

电机系统能效现状和节能潜力分析方法综述

文章对我国电机系统的能耗状况、我国电动机、拖动设备和系统的能效状况与发达国家的差距进行了阐述和分析,对欧美和我国采取的推进电机系统节能的措施和项目进行了介绍,在此基础上对电机系统的节能分析方法和主要的节能技术进行了论述。最后,对上海实施的有代表性的节能改造项目情况进行了介绍。     

超高转差电机用于游梁式抽油机的节能机理

本世纪七十年代末,国外开始以超高转差电机代替普通电机驱动游梁式抽油机(以下简称抽油机),取得了明显的节电效果。我国于1983年,开始对超高转差电动机进行设计制造和应用,自1985年后,石油天然气总公司下属承德石油机械厂,已正式成批生产CJT-3型和CJT-4型抽油机节能拖动装置。这种装置由超高转差电动机(YccH)及其控制箱(CK)组成。目前,我局与重庆川江电机厂,联合研制的CJT-4型和CJT-6型抽油机节能拖动装置,     

抽油机井节电设备配置优化试验与应用

油井抽油机、电机、电控箱组合配置有利于节能（电能）。以吨液百米耗电量为指标,考察了7组不同抽油机、电机、电控箱组合配置在4种举升高度（200m、400m、600m、800m）下的系统效率。耗电设备的合理配置,可以提高系统效率,降低吨液耗电量,节能（电能）效果显著。     

国际电动机能效政策法规研究与分析

作为生产量大、使用面广的工业通用产品之一,电动机的节能政策自诞生起就吸引了全球的关注.分析目的地国家的电动机能效政策法规已成为我国电机生产企业在从事进出口贸易过程中必不可少的环节.通过研究和介绍了世界范围内主要电动机进出口贸易地区的能效政策法规,涵盖亚洲、欧洲、北美洲、南美洲、澳洲等五大洲共计超过10个国家,覆盖面广,实用性高,适用性强.同时分析相关政策的差异和关联性.为我国相关政策的制订和完善提供技术支持.     

Evaluation of electric motor and gasoline engine hybrid car using solar cells

We evaluated the utility of a hybrid car in which both power sources of an electric motor and a gasoline engine are used and solar cells are settled on the roof and the bonnet. An array of 1.6 kW solar cells was installed on the top of a building to charge the batteries by solar energy. Though the capacities of the electric motor and batteries are half compared with conventional electric vehicles, we confirmed that this hybrid car has sufficient utility for practical use. The whole electric energy consumed in a day can be supplied by 1.6 kW solar cell system.     

Electric vehicles charge forward

This article reviews the status of electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEVs) worldwide and their state of the art, with emphasis on the engineering philosophy and key technologies. The importance of the integration of technologies of automobile, electric motor drive, electronics, energy storage and controls, and the importance of the integration of society strength from government, industry, research institutions, electric power utilities, and transportation authorities are addressed. The challenged of EV commercialization is discussed. EV is a multidisciplinary subject involving broad and complex aspects. However, it has core technologies; chassis and body technology, propulsion technology, and energy source technology. The electric propulsion system is the heart of the EV. It consists of motor drive, transmission and controller, plus the integration with engine power train in the case of the HEV.     

Energy use,energy savings and emission analysis in the Malaysian rubber producing industries

In this paper an analysis of energy use and energy conservation in the Malaysian rubber producing industries is presented. It has been found that rubber industries consume a substantial amount of energy. Excessive use of energy is usually associated with many industrial plants worldwide, and rubber plants are no exception. This study is based on the realization that enormous potential exists for cost-effective improvements in the existing energy-using equipment. Through the method of a walkthrough energy audit, power rating, operation time of energy-consuming equipment/machineries and power factor were collected. The data were then analyzed to investigate the breakdown of end-use equipment/machineries energy use. The results of the energy audit in the Malaysian rubber and rubber producing industries showed that the electric motor accounts for a major fraction of total energy consumption followed by pumps, heaters, cooling systems and lighting. Since the electric motor takes up a substantial amount of the total energy used in rubber industries, energy-savings strategies such as the use of high efficient motors, and variable speed drive (VSD) have been used to reduce energy consumption of motors used in rubber industries. Energy-savings strategies for compressed-air systems, boilers, and chillers have also been applied to estimate energy and cost savings. It has been found that significant amount of energy and; utility bills can be saved along with the reduction of emission by applying the foretold strategies for energy using machineries in the rubber industries.     

节点理论在抽油机系统节能中的应用

2004年大庆油田采油十厂机采系统能耗占全部能耗的43.56%,系统效率仅为6.0%。相关文献和资料表明:常规抽油机-有杆泵抽油系统中各耗能节点依照效率从低到高排序依次为电机、抽油泵、抽油杆、管柱、皮带、减速箱、四连杆机构和盘根盒。对能量传递过程中能量损失较大的电机、抽油泵、抽油杆和管柱的效率进行分析后,确定如下节能措施:更换节能电机和节能配电箱,提高电机效率;使用HY级高强度抽油杆代替D级抽油杆;应用系统效率优化软件对单井参数实施动态调整,包括冲次调整、冲程调整、泵径调整和泵深调整等。通过实施以上措施,大庆十厂机采系统能耗得到有效控制,总装机功率上升幅度与抽油机井年耗电增长幅度均低于井数增加比例,吨液机采耗电从2007年的51.05kW·h/t下降至2008年的50.62kW·h/t,系统效率从2007年的6.78%升至2008年的6.85%。     

A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savings

The industrial sector is the largest users of energy around the world. Industrial motor uses a major fraction of total industrial energy uses. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review about electric motor energy analysis. This paper compiles latest literatures in terms of thesis (MS and PhD), journal articles, conference proceedings, web materials, reports, books, handbooks on electrical motor energy use, losses, efficiency, energy savings strategies. Different types of losses that occur in a motor have been identified and ways to overcome these losses explained. An energy audit that helps to identify motor energy wastages have been discussed extensively. As motors are the major energy users, different energy savings strategies such as use of high-efficient motor, variable speed drive (VSD), and capacitor bank to improve the power factor to reduce their energy uses have reviewed. Different policy measures (i.e. regulatory, voluntary and incentives based) to save motor energy use have been reviewed and presented in this paper. In this review, computer tools that can be used to analyze electric motors energy used has been discussed. Cost parameters to carry out economic analysis have been shown as well. Moreover, payback period for different energy savings strategies have been identified.     

Energy efficiency in pumps

In this paper, “energy efficiency” studies, done in a big industrial facility’s pumps, are reported. For this purpose; the flow rate, pressure and temperature have been measured for each pump in different operating conditions and at maximum load. In addition, the electrical power drawn by the electric motor has been measured. The efficiencies of the existing pumps and electric motor have been calculated by using the measured data.

Potential energy saving opportunities have been studied by taking into account the results of the calculations for each pump and electric motor. As a conclusion, improvements should be made each system. The required investment costs for these improvements have been determined, and simple payback periods have been calculated.

The main energy saving opportunities result from: replacements of the existing low efficiency pumps, maintenance of the pumps whose efficiencies start to decline at certain range, replacements of high power electric motors with electric motors that have suitable power, usage of high efficiency electric motors and elimination of cavitation problems.     

Line start permanent magnet synchronous motors: Challenges and opportunities

Future energy challenges, likewise the environmental crises such as fossil fuel emissions and global warming urge the world to focus on energy saving programs more than ever. An effective way to face these challenges is to improve electric motors efficiency as one of the greatest energy consumption apparatuses in the world. Induction motors constitute, by far, the largest portion of electric motors both in terms of quantity and total power ratings among all electric motors. However, more efficient motor types gradually appear as alternatives. In this paper, line start permanent magnet motors as a powerful candidate with growing market are investigated in some details. The motor opportunities like high efficiency, high power factor and high power density are explored against the challenges associated with this motor including higher cost, extra manufacturing burden and transient and synchronization behaviors. Finally, some concluding comments and remarks are drawn for future research and manufacturing of line start permanent magnet motors.     

A maximum efficiency-photovoltaic-induction motor pump system

It is not economically viable to connect remote areas to the national electric grid, so pumping systems based on photovoltaic energy sources are suitable for these areas. The induction motor is more rugged, reliable, and maintenance free than d.c. motors. In this paper, a pumping system based on an induction motor driven by a voltage source inverter is investigated. Two control strategies are considered. First, the system is controlled to operate on the maximum power line of the PV array, with variable water discharge Q. Second, the induction machine is controlled to operate at maximum efficiency. The operating characteristic of the array is thus controlled to match the voltage and current required by the motor. Comparison is carried out between the two operating schemes.