白云鄂博矿综合利用天然放射性致职工辐射剂量三十年评价(1960—1990)

本文综述了白云鄂博矿中天然放射性钍,在选冶过程中各工序的转移及存在数量,及放射性比活度,及致职工辐射剂量,并得出全部低于放射卫生防护标准中规定的放射工作人员年有效剂量限值.     

辐射及其防护

本文简述了辐射技术的应用在给人类创造巨大经济效应和社会效益的同时，也给人类带来了危害。论述了辐射防护的目的、原则、标准及内照射和外照射防护的措施。指出了严格执行放射卫生防护标准及有关的操作规程和安全规程，能保证个人及环境的安全，放射性工作的安全度并不低于其它工作。     

核仪表的原理及其防护

简略叙述了术 秤的硬件组成及工作原理，国家标准关于核辐射防护体系个人剂量限值的有关规定，介绍了术仪表辐射，自然环境核辐射对人体的影响以及日常核辐射防护措施。     

稀土生产的放射性及其对健康影响的概述

稀土生产的放射性及其对健康影响的概述刘鸿忠（包钢稀土研究院包头０１４０１０）本文在稀土厂矿、各科研院所大量监测及调研的基础上，对稀土生产厂矿作业场所的放射性水平、作业者所受放射性剂量及放射性对作业者的健康影响予以概述，并就相当于或高于稀土作业者所受剂...     

探究矿区水工环地质调查工作难点及解决途径

当工作人员参与到矿区水工环地质调查工作过程当中去后，会发现此项工作具有复杂性的特点，其中包括较多内容，需要针对工作重点以及调查方式进行认真分析，只有这样，才能够确保地质调查工作展开过程当中可以更加顺利，帮助工作人员获得更多有价值的信息，为完成矿产开采规划提供帮助。因此，本篇文章主要对矿区水工环地质调查工作的难点进行分析，之后提出解决问题的方法与策略，希望能够为相关工作人员起到一些帮助。     

探讨基于心血管病介入的患者受照剂量

目的:为了有效避免患者在心血管病介入操作中因受到穿透力强的辐射照射而造成深部组织和器官,如造血器官、生殖器官、胃肠道和中枢神经系统等的辐射损伤,本文研究确定心血管病介入的患者受照剂量是很有必要的.方法:通过流行病学调查和临床数据采集,对在江苏省某医院进行的26例完整的心血管介入手术包括冠状动脉血管造影术(CA)及经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)中患者所受辐射剂量及与辐射剂量相关的其他因素开展研究.结果:本文通过研究得出最大皮肤受照剂量与透视时间有较好的相关性(r=0.84,p<0.0001).因此,可以通过对透视时间来估算皮肤最大皮肤受照剂量,从而避免患者受到辐射确定性效应损伤.结论:由于潜在的高剂量能够引起皮肤的辐射损伤,如红斑和皮肤烧伤,因此应当监测最大皮肤受照剂量.在国内外文献报告中,透视时间是一种比较常用的用于估算最大皮肤受照剂量的相关量.     

伴生放射性稀土矿开发利用中天然放射性核素排放限值研究

本文在广泛调查了全国和四川省稀土采矿及冶炼企业的生产工艺、流程、污染物的处置和排放情况的基础上,经过实验数据分析和理论计算,提出了伴生放射性稀土矿开发利用中的天然放射性核素排放限值。对于保障工作人员和公众的健康与安全,环境的保护具有重大的意义。     

西峡县太平镇铀稀土矿区放射性元素与稀土矿化之间的关系研究

在前期找矿工作中,采用了地面γ总量测量、γ测井等放射性物探工作方法,发现矿区内放射性异常点带与稀土矿化关系密切。通过光薄片、能谱分析、化学分析等方法,对比了探槽和钻孔取样分析结果,研究了常见的三种天然放射性元素与稀土矿化之间的关系,结果表明,在本矿区铀元素总体含量较低与稀土含量呈弱正相关,钍元素含量较高且与稀土含量呈强正相关,钾元素呈弱负相关。部分样品钍元素含量达到了边界品位,是产生放射性的主要因素,进而验证了在矿区内进行的放射性物探工作对寻找稀土矿床的指导作用。     

在大兴安岭地区进行放射性矿产勘查的工作方法浅析

结合大兴安岭地区区域成矿背景、构造及放射性矿产勘查评价成果,对在本区寻找放射性矿产的工作方法进行了简要分析。     

矿井通风对辐射剂量水平的影响

本文通过对几个典型地下铀矿山的工人有效剂量当量在不同生产期间的分布,划分了辐射剂量水平的高峰期、调整期和稳定期;指出了排氡通风中的三个关键问题。     

Patterns of smoking and methadone dose in drug treatment patients.

Cigarette smoking prevalence is very high, and cessation rates are very low, among people in methadone treatment. This may in part be due to interactions between methadone administration and cigarette smoking. The present study explores relationships between methadone dose timing and smoking rates. Twenty methadone patients, over a period of 19 days, used electronic cigarette packs to record their smoking patterns and called a voice mailbox daily to report their methadone dose and timing. The average proportion of daily cigarettes smoked was calculated for 2-hr blocks preceding and following methadone dose administration. For all participants, peak smoking rates occurred after methadone administration. Participants smoked a greater proportion of cigarettes in their first 2-hr block after methadone dosing (M = 0.368, SD = 0.135) than during their first 2-hr block of smoking of the day (M = 0.245, SD = 0.010; S = 85.5, p     

Linking workplace and homeplace: Relations between the nature of adults' work and their parenting behaviors.

A total of 188 employed mothers and fathers and their 5–7 yr-old child participated in a study of the relations between the nature of adults' work and their parenting attitudes and behaviors (a line of research influenced by both socialization and stress perspectives). In general, positive features of work (i.e., complexity of work with people, challenge, and stimulation) tended to be associated with both self-report and observational measures of developmentally sound parenting (e.g., less harsh discipline, more warmth and responsiveness). Interaction effects indicated that gender of parent and child further condition these relations. Analyses partially support the interpretation that conditions of work influence parenting through their effect on mood but also suggest that certain conditions of work may directly socialize behavior in the parental role (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reducing the negative effects of emotion work in service occupations: Emotional competence as a psychological resource.

Although emotion work and emotional competence focus on similar processes, there has been a lack of integration between the 2 concepts. Emotion work is the regulatory effort to express organizationally desired emotions, whereas emotional competence encompasses skills that focus on how people deal with and regulate their own affect and that of others. The general hypothesis of this study was that emotional competence can be regarded as an important personal resource in emotion work because it moderates the relationships between work characteristics, emotional dissonance, and outcome variables. Eighty-four service employees completed a questionnaire on their working conditions and their well-being. In addition, peer ratings for emotional competence were completed. The authors found that emotional competence moderated most of the proposed relationships between work characteristics and emotional dissonance, between emotional dissonance and outcome variables, and between work characteristics and outcome variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The active control of prejudice: Unpacking the intentions guiding control efforts.

To date, there is little direct evidence that people who are motivated to respond without prejudice actively work to reduce their prejudice. The authors explored people's efforts to control prejudice for an upcoming interracial interaction. They proposed that people who were motivated to respond without prejudice should exert effort to control prejudice but that their efforts should reflect the intentions underlying their motivation. Behavioral evidence was provided across 3 studies supporting the contention that external motivation to respond without prejudice results in the intention to hide prejudice and that externally motivated people actively work to reduce detectable prejudice. In contrast, internal motivation gives rise to the intention to be free of prejudice, and internally motivated people actively work to eliminate any form of prejudice whether or not it would be apparent to others. The short- and long-term implications of these differential intentions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Health, health promotion and the elderly

Health promotion is a mode of practice which is being increasingly examined by policymakers (DHSS, 1987; DoH, 1992). Although practitioners are being required to screen people over 75 years of age and are exhorted to reduce accidents in the elderly by 33% between 1990 and 2005 (DoH, 1992), there is evidence that they do not value this sort of work (Pursey & Luker, 1993). This paper looks at the findings from 178 interviews with people aged over 75 years, examining the importance of health and health promotion to the elderly. Further to the work of Cox et al. (1987), it is clear that people aged over 75 years continue to engage in a wide variety of activities which are designed to keep or improve their health. Elderly people's accounts of their health suggest that the real influence of social circumstances and environment must be assessed and planned for if health promotion activity is to have relevance and meaning to this group of people. Evidence is presented which indicates that the elderly are a group of people who would welcome health-promotion activity provided it is given in easily accessible forms. The notion of client participation is highlighted as a difficult area, which is likely to require particular skill in working with elderly clients. In the light of these findings, practitioners may need to examine their own attitudes to their work with the elderly.     

Mother-child treatment in psychiatry. I: Overview of experiences up to now

Basing on the growing interest in the work with relatives of mentally ill people, psychiatric inpatient treatment of mentally ill mothers together with their infants or toddlers is described. The introductory overview gives an account of various international experiences with psychiatric inpatient treatment of mother and child, the conditions existing especially in England are described, and hints are given in respect of the need to adopt that treatment model.     

Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being.

According to the hedonic treadmill model, good and bad events temporarily affect happiness, but people quickly adapt back to hedonic neutrality. The theory, which has gained widespread acceptance in recent years, implies that individual and societal efforts to increase happiness are doomed to failure. The recent empirical work outlined here indicates that 5 important revisions to the treadmill model are needed. First, individuals' set points are not hedonically neutral. Second, people have different set points, which are partly dependent on their temperaments. Third, a single person may have multiple happiness set points: Different components of well-being such as pleasant emotions, unpleasant emotions, and life satisfaction can move in different directions. Fourth, and perhaps most important, well-being set points can change under some conditions. Finally, individuals differ in their adaptation to events, with some individuals changing their set point and others not changing in reaction to some external event. These revisions offer hope for psychologists and policy-makers who aim to decrease human misery and increase happiness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Twelve-Week Outcomes From an Investigation of High-Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy for Heavy Smokers With a Past History of Alcohol Dependence.

This study reports findings from an investigation of the efficacy of high-dose nicotine patch (NP) therapy for heavy smokers with a past history of alcohol dependence. One hundred thirty participants were randomly assigned to 42 mg or 21 mg of transdermal nicotine for 4 weeks, followed by an 8-week dose titration. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4 and 12 weeks. Differences between dose conditions were nonsignificant, although unexpectedly, outcomes favored participants in the 21-mg NP condition. Nicotine abstinence at follow-up was related to longer length of alcohol abstinence at time of enrollment. Future research should investigate ways to improve smoking quit rates in this population, including more frequent counseling sessions and/or other pharmacotherapies. These investigations should focus primarily on smokers in early alcohol recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Promoting health and preventing disease: an international perspective on youth health promotion

PURPOSE: To advocate strategies to promote the health of young people that include action to create supportive social and economic conditions, alongside more traditional actions to strengthen individual capacity to protect health. METHODS: Analysis of different strategies for youth health promotion from different countries, including education, public policies, laws, and regulations that protect young people from exploitation and physical harm, and enhance their capacity to make healthy lifestyle choices. RESULTS: Access to education and the promotion of basic literacy are, in their own right, important public health goals. Beyond this, efforts to promote health through schools should focus on the creation of an integrated and mutually reinforcing set of experiences for young people, including classroom health education, the creation of a safe and healthy physical environment, and provision of appropriate school health services. The creation of supportive social and economic conditions are also essential, and require political action through the development of public policy. Such policies include restricting access to tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, improving access to essential health services; and regulation of economic exploitation of young people. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion is inherently political. Health professionals have to find ways to become more effective political advocates for young people. This should be reflected in the education of health professionals and educators, and in the work of agencies and professional associations.     

搞好政治思想工作有效性途径的探讨

政治思想工作,能够化解矛盾、调整关系、凝聚人心；能够帮助人们解除疑虑、理顺情绪,提升思想境界和认识水平,坚定改革与发展的信心；能够激发人们的工作热情,充分调动人们的积极性和创造性.本文拟就如何提高政治思想工作有效性的途径进行探讨.