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相变蓄热材料是太阳能高效利用的基础与关键。文章选用54%KNO_3-46%NaNO_3作为太阳能高温热电站的蓄热材料,并选用膨胀石墨作为添加剂,分别制备了膨胀石墨(EG)质量分数为1%和2%的新型太阳能复合相变蓄热材料KNO_3-NaNO_3/EG。然后利用同步热分析仪(SDT-Q600)测量上述蓄热材料的相变温度、潜热,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测上述蓄热材料的微观结构。分析结果表明:太阳能复合相变蓄热材料KNO_3-NaNO_3/EG的相变温度为224.28℃,相变潜热为105.8 J/g;添加膨胀石墨能够明显地增强蓄热材料的导热性能,石墨对蓄热材料的熔点影响较小。 相似文献
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相变蓄热材料是太阳能热发电系统蓄热环节的关键。Al-Si-Cu三元合金作为相变蓄热材料具有性能稳定、衰减指数低、蓄热性能优良的特点。在实验的基础上,采用DSC、Hotdisk等方法对不同金属含量的Al-Si-Cu合金的热物性进行研究,同时对其封装材料进行了选择;基于不同形状蓄热单元,用Fluent软件进行模拟,最终选择了一个圆形相变蓄热单元和一个正六边形蓄热模块。结果表明:Al-Si-Cu三元合金相变蓄热材料集合了Al-Cu合金质量潜热大和Al-Si合金体积潜热大的优势;圆形结构蓄热单元换热性能最优;正六边形的模块能有效提高空间利用率,且更易于拼接,这对大型相变蓄热装置在工程中的应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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选择KNO3/NaNO3二元体系按照质量比4∶6制备共晶盐,对共晶盐进行了熔点及熔化潜热的测量;将石墨泡沫这一新型材料作为强化基体,共晶盐作为相变材料(PCM),采用熔融浸渗法制备了适用于太阳能热发电系统储能装置的石墨泡沫/共晶盐复合相变材料。采用扫描电镜对复合相变材料表面的微观结构进行了表征,并对其熔点、潜热、等效导热系数等热物性参数进行了测试。结果表明:共晶盐与石墨泡沫复合效果比较理想;复合前后共晶盐的熔点和潜热几乎没有发生变化;复合相变材料的等效导热系数得到了显著提升,石墨泡沫对相变材料起到了导热强化作用,满足高温蓄热的要求。 相似文献
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基于熔融浸渗法和黏结封装法,以多孔基作为基体材料,分别采用无机玻璃粉与熔盐作为相变材料开展实验,探究储热样本的最佳制备工艺流程。考察了复合相变蓄热体的显微结构及物相组成特征,分析了复合相变蓄热材料的质量损失率,并对蓄热体进行蓄热性能分析及高温抗压强度测试。实验结果表明,采用黏结封装法,以氯化钠作为相变材料,加盖圆柱形三角孔蜂窝陶瓷基体作为载体,设定6.5℃/min的升温速率,烧结温度至800℃,保温30 min,可制备蓄热性能较为优异的复合相变蓄热材料。复合相变蓄热材料的蓄热密度为445.5 kJ/kg,该蓄热体在800℃条件下高温抗压强度达到75.9 MPa,具有良好的蓄热性能和力学性能。 相似文献
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针对有机相变材料热导率低的问题,将高热导率的纳米Fe2O3添加到硬脂酸/十八醇二元有机复合蓄热相变材料中,制备纳米复合蓄热相变材料。从分散剂的种类、分散剂与纳米材料的添加量以及超声时间4个方面研究其对纳米复合相变蓄热材料的稳定性及热物性的影响。结果表明,阴离子表面活性剂的分散效果优于阳离子和非离子表面活性剂。复合相变材料中添加质量分数为0.8%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和质量分数为0.4%Fe2O3的体系,超声时间为80 min时,纳米Fe2O3在相变材料中的分散效果最好。添加纳米Fe2O3后复合蓄热相变材料的相变潜热及相变温度有所下降,热导率提高34.9%。300次热循环复合相变材料的相变温度波动区间不超过0.41℃,相变潜热波动区间不超过4.0%,热稳定性良好。 相似文献
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十二水硫酸铝钾[KAl(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O]具有相变潜热高、价格低廉和安全无毒等优点,是一种来源丰富的中低温无机水合盐相变蓄热材料,可以广泛应用在谷电蓄热、建筑供暖、产品节能、太阳能热利用以及电池热管理等领域。过冷度大与导热系数低等诸多水合盐的共性问题,严重影响了其蓄放热性能。十二水硫酸铝钾的相变温度偏高,将其制备成共晶或非共晶复合相变材料可以降低相变温度,由此扩大应用范围。本文通过对近年来十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料相关文献的梳理,综述了减小过冷度、提高导热系数以及复合调温的策略,着重阐述了成核剂、导热增强剂以及调温剂对十二水硫酸铝钾热物性能的影响,并介绍了十二水硫酸铝钾及其复合相变材料的主要应用研究情况。最后,对未来相关工作的研究方向进行了展望,包括新型添加剂及其对基材作用机理的探索、大量的熔化-凝固循环后结晶水损失的抑制和热可靠性的保障,以及相关应用领域的进一步拓展,为促进十二水硫酸铝钾相变蓄热材料的发展和实际应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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综述了相变蓄能材料的研究进展,介绍了相变蓄能材料的种类和特点。阐述了溶胶一凝胶法的基本原理和特性,并用这一方法制备了两种有机-无机复合相变蓄能材料。对实验制备的新材料进行了差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜分析(SEM),分析结果表明:经过有机-无机复合的相变蓄能材料具有较高的蓄热能力。两种新材料的相变热分别达到147.577 J/g和253.407 J/g,同时,该材料具有较好的热稳定性,是令人满意的复合相变材料,可广泛应用于太阳能利用、工业废热、余热回收系统。 相似文献
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电储热技术是当前适应煤改电环保需求和清洁供暖发展趋势的一项新技术,各种温度级别的储热材料均存在,根据需求选择并制备材料,进而设计电热储能的系统结构成为储热研究关键内容。本文针对蓄热材料的热性能进行了应用特性研究,分析并提出一种蓄热材料温度体系,并对高温蓄热材料应用特点进行了系统设计分析与比较,提出一种基于特制氧化镁的电阻式蓄热系统设计方法,并分析其特点。 相似文献
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Sivarathinamoorthy Haldorai Sureshkannan Gurusamy Maruthaiyan Pradhapraj 《国际能源研究杂志》2019,43(12):6061-6077
The drying needs of agricultural, industrial process heat requirements and for space heating, solar energy is one of the prime sources which is renewable and pollution free. As the solar energy is inconsistent and nature dependent, more often there is a mismatch between the solar thermal energy availability and requirement. This drawback could be addressed to an extent with the help of thermal energy storage systems combined with solar air heaters. This review article focuses on solar air heaters with integrated and separate thermal energy storage systems as well as greenhouses with thermal storage units. A comprehensive study was carried out in solar thermal storage units consisting of sensible heat storage materials and latent heat storage materials. As the phase change heat storage materials offer many advantages over the sensible heat storage materials, the researchers are more interested in this system. The charging and discharging characteristics of thermal storage materials with various operational parameters have been reported. All the possible solar air heater applications with storage units have also been discussed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTA numerical model has been proposed in this research work for predicting the energy performance of a heat pump assisted regenerative solar still using phase change heat storage materials such as paraffin wax and hydrate salt. The numerical model is based on energy and mass balance. The performance was simulated for Fort Sherchenko town in Kazakhstan. The performance comparison between the conventional solar still and heat pump assisted regenerative solar still with and without phase change materials are presented. Moreover, the influence of two different phase change materials on thermal performance of a heat pump assisted regenerative solar still are described. The numerical simulation results showed that heat pump assisted regenerative solar still is more energy efficient and produces better productivity when compared to the conventional simple solar still. The use of hydrate salt phase change heat storage material was found to be a good option for enhancing the performance of a heat pump assisted regenerative solar still. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(38):21055-21066
Metal hydride hydrogen storage reservoir should be carefully designed to achieve acceptable performance due to significant thermal effect on the system during hydriding/dehydriding. Phase change materials can be applied to metal hydride hydrogen storage system in order to improve the system performance. A transient two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model for the metal hydride reservoir packed with LaNi5 has been developed on Comsol platform, which was validated by comparing the simulation results with the experiment data from other work. Then, the performances of metal hydride hydrogen storage reservoir using phase change materials were predicted. The effects of some parameters, such as the thermal conductivity, the mass and the latent heat of fusion of the phase change materials, on the metal hydride hydrogen storage reservoir were discussed. The results shown that it was good way to improve the efficiency of the system by increasing the thermal conductivity of phase change materials and selecting a relatively larger latent heat of fusion. Due to the relatively lower thermal conductivity of phase change materials, different metal foams were composited with the phase change materials in order to improve the heat transfer from the metal hydride bed to the phase change materials and the hydrogen storage efficiency. The effect of aluminium foam on the metal hydride reservoir was studied and validated. The phase change materials composited with copper foam shown better performance than that composited with aluminium foam. 相似文献
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设计一种采用分组投切的固体蓄热装置,并以此设计搭建总加热功率150 kW的固体蓄热实验装置,搭建热物理参数非定值的数值计算方法,模拟出炉体的温度场分布,并与定值参数进行对比,得到热物理参数非定值与定值的温度曲线和蓄热量曲线;通过数值模拟和实验数据相结合的方法,确定非定值法数值计算方法的可行性;设计一种分组投切的加热方式,对分组加热的固体蓄热装置进行蓄热量及温度分析。结果表明,采用整体加热的炉体温度梯度分布区间较大,传感器点温度有温差;采用分组加热的炉体温度梯度分布区间相对缩小,传感器间温度几乎相等,相同蓄热目标温度下,提高蓄热量6.0%。 相似文献
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针对热电联产机组供热期发电负荷受供热量限制,机组调峰能力下降、电力系统弃风弃光现象严重的问题,设计了一种新型蓄热式管壳换热器。利用相变材料蓄/放热过程中温度接近恒定、释放潜热量大等优点,选取石蜡为相变材料,换热器相变区作为换热单元,采用控制变量法,针对传热流体流速、相变材料导热系数及相变层厚度等关键因素,对换热单元的蓄/放热过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:提高传热流体流速可增强换热单元蓄热能力,缩短相变材料完全熔化时间,放热过程中为保证换热器输出端热量,应适当选取传热流体流速;使用复合材料提高相变材料导热系数能够增强换热单元的换热能力,在相同传热流体流速下使换热单元平均传热系数较纯石蜡工况提升2倍以上;增加相变层厚度在放热过程中可延长传热流体出口温度维持的时间。 相似文献
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Screening of high melting point phase change materials (PCM) in solar thermal concentrating technology based on CLFR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We have investigated the suitability of high melting point phase change materials for use in new, large scale solar thermal electricity plants. Candidate materials for latent heat thermal energy storage are identified and their operating parameters modeled and analysed. The mathematical characteristics of charging and discharging these storage materials are discussed. Several high melting point, high conductivity materials are shown to be suitable and advantageous for use with solar thermal electricity plants, such as Sydney University’s novel, low cost CLFR and MTSA collector systems, as well as existing parabolic trough and tower technologies. 相似文献
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通过工程改造项目介绍了蜂窝状蓄热体和蓄热小球混装的新型蓄热体结构,分析得出新型结构成本低,蓄热能力可提高20%以上,对于全新蓄热式加热炉蓄热室的设计具有指导和借鉴意义。实践表明,采用此种结构具有高效、优质、节能和低污染等诸多优点,具有广阔的开发应用前景。 相似文献