基于ADAMS的SCARA机器人运动学仿真研究

对SCARA机器人进行正逆运动学分析以及轨迹规划仿真时,不易直观地验证运动学算法的正确性和轨迹规划的效果。为解决以上问题,基于ADAMS软件环境,建立了SCARA机器人的三维虚拟样机模型,结合SCARA机器人的正逆运动学在笛卡尔空间对其末端规划一段圆弧路径轨迹,并将该圆弧路径轨迹数据导入虚拟样机模型中进行轨迹规划的仿真。结果表明,该系统为SCARA机器人运动学分析及轨迹规划方法的仿真验证提供了一个有效的平台。     

面向压力钢管维护作业的爬壁机器人焊接运动轨迹研究

介绍一款面向压力钢管维护作业的爬壁机器人,对其运动学特性进行分析。介绍机器人的机械结构和控制系统,然后采用D-H参数法建立机器人运动学模型,构造运动学正解方程,并采用Robotic Toolboox对机器人正逆运动学方程进行求解,在线显示机器人三维仿真图像,分析各关节的位移、速度及加速度曲线,并对机器人末端轨迹进行规划,从而验证了机器人结构的合理性。     

一种六自由度上肢康复训练机器人运动学及工作空间仿真分析

针对现有上肢康复训练机器人存在功能集成度低和结构庞杂的缺陷,设计了一种6DOF可穿戴式上肢康复训练机器人。采用SolidWorks构建机器人的三维模型,通过ADAMS/View提供的模型交换接口导入ADAMS中进行运动学仿真。基于D-H表示法建立机器人的正向运动学模型,利用MATLAB软件对机器人进行运动学仿真及工作空间仿真分析。得到机器人末端轨迹仿真曲线与理论曲线一致,检验了机器人运动学方程推理的准确性,工作空间仿真结果说明了该方案的合理性。     

基于VC＋＋的弧焊机器人离线编程系统设计

针对MOTOMAN-UP系列机器人,在PC机的Windows平台上利用VC++开发了弧焊机器人离线编程系统.介绍了该系统的组成、功能及其设计方法.该系统能对任意马鞍形工件规划出焊枪的运动路径与姿态,且按比例同步显示工件;集成了机器人通信模块和运动学仿真模块,并自动导入工件,不仅能单步生成作业指令,而且可自动生成作业文件;采用OpenGL技术建立三维工件模型,实现工件的显示、旋转、缩放等功能.通过以太网,对PC机中的作业程序和机器人控制器中的作业程序进行相互传输,实现了弧焊机器人的离线编程及远程控制.     

基于OpenGL的三维数控铣削仿真系统的研究与开发

以数控仿真为研究对象,以Visual Basic 6.0为开发工具,利用VB正则表达式提取并存储NC代码中的刀具运动参数,利用PRO/E绘制机床与工件模型并且存储为STL文件,在VB环境下读取STL文件,并调用Open GL重绘机床模型,最终通过得到三维数控铣削仿真系统验证了方法的可行性。     

基于MATLAB的MH24机器人3D建模仿真研究

在机器人的建模仿真研究中,多关节机器人因其结构复杂易导致建模不准确,机器人在仿真运动过程中难以体现实际的运动情况。为提高多关节机器人仿真运动时的模型逼真效果,提出了一种结合机器人工具箱和三维绘图软件构建机器人3D仿真模型的方法。以安川的MH24通用机器人作为研究对象,对各关节结构和连杆参数进行建模分析,求解该机器人的正逆运动学方程。使用Solid Works绘图软件建立机器人各关节的3D模型,通过机器人工具箱对各关节3D模型和D-H参数模型进行整合,构建了逼真的MH24机器人3D仿真模型,完成了机器人各连杆的动态仿真驱动和末端执行器的轨迹规划仿真分析。通过正运动学方程和求解的机器人末端执行器的位姿矩阵值验证了3D建模的精确性。     

基于OpenGL的STL文件剖分及填充显示技术研究

STL文件格式是快速成形领域中描述三维实体模型的标准文件格式。本文基于OpenGL技术,对STL文件分割过程中STL文件分割算法、截面轮廓线的提取算法、利用OpenGL的镶嵌技术实现截面填充显示和三角化算法的关键问题进行了详细的论述。     

四自由度机器人的建模和仿真

以SCARA四自由度机器人为研究对象,利用Pro/E软件建立了四自由度SCARA机器人的各连杆模型,并将各连杆装配为三维模型导入到MATLAB软件中。采用D-H方法建立了四自由度机器人的运动学模型,对四自由度机器人展开了运动学分析,描述了四自由度机器人末端位姿,对四自由度机器人操作界面进行了设计,并构建了四自由度机器人仿真平台。目前阶段得出的仿真结果表明了四自由度机器人仿真平台的可操作性,仿真方法是有效的。     

基于MATLAB的3P2R型装配机器人运动特性分析

针对数据接口体积小及装配精度高的特点,设计了一种3P2R型装配机器人,并利用SolidWorks绘制三维模型。运用MDH法、齐次坐标变换,建立了机器人正逆运动学方程,通过计算验证了运动学正解的正确性。采用Matlab Robotics工具箱对机器人装配作业进行了运动学仿真,通过对末端夹爪运动轨迹、各关节速度及加速度曲线的分析,从而证明机器人设计参数的合理性。研究结果验证了机构运动的可行性,为机器人动力学分析及控制系统设计提供了理论依据。     

基于计算机模拟的弧焊机器人三维仿真环境搭建

提出了一种VA1400弧焊机器人三维仿真搭建的方法。该方法利用Matlab机器人工具箱和Matlab三维动画技术,以Solidworks等三维软件设计的VA1400弧焊机器人模型为研究对象,建立其逼真的机器人三维仿真研究平台。给出机器人模型的建立、数据导入和三维动画演示等步骤,搭建出一个开放性高、可视化逼真的弧焊机器人仿真环境。通过仿真系统的显示效果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.