柔性工艺路线蚁群优化单元作业调度

在柔性工艺路线的作业调度问题中,根据设备的约束以及加工过程中的费用、加工时间等因素,建立初始有向图,采用新颖的基于动态信息素更新策略的蚁群优化算法,迅速收敛并得到最优解,从而提高调度系统的可行性,增强系统稳定性和健壮性。该方法以减少外协,均衡生产,确保设备连续生产为目标,有效地支持了分布式制造单元的管理过程,增强了单元系统信息分布处理和规模可扩展能力。最后给出了算例,并对计算结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Layout Planning Technology of Cellular Manufacturing System Based on Process Interconnection Analysis

With sustaining change of production mode,layout planning is no longer a thing built once for all.Cellular layout(CL) is becoming a hotspot in the research field of manufacturing system layout.Traditional researches on layout planning are mainly concentrating on aspects of layout arithmetic,style and evaluation,etc.Relatively seldom efforts are paid to CL and its specific problems as cell formation(CF),equipment sharing and CL analysis.Through problem analyzing of layout in cellular manufacturing system(CMS),research approach of cell formation,interactive layout and layout analysis threaded with process interconnection relationship(PIR) is proposed.Typical key technologies in CL like CF technology based on similarity analysis of part processes,interactive visual layout technology,layout evaluation technology founded on PIR analysis and algorithm of cell equipment sharing are put forward.Against the background of one enterprise which encounters problems of low utility of key equipments and disperse material logistic,an example of four-cell layout is given.The CL adjustment and analysis results show that equipment with high level of sharing degree should be disposed around the boundary of its main cell,and be near to other sharing cells as possible;process route should be centralized by all means,so equipment adjustment is to be implemented along direction that route intersection can be decreased;giving consideration to the existence of discrete cell,logistic route and its density should be centralized to cells formed.The proposed research can help improve equipment utility and material logistic efficiency of CL,and can be popularized to other application availably.     

MAS-based production scheduling system for manufacturing cell-based workshop

The task of production scheduling is to determine the detailed machining path, time, machine tool, etc., for every work piece, according to the production objective and constraints. It is also an important part of the manufacturing system. In this paper, the manufacturing cell-based workshop is described and its scheduling system structure is established based on MAS (multi-agent system) technology. Through the negotiation and communication of each agent, the machining path is determined and the machining sequence and start time are calculated by GA (genetics algorithm). The communication among agents uses the CORBA (common object request broker architecture) technology of the OMG (Object Management Group). The CORBA-based architecture of the communication is designed and some interfaces for the communication are listed. For the genetics algorithm, chromosome coding, fitness function, parameters selection, and the basic genetics operation including selection, crossover and aberrance, are described. The scheduling system also can deal with some abnormal conditions, such as machine tool failure and urgent tasks. Finally, two scheduling examples are given.     

雷达先进制造技术现状与发展

雷达装备制造是武器装备制造的重要组成部分,其制造技术融合了机械制造、微波与电子器件制造、特种制造等多领域的相关技术.文中阐述了雷达先进制造技术的体系和现状,展望了应用于新一代雷达的数字化制造、微电子制造、组装互联及热管理技术、先进复合材料技术、绿色制造和智能制造技术等先进制造技术的发展方向.     

基于多代理的敏捷制造单元调度研究

在分析敏捷环境下敏捷制造单元调度特点的基础上 ,提出了基于多代理协作的敏捷制造单元模型 ,并根据该模型设计了一种混合遗传模拟退火 (SAGA)单元调度算法。并给出SAGA和GA两种方法的比较结果。应用实例表明 ,该方法调度性能良好 ,调度过程快 ,支持任务的随机加入 ,为制造企业快速有效的响应市场 ,提高敏捷性提供了强有力的理论与技术支持。     

敏捷制造单元动态重构算法的研究

提出了一种基于整数规划和排序聚类算法的敏捷制造单元动态重构算法,该算法为两步,首先根据加工任务、工艺规程和允许的制造资源整合,通过整数规划算法,确定由哪些制造资源以何种工艺规程完成加工任务,然后,根据制造资源承担加工任务的工艺相似性,通过排序聚类算法,将制造资源聚合成不同的敏捷制造单元。最后,对该算的性能和特点进行了分析,并用实例加以验证。     

Web-based distributed manufacturing control systems

With the evolution of the application of web technology, agent-based manufacturing systems can be both easily implemented and become a potential approach for modern manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, we present problems and models required for the development of web-based distributed manufacturing control systems. The specific objectives are: (1) to propose an appropriate architecture for a web-based distributed manufacturing control system, (2) to define the specification of a web-based cell controller, (3) to design the co-operative mechanisms, contract net protocol, for better system performance, (4) to upgrade the communication capability of existing CNC machines from RS232C to TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) based on Ethernet .To demonstrate the proposed development, prototype software based on ASP and VB programming was designed and implemented. As a result, not only is a great amount of time saved in the development of web-based manufacturing control software, but this development can also enhance the competitive capability of companies trying to operate on a flexible basis.     

基于成组技术的敏捷制造技术研究

提出了基于GT的敏捷制造技术的思想,分析了GT是实现先进制造技术的基础,实现敏捷制造必须具备生产系统的高度柔性和制造流程的可重组性,实现虚拟企业和分散制造必须以GT为基础。研究了我国制造企业基于GT的敏捷生产组织构建方法以及敏捷制造单元的成组与制造系统重构技术。     

支持网络化制造的车间资源集成与执行系统

提出一种对传统车间制造资源实施网络化改造与性能提升以支持网络化制造的系统集成框架及其实现方法。应用分布式人工智能中的多Agent技术和CORBA分布式对象技术与规范，对车间各种异构制造资源进行建模和封装设计，通过基于CORBA的开放式系统集成框架，将封装后的制造资源Agent以“即插即用”方式进行集成，制造资源Agent之间通过互操作方式进行协作，以实现制造过程管理与执行。最后，基于上述方法开发了一套支持网络化制造的车间制造资源集成与制造过程执行系统，该系统具有可集成性、开放性、智能性和可重构性等特点，不仅可实现车间内部制造资源的快速集成，同时还能支持网络化制造环境下车间资源的共享及制造过程管理与执行。     

支持网络化制造的工艺信息系统研究与实现

网络化制造是一种新的制造模式。本文以关中网络化制造系统为应用背景,详细论述了网络化制造模式对制造工艺信息系统的主要需求,在此基础上,探讨了基于B/S模式的制造工艺信息系统的体系架构和关键实现技术。目前,一个网络化制造工艺信息系统原型已经开发完毕,正处于推广应用和完善之中。     

基于holon制造原理的低成本自动化制造技术

结合我国制造企业的现状和特点,应用ｈｏｌｏｎ制造原理,提出一种适合中国国情的先进制造技术－－低成本自动化制造技术,详细介绍低成来自动化制造设备技术,单元技术和系统结构及管理技术。     

敏捷制造模式下制造单元重构技术研究

为了实现敏捷制造环境下异地分布资源的优化组合，分析了敏捷制造系统构建中设备间运输工件的时间成本、异地管理的额外成本以及制造资源多样性造成的多种可行工艺路径方案等多种因素，提出了敏捷制造系统的构建模型，并由此给出了以制造总成本最小为目标函数的敏捷制造单元重构数学模型，提出了敏捷制造系统构建的实现算法。最后，通过具体实例验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于异构Agent系统的虚拟制造单元

虚拟制造单元是虚拟制造系统的一个重要组成部分。本文分析了Agent系统特点 ,提出了一种基于异构A gent系统的虚拟制造单元 ,并建立了审慎式Agent和反应式Agent并存的系统体系结构。根据系统分层和异构的特点 ,定义了Agent的结构模型及其运行模式。采用过程调用模式与消息模式相结合的方式解决了各Agent之间的通信问题。根据所提出的观点并利用相关的开发工具 ,初步实现了一个虚拟制造单元     

CORBA规范在分布式制造系统中的应用

将ＣＯＲＢＡ规范应用到制造系统中,以支持分布式对象之间的互操作。介绍了ＣＯＲＢＡ的工作原理。根据制造业自身的特点,对分布式制造系统进行了建模和设计。给出了原型系统的一个动作实例。     

面向循环经济的制造系统运行模式

通过阐述循环经济的特征及其运行模式,分析了传统制造系统的主要弊端,讨论了面向循环经济的制造系统应遵循的三大原则,即减量化、再利用和再循环;对面向循环经济的制造技术、管理技术进行了探讨,并提出一种基于3层循环的制造系统运行模式.     

广义制造论

论述了制造技术的含义,提出了广义制造论的观点,从材料加工成形机理、制造技术的综合性和集成制造技术及其支撑环境等方面论述其概念和形成。指出工艺是制造技术的关键、是生产中最活跃的因素,而且己形成了制造科学。并从工艺理论、精密工程和纳米技术、计算机集成制造系统和并行工程、特种加工技术、快速成形制造和表面工程等方面阐述了20世纪制造理论和技术的发展,在此基础上就制造技术本身提出了一些今后发展的看法。     

Digital manufacturing-the development direction of the manufacturing technology in the 21st century

After introducing the concepts of digital manufacturing technology, the discipline framework of digital manufacturing is presented in the paper by discussing its basic concept, theory foundation, key technology and scientific problems in detail. As the core of the advanced manufacturing technology, digital manufacturing is gradually becoming the main manufacturing technology of the twenty-first century. Firstly, the main features of digital manufacturing are indicated and its key supporting technologies are investigated by grouping them into four levels related to product development, numerical control, production management, and enterprise collaboration, respectively. Moreover, the existing problems in the research on the multi-discipline theory foundation of digital manufacturing such as manufacturing informatics, computational manufacturing, and manufacturing intelligence, are also indicated. Then, the core scientific problems of digital manufacturing are discussed in depth, which focuses on digitization of manufacturing information, modeling of manufacturing constraints, high-speed and high-precision numerical control theory, and Internet-based collaboration and integration. Lastly, the development trends and application perspectives of digital manufacturing are concluded. __________ Translated from Digital Manufacturing Science, 2003, 1(1–4) (in Chinese)     

把握学科前沿，发展信息化的绿色制造业

以智能化、网络化和集成化为主要特征的信息化的制造技术,是21世纪机械制造技术的主要发展方向。生物制造技术、纳米技术和微机电系统将成为其新的生长点。绿色制造是对制造业的基本要求。     

数字化制造是先进制造技术的核心技术

综观国内外先进制造技术的现状和发展,不难看出数字化制造技术实为先进制造技术的核心技术。阐述了数字化时代,数字化工程,数字化技术和数字化制造技术等的内涵,回顾了制造领域２０年来发生的一些重要事件。列举了世纪之交制造业面临的挑战,讨论了数字化制造技术和我国制造业的振兴。最后,对数字化制造学科的发展作了展望,指出了开展制造科学研究的重要意义。     

数字化设计制造技术在手表制造业的应用

针对国内手表制造业的现状,探讨了数字化设计制造技术在国内手表制造业自动化和精密化进程中的作用。结合飞亚达公司实际案例,通过模块化设计、设计资源库,以及柔性制造模式等数字化设计制造技术的实施,满足了手表行业小批量、多品种、高效率的市场需求,初步形成了手表产品的数字化设计制造系统,验证了数字化设计制造技术对手表制造业的推动作用。