常温快速磷化工艺的研究

鉴于常温磷化存在成膜速度慢的缺点,在常温磷化液中加入一种促进剂,研制出一种常温快速磷化工艺,研究了磷化液中主要成分及工艺条件对磷化液,磷化膜性能的影响,促进剂的主要成分为间硝基苯磺酸钠,具有氧化作用,能加速晶粒的形成,从而加快磷化速度,并使得磷化膜细致均匀。     

高耐蚀常温磷化液的研制

以普通的常温磷化液为基础，利用水溶性高分子覆膜，研制出一种高耐蚀常温磷化液。介绍了该常温磷化液的配方、操作条件、磷化液中各成分的作用及操作条件的控制。以丙烯酸为单体合成该水溶性高分子物质。检测了该磷化膜的耐蚀性能，结果显示，试片经该磷化液浸渍10s后，硫酸铜点滴试验时间大于60s，而浸渍15min后，硫酸铜点滴试验时间大于80s，氯化钠浸渍试验时间可达8h，表明其耐蚀性大大强于普通的常温磷化膜，可满足批量生产的需要。     

新型环保型磷化液的研制

开发了一种用于钢铁表面涂装前处理的常温清洁锌钙系磷化液.通过正交实验优选了常温锌钙系磷化液的配方,得到配制简单、能够快速成膜、磷化膜质量好的磷化液配方,且该磷化液不含亚硝酸盐和重金属.讨论了磷化的工艺条件对磷化膜质量的影响,并对磷化膜进行了检测.在5～35℃下浸渍磷化5～10 min,每平方米即可生成质量约为2 g的浅...     

磷化改性剂应用效果研究

简述磷化改性剂技术性能及其在高温、中温和常温磷化液中的应用试验情况.介绍了一种含磷化改性剂的常温磷化粉在工业生产中的应用效果,提出了解决磷化液在使用中产生水锈、泛白和起灰的有效方法.     

钢铁冷塑加工的常温磷化工艺

制备了一种常温环保型冷塑加工磷化液,并考察了磷化液成分及磷化时间对磷化膜耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:该磷化液具有节能、环保、沉渣少、成本低、磷化膜耐蚀性好等优点。     

新型高效铁系常温磷化液的研制

常温磷化为磷化发展的主要方向,通过对添加了间-硝基苯磺酸钠等添加剂的铁系磷化液进行分析,得出该磷化液具有较好的磷化效果。     

常温环保磷化液的研制与应用

研制了一种常温环保锌系磷化液,其产品成功的用于了生产。     

超声波作用下钢铁常温磷化影响因素研究

本文在超声波作用下,对钢铁表面进行常温磷化处理,以提高钢铁表面耐蚀性能。研究以磷化膜外观及耐蚀性为考察指标,通过单因素实验,首先考察了常温磷化液中氧化锌、磷酸、硫酸羟胺(HAS)、硝酸锰、柠檬酸等组分对超声磷化的影响,其次考察了磷化方式对磷化膜性能的影响,最后测试了磷化液使用寿命。结果表明,磷化液组成为氧化锌15 g/L、磷酸80 g/L、硫酸羟胺12 g/L、硝酸锰4 g/L、柠檬酸2 g/L时,超声磷化膜外观及耐蚀性最好,此时磷化膜为灰黑色,膜层连续、均匀、致密,耐蚀时间可达217 s;磷化方式中常温超声磷化比常温静止磷化效果更佳,前者外观及耐蚀性比后者优越;磷化液寿命测试发现,当磷化次数超过9次时,制备的磷化膜耐蚀时间开始低于60 s,此时磷化液已经失效,累计磷化面积为0.3 m~2/L。     

常温高稳定性彩色磷化工艺研究

为提高彩色磷化液的稳定性,开发了一种常温高稳定性彩色磷化工艺,用正交试验确定了磷化液组分及添加剂的用量,并对磷化液,磷化膜的性能进行了检测,结果表明：所得磷化膜蓝紫色到彩虹色,色泽鲜艳均匀,耐蚀性优良,磷化液稳定性高,沉渣少,使用寿命长,生产成本低,适用于钢铁件的一般性装饰和涂装底层。     

常温“四合一”磷化工艺应用探讨

介绍常温"四合一"磷化工艺的工艺流程及磷化液的配制,分析磷化工艺控制要点、磷化液的维护以及磷化膜质量评定简易方法等,总结该工艺的优越性和不足。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。