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为有效解决大规模机械粉体制备中存在的微细颗粒团聚和粉磨极限等问题,采用了空化射流冲击结合磨介研磨的微细颗粒制备方法,并对近球壁空化射流有效冲击破碎颗粒开展了研究。理论分析了近球壁空泡溃灭对微细颗粒的冲击特性,得出了颗粒冲击破碎的有效量纲一距离及临界空泡最大半径;通过空化射流冲击球壁的数值模拟仿真,分析了喷嘴入口压力和靶距对近球壁空泡分布的影响。为验证理论与数值分析结果,开展了基于靶距、转速率、颗粒质量分数和喷嘴数目等多因素的石英砂球磨空化破碎对比实验,实验结果与理论和数值分析结果吻合良好,验证了此方法的有效性。研究结果表明:空化冲击结合磨介研磨微细颗粒的破碎率比单一研磨微细颗粒的破碎率更高;在空化射流入口压力5 MPa下,靶距和转速率是石英砂微细颗粒破碎效果的主要影响因素,其次是喷嘴数目。 相似文献
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针对细微流道中的多相流调控问题,研究超声空化效应对微流道内固体颗粒运动特性的影响。利用Fluent有限元技术对空化气泡溃灭的过程进行模拟,得在超声声压作用于近壁区的气泡时,气泡凹陷、破壁、溃灭的演变过程,并对其周围流场的速度矢量分布进行研究,仿真结果显示,空化气泡溃灭能够产生射向壁面的高速微射流,其最大速度达到28m/s,进而确定细微流场观测实验的最优参数;利用高速摄像机对细微流道中气泡的演变过程进行观测实验,并与仿真实验结果进行对照,观测实验结果表明,利用超声空化效应能够实现对固体颗粒向流道壁面运动的有效引导,为实现细微流道的流场调控、提高加工精度等问题提供理论支持。 相似文献
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为了探讨超高压水射流破碎轮胎过程中,冲击波和微射流的作用机理,基于FLUENT软件环境,采用VOF模型求解Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟了近壁面的空泡溃灭过程,结果表明,射流冲击物面时,空泡溃灭产生的压力脉冲远大于微射流产生的冲击压力。结合超高压水射流破碎轮胎试验,通过对胎面胶的切槽断面形貌进行观察,研究了微射流和冲击波对橡胶材料的破坏作用,认为橡胶材料在受到空化作用破坏时,表现出明显的冲击脆化现象,微射流在材料壁面冲击出边缘齐整的针孔状形貌,冲击波引发材料产生拉伸破坏。 相似文献
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粗糙表面的空蚀机制研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对2种不同表面粗糙度的45#钢进行超声振动空蚀实验,发现粗糙表面的空蚀程度(空蚀坑的数量和尺寸)比光滑表面的高.通过对空化形成条件及微射流对表面冲击过程的理论分析,指出粗糙表面比光滑表面更容易空蚀的原因是:粗糙表面的裂隙含有气核,增加了空化的几率;表面缺陷增多增加了破损的几率;表面凸起阻挡射流冲击表面后的侧向流动,延缓了冲击高压区的卸载导致蚀坑加深;侧流冲击导致凸起破断和表面撕裂. 相似文献
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《水泵技术》2017,(4)
针对深海采矿矿浆泵空化现象,研究固相粒径对其空化特性的影响。根据空化核子理论、质能方程建立气液两相之间的质量转换方程,运用Fluent软件和Singhal et al的空化模型对在不同固相颗粒粒径工况下的深海采矿矿浆泵进行稳态全流道空化仿真研究。分析叶轮叶片背面压力和气相体积分布规律,对不同区间气相体积分数进行统计,计算出不同颗粒粒径下泵的空化余量和扬程。研究结果表明:随着固相颗粒的增大,叶轮叶片背面入口处的低压区面积逐渐扩展,泵的空化现象趋于严重,扬程下降。当粒径为25 mm时空化余量陡降至最低1.11m,空泡分布广泛,部分区域体积分数高达0.9;粒径从10 mm到25 mm的过程中扬程下降了8.67 m;继续增大粒径,泵的空化性能有所提升,空化余量稳定在3.5 m,但泵的扬程在空化和颗粒磨损共同作用下继续下降至65.3 m。 相似文献
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针对黏度对锥阀空化特性的作用机理尚未明确的问题,对水压锥阀及油压锥阀空化射流进行三维动态数值模拟,分析造成其动态行为差异的流场行为,研究黏度对锥阀空化动态特性的影响机制。结果表明,油压锥阀与水压锥阀均同时存在漩涡空化及附着型空化,并且空化诱发机制基本一致。油压锥阀的转捩过程较为缓慢,其漩涡空化结构具有明显的拟序性;而水压锥阀则具有明显的三维特性。水压锥阀空化射流的剪切层厚度仅为0.01 mm左右,阀芯表面的片状漩涡结构源于近壁面剪切效应;而油液射流的剪切层厚度则大10倍以上,油压锥阀近壁面链状漩涡空化与射流核的局部分离流现象有关。在阀芯后沿处,水压射流的近壁面剪切强度是油压射流的3倍,水压锥阀附着型空化卷入部分漩涡空化,而油压锥阀附着型空化则被卷进漩涡空化。 相似文献
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The particle size effect on abrasive wear of high-chromium white cast iron mill balls 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Granite grinding tests, under dry and wet conditions, were performed to assess the influence of abrasive particle size to the wear behavior of martensitic high-chromium white cast iron mill balls. The tests were performed, at first, using raw granite particle sizes between 0.074 and 19.1 mm, and then with coarse and fine granite fractions obtained after screening the raw granite in a 3.36 mm sieve. It is demonstrated that the relative particle/ball size relationship is the determining parameter to ball wear. The highest ball wear rates were observed for fine granite grinding under dry (120 mg/cycle) and wet (129 mg/cycle) conditions. The lowest wear rate (ca. 50 mg/cycle) was observed for coarse granite grinding (dry and wet). These different results were attributed to the different size relationships between grinding body diameter and granite particles size. For wet-grinding of raw granite, the mineral components may influence significantly the wear behavior. Feldspar can act as a bonding agent, gluing fine quartz particles to the coarse granite and to the balls surface and turning the dependence of the relationship between the relative sizes of ball and granite particle less important to the wear process. This explains why wet-grinding of raw granite results in a ball wear two times greater (106 mg/cycle) than dry-grinding (51 mg/cycle). 相似文献
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为探究水介质下超声空蚀纳米结构的生成机制,研究不同水介质条件下超声空蚀纳米生成物的形貌特征。利用超声振动空蚀实验装置,在4种不同水介质中分别对45钢样品进行超声空蚀实验,通过激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对实验后样品表面空蚀纳米生成物形貌进行分析。结果表明:45钢在不同水介质中空蚀生成的纳米微结构有很大差异;在去离子水和Na Cl溶液中空蚀坑环状区域纳米结构呈现为不规则絮状结构,在自来水和Na2SO4溶液中生成的空蚀坑周围形成了纳米多层片状结构;在自来水中,随着超声时间的增加,纳米单层片状结构先是长度方向尺寸增大,后逐渐叠加成纳米多层片状结构,总厚度增大。45钢在自来水中超声空蚀生成的纳米多层片状结构的尺寸,与实验时间和介质中离子有关,源于空蚀-腐蚀耦合作用产生;自来水中的SO42-等离子也为片状纳米层间的组装起到促进作用。 相似文献
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功率超声珩磨加工过程中会发生空化现象,为探究空化对被加工材料表面的影响,进行超声珩磨空化正交试验并针对凹坑最大直径、表面侵蚀率、表面粗糙度三个指标进行试验分析,这三个指标可分别表征单泡溃灭强度,整体空化强度及空化对材料表面质量影响,结果表明:空化造成材料表面微小凹坑,影响凹坑最大直径的主要因素依次为距离和振幅,距离越小,振幅越大,则凹坑最大直径越大;影响表面侵蚀率的主要因素依次为试验时间和距离;而振幅则对材料表面粗糙度的影响最大,在距离5 mm、振幅65%、试验时间1/3 min条件下,试样表面粗糙度降低,表面质量提高。因此,在一定条件下,空化效应有助于改善超声珩磨中工件表面质量,试验分析结果对超声珩磨实际加工具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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In this work, we proposed and developed an ultrasonic stage which can make different kinds of micro particles spin at its center. The stage consists of a circular copper plate and two piezoelectric half-rings bonded onto the bottom surface of the copper plate. The two piezoelectric half-rings have the same size and property, but opposite polarization in the thickness direction. They form a ring concentric with the copper plate. The spin direction of micro particles can be reversed by changing the operating frequency of stage. The spin speed can be controlled by operating frequency and voltage of the stage, and it reaches 955 rpm for a single glass ball with 0.51 mm diameter. The spin of micro particles is caused by travelling waves around the center of the stage, and the travelling waves are generated by anti-symmetric flexible vibration of the stage, excited by the two piezoelectric half-rings. 相似文献
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Wear particles produced by vibratory cavitation erosion on stationary-aluminum Al-99.999 were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), forming a database for further analysis. The particle morphology features were first clarified based on the characteristic stages of the vibratory erosion rate-time pattern. Next, size, area, perimeter and shape factors (elongation and roundness) were determined for eroded particles, using image analysis software. In incubation period, the particles have distinctive characteristics which differed from that for the subsequent periods. These characteristics include the value of longitudinal ratio and roundness factor, limit size range and morphological features such as lamella shape, folding, curving with one of the particle surfaces as the virgin surface. In acceleration, steady-state and attenuation periods, the particles have a wide size range and larger thickness compared with that for the incubation period. The maximum particle size reached about 360 μm in acceleration and steady-state period. For all the cavitation erosion rate periods, the particles were out of sphericity and they have a roundness factor larger than 2. Detailed surface characteristics of the particles produced during cavitation erosion is significant and can open ways for monitoring the cavitation erosion progress. 相似文献
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