基于数值射线追踪的短波电离层传播轨迹研究

从电波传播的射线方程出发,在不考虑地磁场和碰撞的条件下,推导出了球坐标系下描述短波在电离层传输的轨迹方程.以准抛物电子密度模型为例,给出了求解参数方程组的初始条件.采用改进Euler数值方法求解轨迹参数方程组,得到短波轨迹的参数,实现了短波在电离层中的轨迹计算及仿真.仿真结果结果表明,用数值射线追踪法研究短波在电离层中的传播可以为短波天波通信的轨迹模拟和参数优选提供参考.     

太赫兹波大气衰减的抛物方程模型

抛物方程是一种模拟电波传播特性的高效模型,但目前抛物方程模型在模拟电波传播时,主要考虑大气的折射效应而忽略了其吸收作用,然而太赫兹波的大气衰减较为严重。通过引入大气分子吸收的复折射率,实现了应用抛物方程模型计算太赫兹波的大气衰减。该模型考虑了大气压强、温度和水汽密度等气象参数随高度变化对大气衰减的影响,且能够针对不同地区和季节的气象条件对大气衰减进行计算,与真实环境更加符合。最后利用该模型仿真分析了0.14 THz波的传播特性,给出了传播损耗随距离和高度的变化,并与忽略大气衰减的结果进行了对比,结果表明抛物方程模型能同时体现太赫兹的大气吸收效应和多径传播效应。     

复杂边界电波传播损耗的神经网络估计方法

针对抛物方程用于模拟复杂地面边界电波传播计算时间随着频率升高急剧增加的缺点,提出利用抛物方程给神经网络提供训练数据,用电磁波频率和水平方向的距离作为神经网络的输入,传播损耗作为神经网络输出的电波传播损耗的分析估计方法.与传统抛物方程的计算结果对比表明,所提出的复杂边界电波传播损耗的估计方法,在保证了较高计算精度的同时,计算速度得到很大的提高.     

雷达跟踪海上低空目标仰角误差计算方法研究

针对雷达跟踪低空目标受传播环境影响的仰角误差问题, 基于电磁波传播的抛物方程方法, 提出一种能计算多路径和大气折射等造成低仰角误差的新方法.正常大气折射条件下, 与射线方法结果的对比显示了该方法的正确性.利用所提方法, 仿真分析了粗糙海面、大气波导等不同环境条件下的雷达测角误差, 并仿真了采用窄角和偏轴跟踪方式减轻多路径效应后的改善效果.计算过程和仿真结果表明, 所提方法可同时考虑大气波导和多路径等复杂传播环境的综合影响, 以及雷达参数和工作方式等因素的共同影响.     

海上蒸发波导条件下电波传播的分析

抛物方程方法已经被广泛地应用于电磁波传播的研究,并成为解决电磁波传播问题主要的工具。应用抛物方程和电波传播的基本理论,计算了电磁波在蒸发波导和标准大气中的传输损耗,得到了电波的空间传播损耗图,与射线理论的射线描迹技术得到的结论是一致的,但是抛物方程方法求解速度快,具有很好的实时计算特性,并且能弥补目前射线描迹技术尚不能精确描述空间场分布的缺点,因此更具有实用价值。     

Pade型双向抛物方程及其在室内电波传播问题中的应用研究

针对室内垂直墙面、家具等对电磁波后向反射较大的问题,提出了Pade型双向抛物方程,在增大抛物方程计算角度的同时提高了室内场计算的精度.利用Crank-Nicolson有限差分法推导了Pade型双向抛物方程的离散差分格式,同时,通过对室内天花板和地板采用阻抗边界条件,导出了上下边界场满足的有限差分格式,与射线跟踪法的对比验证了边界处理的正确性.采用双向抛物方程仿真了包含家具的单层单建筑物存在时室内电磁波的传播特性,结果表明,双向抛物方程的仿真结果是可靠的,其符合现实物理规律,最后基于该双向抛物方程模型模拟和分析了存在二栋双层建筑物时室内的电磁波分布特性.     

基于二维解析射线追踪的短波电离层轨迹研究

考虑短波在电离层中通过单F层反射传播的情况,结合一种特定电离层电子浓度分布(准抛物)模型,利用二维解析射线追踪技术得到短波轨迹中参数的解析表达式.在此基础上分别对射线在频率固定、仰角变化及仰角固定、频率变化两种情况下的轨迹进行了讨论,得出频率和仰角对短波传输的地面距离及群路径的关系.最后对不同因子对轨迹的影响及短波轨迹进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,该方法在研究短波电离层传播轨迹中有很好的应用价值.     

粗糙海面对电波传播的影响研究

蒸发波导能够部分陷获电磁波的传播,从而改变电磁波的传播特征,形成超视距传播,但是粗糙海面对电波传播的影响会削弱这种传播特性。基于抛物方程(PE)模型,采用包含粗糙海面阴影效应的反射系数来计算电波传播损耗,仿真结果略大于采用Miller-Brown模型做海面粗糙度修正的传播损耗值。表明当波长与浪高可比拟甚至远小于浪高时,粗糙海面的阴影效应对电波传播的影响不可忽略。     

短波移动通信新军突起

短波移动通信新军突起郑祖辉短波通信是利用电磁波通过电离层的反射和折射来进行信息传输的无线电通信。电离层是一种天然的传输媒介，有人称它为天然的中继器，所以它使短波通信具有设备简单、成本低、通信距离远、机动性强以及容易组网等优点。但是，电离层易受太阳黑子...     

海上蒸发波导条件下电磁波传播损耗实验研究

海上舰载雷达系统受蒸发波导的影响,经常会出现超视距探测现象,其超视距探测效能的发挥基于海面蒸发波导环境下电磁波的传播规律.介绍了2007年1月份和5月份在我国东南沿海海域开展的海上电磁波传播损耗测量实验,并将实验测量结果与基于抛物方程的电磁波传播损耗计算模型的计算结果进行了分析和比较,结果表明:电磁波传播模型传播损耗理论预测值偏小,对理论模型的计算结果偏小的原因作了分析.     

Approximate mode conversion coefficients in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide

Constant impedance boundary conditions have been used by many authors to obtain mode reflection and transmission coefficients for propagation across a land-sea discontinuity. The impedance boundary conditions are here replaced by exact boundary conditions and similar formulae are obtained for propagation between a diffuse inhomogeneous isotropic ionosphere and a homogeneous isotropic earth. These formulae permit the use of any ionospheric model with vertical inhomogeneity although some simplification results if impedance boundary conditions are used at the ground. A numerical example is given to illustrate the significance of the formulae.     

A hybrid (parabolic equation)-(Gaussian beam) algorithm for wavepropagation through large inhomogeneous regions

The wide-angle split-step parabolic equation (PE) algorithm is used to model electromagnetic wave propagation over general inhomogeneous terrain up to a height h. The PE-computed fields at h are then projected onto a complete Gabor basis from which we effect Gaussian beam propagation at altitudes greater than h. The Gaussian beams can be propagated through general inhomogeneous media, devoid of failures at caustics and shadow boundaries (as befalls ray tracing). The accuracy of the Gaussian beam algorithm is demonstrated via two realistic examples: (1) low-frequency (HF) ionospheric propagation with application to over-the-horizon radar and (2) near-grazing high-frequency propagation for communication or surveillance applications. In the context of these examples, we discuss relevant numerical issues associated with the hybrid algorithm from which general advantages and disadvantages are addressed     

Auroral and polar-cap ionospheric effects on radio propagation

Disturbances in the auroral and polar-cap ionosphere can have profound effects on radio signals traversing the high-latitude ionosphere (defined here as that latitudinal region poleward of approximately 55° corrected geomagnetic latitude). Some effects of the high-latitude ionosphere on polar radio paths were documented as early as the 1930s, but intensive investigations of this ionospheric global region started during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957-1959. Starting in the mid-1960s it was realized that high-latitude ionospheric anomalies could affect radio signals from ELF through VHF on terrestrial and earth-space paths, especially during sunspot maximum, disturbed periods. A considerable effort has been made in the last two decades to model and predict the salient parameters of the auroral and polar-cap ionosphere. A somewhat lesser effort has been devoted to develop HF propagation programs which included high-latitude ionospheric effects. Salient past results are briefly reviewed, and developments in this field for the period 1970-91 are presented     

A semi empirical model for low latitude HF ionospheric propagationprediction

The ionospheric propagation of high frequency (HF) radio waves is strongly dependent on the varying structure of the ionosphere. It is therefore essential to look for an accurate and suitable physical model for the design and development of telecommunication links, especially broadcast links, which are affected by such variation. This enables the prediction of radio link performance with a satisfactory level of accuracy and reduced computation time. Existing models make extensive use of powerful computers to generate electron density profiles, whereas this model attempts the same on an 80486 based PC successfully. Though this affects the accuracy of the generated profiles, it is still acceptable for engineering applications. A physical model of the ionosphere is developed with empirical additions from rocket data. The associated propagation conditions are simulated and the results compared with practical data obtained from broadcast and amateur radio band usage. A high degree of correlation is obtained     

背景各向异性不均匀的随机起伏电离层中高频电波散射的几何光学近似

本文讨论了背景为各向异性、不均匀的随机起伏电离层中高频电波的传播和散射问题。在几何光学近似下，给出了电子浓度不均匀体散射引起的高频电波的相位与振幅的起伏，并在此基础上，讨论了起伏的统计特性。结果表明，由各向异性引起的侧向偏移与极化效应对高频电波波场的起伏有显著的影响，往往不能忽略。     

中国地区高精度电离层行扰监测台网设计

系统地介绍了一个中国地区高精度电离层行扰监测台网，它由满洲里、长春、乌鲁木齐、拉萨、兰州、重庆、新乡、青岛、苏州、喀什、广州、海口和昆明13个观测站组成，成为全国性的电离层扰动特性监测网.该电离层行扰监测台网可用于实时连续监测电离层扰动及其传播，可监测太阳耀斑、磁暴、台风和电离层日变化等使高频无线电信号产生的多普勒频移，对研究电离层中能量传播和耗散等动力学过程有着重要意义.通过接收国家授时中心发射的5 MHz、10 MHz、15 MHz标准授时信号，采用数字信号处理和滤波后，将三路零中频正交I、Q数据传输到计算机，由计算机进行傅里叶变换得到频域数据并实时显示这三路多普勒频移信息，另外还可以监听授时音频信号.观测结果反映了太阳耀斑、日出效应、Es等引起的电离层扰动响应及其对高频(high frequency，HF)传播的影响，可用于电离层扰动的长期监测.     

电离层反射区域短波驻波场强的分布研究

精确计算出垂直入射到电离层的HF泵波在整个反射区域的局部电场变化情况对于研究电离层调制实验中产生的各类非线性效应具有十分重要的意义.文章基于泵波垂直入射时一维波动方程和Forsterling方程推导出了特征模式波各电场分量的具体表达式, 并利用“一致近似”的解析法精确计算出线性密度剖面条件下特征模式特征波驻波部分各电场分量和总电场强度在各自反射点附近区域的变化情况.数值计算结果表明:O模式波驻波部分的总电场在其反射点附近区域急剧变化并产生数个极大值, 其幅值增长显著, “电场肿胀”的效应非常明显, 且该效应在高纬地区比在低纬地区更加显著, 地磁场对驻波场强的形态变化具有深远的影响; X模式波驻波部分的电场值在其反射点前虽有一定的增长, 但其增长有限, “电场肿胀”效应远没有O模式波明显.     

Propagation of ELF waves below an inhomogeneous anisotropic ionosphere

The ionospheric anisotropy is considered with horizontal magnetic field either for transverse (East-West or West-East) or for longitudinal (South-North) propagation. For transverse propagation in a vertically stratified medium the differential equations of the various field components are uncoupled and a closed form solution is given for identical exponential height variation of the components of tensor conductivity. For arbitrary height variation of the tensor conductivity numerical solutions are obtained after expressing the surface impedance below the ionosphere in terms of a Riccati-type differential equation. The West-East direction of propagation exhibits a lower attenuation constant than the East-West direction forf < 1000cps. This is contrary to the expectations based on a model of a homogeneous anisotropic ionosphere. For longitudinal propagation the differential equations of the various field components are coupled, with the coupling being particularly strong above theDregion. The differential equations are simplified by assuming no coupling in the lower ionosphere and strong coupling above a pre-selected altitudey_{1}. For exponential height variation of the tensor conductivity components the closed form solution differs negligibly from the isotropic case. For arbitrary height varition of the tensor conductivity numerical solutions are obtained similarly as for the transverse propagation. Over most of the frequency range the attenuation figures for South-North propagation are intermediate between the corresponding figures for West-East and East-West propagation.     

高集成度的高频多普勒探测系统的设计

地震、台风、磁暴等天气事件爆发时,引发的电离层扰动会对无线电波的传播环境造成影响,使空间传播的高频无线电信号产生多普勒频率偏移.针对此问题,提出了一种新型的高集成度的高频多普勒探测系统.通过研发的高集成度的高频多普勒接收机接收来源于电离层反射的高频无线电信号,经过信号处理电路的混频处理获得低中频信号,再通过数据采集卡采集信号并保存在PC机上,利用上位机软件对保存的数据进行实时处理,得到高频多普勒频移的变化曲线,从而研究电离层扰动特征.同时给出了电离层日出效应、偶发E层和行进式电离层扰动等探测实例.实际观测表明:该探测系统运行稳定可靠,可以用于电离层环境的长期监测.     

A comparison of the full-wave and WKB solutions of a plane wave with impulsive time variation reflected from a sech2electron-density profile

This communication compares a more general numerical point-to-point transient wave propagation program to a known analytical (full-wave) solution based upon a certain special geometry and ionospheric profile. The main purpose of the comparison is that of using the known analytical results as a test case for the numerical program. The parameters of the ionosphere were chosen to purposively tax the condition of requiring a slowly varying medium in using the Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin (WKB) method (i.e., the parameters chosen lead to a sporadicE-type layer). With the results favorable for this case, the application of a numerical procedure, based upon the WEB method, to the more slowly varyingFregion would definitely be acceptable. Based upon the full-wave and WKB solutions, results are given in the form of time-domain waveforms due to reflection of a transient wave from the ionosphere.