共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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为改善气凝胶复合材料的承压能力,设计了一种纸蜂窝作为夹层,两侧复合气凝胶复合材料的夹层板,并探究该夹层板能否取代聚氨酯泡沫,应用于冷库墙体保温夹层.利用导热系数仪测得的试验数据,对纸蜂窝、气凝胶复合材料、气凝胶纸蜂窝夹层板的隔热性能进行了分析,讨论材料厚度对气凝胶蜂窝夹层板导热性能的影响.结果表明:纸蜂窝的厚度较小时,气凝胶纸蜂窝夹层板的导热系数均低于聚氨酯泡沫板;当纸蜂窝厚度为10 mm、孔径为6 mm,气凝胶复合材料厚度为10 mm或15 mm时,气凝胶纸蜂窝夹层板的导热系数低于0.03 W/(m·K),满足我国保温隔热行业材料的使用要求. 相似文献
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以无机纤维毡为增强材料,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用溶胶一凝胶技术制备了无机纤维毡/Si02气凝胶隔热材料。研究了无机纤维毡的类型、密度等因素对复合材料的影响。结果表明:无机纤维毡/siO2气凝胶复合材料的隔热性能优,导热系数仅略高于纯Si02气凝胶,强度则有显著提高。 相似文献
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以正硅酸乙酯、乙醇和去离子水为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2溶胶;并以煤沥青为原料,采用自挥发发泡法制备了中间相沥青基泡沫炭。然后采用浸渍工艺将SiO2溶胶和中间相沥青基泡沫炭在常压下进行复合,制备了SiO2气凝胶/中间相沥青基泡沫炭复合隔热材料。利用XRD、SEM、热导仪和万能试验机等设备分别研究了SiO2气凝胶、中间相沥青基泡沫炭以及SiO2气凝胶/中间相沥青基泡沫炭复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明,所制备的复合材料具有一定的力学性能,同时其隔热性能优于单一泡沫炭的隔热性能,有望成为一种新型的隔热材料。 相似文献
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耐高温气凝胶隔热材料的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
气凝胶极高的孔隙率有效降低了材料的固相热传导,孔径主要分布在介孔范围内(2~50nm),有效抑制了气相传热,而遮光剂的引入可起到很好的反射、吸收和再散射作用,进一步降低气凝胶的辐射热传导,从而使得气凝胶材料具备极低的热导率,是一种优质的高效隔热材料。根据组分的不同,气凝胶主要可分为氧化物气凝胶、炭气凝胶和碳化物气凝胶。氧化物气凝胶材料在高温区(1000℃)容易发生晶型转变及颗粒的烧结,其耐温性相对较差,但是其在中高温区(1000℃)具备较低的热导率。炭气凝胶材料在真空或惰性氛围下耐温性最高可达3000℃,2000℃下热导率低至0.601W·m-1·K-1,密度可调,但是该材料在有氧氛围下容易发生烧蚀,这需要通过涂覆某些抗氧化性涂层来加以有效解决。碳化物气凝胶材料目前研究较为匮乏,报道最多的是碳化硅气凝胶,但是也仅限于对该材料的制备与表征,而对于其热学性能方面的研究仍然较少。主要介绍了这三大类耐高温气凝胶隔热材料的研究进展,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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由多聚硅氧烷制备二氧化硅气凝胶 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
SiO2 气凝胶是一种新型轻质纳米多孔材料。本工作以多聚硅氧烷 (E -4 0 )为硅源 ,用溶胶 -凝胶法制备出了SiO2气凝胶。研究了催化剂、温度、水等因素对其溶胶 -凝胶过程的影响 ;讨论了F离子以及水对E -4 0水解 -缩聚反应的作用机理 ;并用孔径分布测定仪、TEM等方法对其微结构进行了研究。结果表明 :由E -4 0为硅源制备的SiO2 气凝胶骨架颗粒为十几nm ;孔径分布较广 ,其峰值在 3 0nm附近 ,此外 ,还存在几nm的微孔。 相似文献
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After a proposal to use capillarity and Van der Waals forces in aerogel to prevent superfluid helium motion in space missions that carry sensitive gradiometers, we have investigated the behaviour of superfluid helium when only partially filling an aerogel sample. We discuss here the effect of gravity on He II distribution in aerogel. We present a way to investigate it, based on measurements of the tortuosity of liquid–vapour interface and the adsorption isotherm, together with the results of an experiment performed by means of a torsion pendulum. The observed high tortuosity of the liquid–vapour interface for pressure values below saturation, shows that He II in aerogel assumes a configuration where capillary forces are indeed able to bar even the liquid motion driven by 1-g gravity. 相似文献
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M. Yamashita A. Matsubara R. Ishiguro Y. Sasaki O. Ishikawa M. Kubota Yu.M. Bunkov T. Mizusaki 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2004,134(1-2):749-755
Rotational effects on textures of superfluid 3He in aerogel with 98% porosity at a pressure 3.0 MPa were investigated by cw-NMR measurement at 700 kHz (H 0=22 mT) under rotation up to 2π rad/s. At rest, the superfluidtransition to the A phase occurred at T aerogel c =2.07 mK and the A phase was supercooled down to T aerogel A→B==1.73~1.80 mK and became the B phase in the cooling process. In the warming process, the B phase was superheated up to T aerogel c . In the B phase, a new peak appeared in the NMR spectrum by rotating the sample. The intensity of this peak increased as the rotation speed increased almost linealy to Ω and started to be saturated for Ω≥Ω c. We attributed the new peak to the textural change caused by the counter flow and the onset of the saturation at Ω c to the onset of vortex nucleation in aerogel. On deceleration, the peak intensity decreased and disappeared at Ω=Ω v. Further decreasing Ω, the peak intensity increased even at Ω=0. The counterflow peak observed at Ω=0 indicates the existence of persistent current induced by pinned vortices in aerogel. In the A phase, we did not find any noticeable change in the NMR spectrum under the rotation speed up to 2π rad/s, or by cooling through T c with or without rotation. We concluded that the ${\hat \ell }$ texture in the A phase was strongly pinned to aerogel. No spin wave satellite signal localized at a soft, core vortex was observed in contrast to the bulk A phase. 相似文献
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Al2O3气凝胶的制备技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Al2O3气凝胶是一种新型、轻质的纳米多孔材料,具有许多独特的物理、化学性质和潜在的应用价值.综述了Al2O3气凝胶的超临界干燥及非超临界干燥制备方法以及各种制备参数(醇铝盐与水的比例、醇盐的类型、溶剂的类型、温度、乙醇的用量、由催化剂所决定的溶液的pH值、老化时间以及干燥过程)对Al2O3气凝胶性质的影响,并探讨了Al2O3气凝胶进一步研究的方向. 相似文献