仿猫类落地姿态的准零刚度隔振器

对设备加装隔振装置是保证其高效工作的重要方法之一.本文从仿生学的角度,根据猫科动物落地时优秀的抗冲击能力,通过观察其落地动作姿态,利用非线性补偿原理,以空气弹簧作为正刚度结构,设计出一种具有非对称刚度特性的高静低动刚度隔振器.以其为研究对象,建立了动力学模型,利用特定的方法对非对称刚度系统进行分析求解,并与数值结果和有限元仿真结果进行对比.结果表明,在较低阻尼以及较高激励幅值下,还会出现倍周期响应甚至混沌响应.同时,通过将本文设计的隔振结构和单一空气弹簧的隔振性能对比,可以得到隔振效果明显优于单一空气弹簧的结论,从而验证了所设计隔振结构的有效性和可行性.     

分段阻尼隔振系统的动力学特性分析

针对传统线性隔振器在降低共振峰值的同时会牺牲隔振性能的矛盾,设计了一种含分段阻尼的隔振器.首先,采用移动凸轮变阻尼装置,通过凸轮廓线的设计使系统的垂向阻尼系数的受振动位移大小控制并呈现分段线性特征,分析了该装置的阻尼特性.然后将分段阻尼装置应用于隔振器中,建立了含分段阻尼的积极隔振系统模型及其动力学方程,通过能量等效原理求出了分段阻尼系统的等效线性阻尼系数,求解了简谐力激励下系统响应的理论解,并用四阶龙格-库塔法数值仿真验证了理论解的正确性.最后研究了分段阻尼隔振系统的动态特性,分析了主要参数对幅频响应特性与力传递率特性的影响.结果表明,通过合理的参数选择,分段阻尼隔振器可兼顾无阻尼隔振器与线性阻尼隔振器的优点,既能有效降低系统的共振峰值,又能保证高频区域的优秀隔振性能,为新型非线性隔振器的设计提供了理论依据.     

低频大幅隔振器设计及实验

为了突破传统隔振器刚度和承载能力之间的矛盾,需要隔振器具有高的静态刚度,低动态刚度的特性.如今的准零刚度隔振器技术可以实现低频微幅隔振,但是对于大幅振动,隔振效果并不明显甚至失效,因此突破宽幅隔振成为隔振领域亟待解决的问题.为此,我们利用多稳态折纸通过并联装配的方式,构造具有宽幅零刚度区间的折纸型隔振器,以解决传统隔振器振动抑制幅值较低的问题.本文建立了宽零刚度隔振器模型,提出宽幅零刚度的设计方法,并通过动力学分析分析了模型的隔振效果.最后搭建试验样机,验证了理论的正确性.这种设计打破了传统准零刚度隔振器单点准零的设计准则,能够在一个大幅范围内保证稳定性,同时实现零刚度,极大拓宽了隔振器的适用范围.这种设计理念能够被用在新隔振材料设计和航空、船舶等大幅低频动态环境中.     

一类非线性隔振器振动传递特性分析

非线性输出频率响应函数是由Volterra级数发展而来的一个新概念.对一类具有反对称阻尼特性的隔振器,通过该概念推导出了振动传递性与系统非线性参数之间的显式解析关系；进而系统地研究了非线性阻尼参数对隔振器的力传递性能和位移传递性能的影响.研究结果表明,虽然非线性隔振器在受正弦信号激励下会出现高次倍频分量,但对于其传递性...     

试验台测控仪器隔振装置振动传递特性分析

试验台精密测控仪器在工作过程中会受到振动设备的干扰,从而对其正常工作产生影响,因此需要采用隔振装置进行振动保护.本文以双层隔振装置为研究对象,结合有限元法和阻抗综合法建立了多点多维柔性动力学模型,分析了不同仪器质量、系统结构型式和隔振器参数对隔振装置振动传递特性的影响,结果表明所设计的双层隔振装置可以满足使用需求,增加上台面厚度和减小隔振器刚度可显著提高隔振效率.     

基于Marc的空气弹簧横向特性分析

为实现空气弹簧的横向特性和强度分析,基于有限元非线性接触技术,用Marc对空气弹簧的非线性横向刚度特性进行数值模拟,分析最大横向力作用下空气弹簧各部分的应力分布,横向刚度计算结果与试验结果基本一致,表明空气弹簧的建模与仿真方法的合理性,为空气弹簧优化设计和特性分析提供参考.     

基于准零刚度隔振器的自适应模糊控制

准零刚度隔振器兼具高承载力和低固有频率,对于隔离地面的振动具有良好的效果.但准零刚度隔振器在平衡位置处刚度较低,这会使负载对低频的直接扰动力具有很强的敏感性并且隔振器的工作位置很容易出现偏差；其次,准零刚度隔振器的负载受到的扰动越大则表现出的非线性越强,这种非线性又会导致振幅放大和幅值跳跃.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于非线性准零刚度隔振器的自适应模糊控制方法,该方法在天棚阻尼的基础上增加了位置反馈量,并以负载的振动频率作为自适应系数,以Sigmoid函数建立自适应系数和振动频率之间的关系,控制方法采用模糊控制.首先建立了准零刚度隔振器的物理模型,之后利用Matlab/Simulink对系统动力学特性和控制系统进行仿真,最后搭建了主动隔振试验系统对所提方法的有效性进行验证.结果表明,所提方法对于作用在负载上的复杂且时变的直接扰动具有良好的抑制效果,同时对负载具有精准定位的作用.     

隔振对象重量变化对准零刚度隔振器隔振性能的影响

本文主要研究隔振对象重量变化对一类准零刚度隔振器隔振性能的影响,并给出了新的研究结果.文中使用欧拉屈曲梁构建负刚度调节结构并设计了隔振系统的平衡位置可调机构.假设系统有轻微的过载和超载,推导了系统的动力学方程并进行求解,定义了非线性隔振系统的力传递率及位移传递率来评价系统的隔振性能.对线性隔振系统,超载会让隔振频率略微降低,共振放大峰略微增大.对于准零刚度隔振系统,力传递率和线性系统类似,但是对于位移传递率,过载会导致系统固有频率和共振放大峰均升高,反而不利于隔振.研究结果可以对此类隔振系统的使用场合以及对过载和轻载的选择有工程指导意义.     

X型准零刚度隔振器动力学设计及分析

结合准零刚度(quasi-zero stiffness,QZS)结构和X型结构,设计了一种新型X型准零刚度隔振器(X-QZS).通过准零刚度弹簧组替换X型结构中的线性弹簧,达到超低频隔振的效果.利用拉格朗日方程建立了动力学方程,通过谐波平衡法和弧长法得到了系统响应的近似解析解并通过数值法验证了解析解的正确性.研究了系统的动力学响应和隔振性能.分析结果表明X-QZS结构在超低频范围的隔振效果能够比QZS更好,共振频率更低,隔振频带更宽.     

空气弹簧隔振台特性试验及信号处理算法研究

超精密测量对环境振动要求非常严格,其仪器设备中多安装隔振装置。为评估某重点实验室圆度仪中使用的仪用小型空气弹簧隔振台的隔振性能,利用压电式加速度传感器设计振动测试试验。根据振动测试中信号的实际情况,设计信号处理算法,对采集到的加速度信号进行预处理、积分运算、频谱分析,消除信号中低频趋势项和干扰噪声,还原实际振动状况,准确获取隔振系统振动位移曲线及其固有频率。试验表明,该空气弹簧隔振系统各项指标满足隔振要求。信号处理算法对振动测试中的加速度信号处理具有一定指导意义,也可作为故障诊断中加速度信号处理的参考。     

Modeling and analysis of a multi-dimensional vibration isolator based on the parallel mechanism

A hybrid manipulator applied to vibration isolation of the manufacturing systems is proposed in this paper. The translations and rotations of the manipulator are decoupled, so the proposed isolator can isolate vibrations with wide range of frequency, at the same time it is fully capable of adjusting the orientations of the equipments. The scheme design, inverse kinematics, workspace and dexterity are carried out in this paper. A closed form dynamic model considering the external excitations on the base platform is performed based on the Newton–Euler approach. The optimum solutions of the forces in each actuating limb are obtained by using the Moor–Penrose inverse matrix. Furthermore, a novel dynamic performance index is proposed to evaluate the estimated maximum forces in the actuating limbs; this index can help to optimally design the parameters of motor, spring and damper. In order to evaluate the performance of isolation, the displacement transmissibility and acceleration transmissibility are also analyzed. The research work provides an analytical base for the development of the novel vibration isolator.     

消隔组合X型减振器设计与动力学分析

本文将一种X型结构与线性弹簧阻尼减振器相结合构成一种兼具消振和隔振性能的新型X型减振器.基于拉格朗日方法建立单自由度线性振子耦合消隔组合X型减振器系统的动力学方程,应用谐波平衡法得到系统稳态响应的近似解析解,并通过Runge Kutta法得到系统的数值解验证解析解的正确性.讨论了不同的基础激励下新型X型减振器对系统的响应幅值以及位移传递率的减振效果.此外,分析了不同参数对系统的幅频响应曲线以及位移传递率的影响.研究结果表明,新型X型减振器不仅可以将线性刚度转化为非线性刚度,还可以为系统提供负刚度,拥有优秀的消振和超低频隔振性能.     

Active vibration isolation using negative stiffness and displacement cancellation controls: Comparison based on vibration isolation performance

Two vibration control techniques, negative stiffness and displacement cancellation, are characterized and employed to achieve active vibration isolation. A horizontal vibration isolation system is developed and then used to investigate each of these techniques theoretically and experimentally. The respective responses of the developed system are measured separately while closed-loop poles of the system are kept unchanged; these measured responses are compared. The developed system is based on a series combination of two isolators and consists of two moving tables; one of the moving tables is mounted on the series-connected isolators and the other is placed between the isolators. Using the negative stiffness technique, the isolators are controlled so that one of them has a negative stiffness and the other has a positive stiffness of equal absolute magnitude; using the displacement cancellation technique, one isolator is set to cancel displacement while the other behaves as a positive-stiffness isolator. The active negative, positive, and displacement cancellation isolators are created using voice-coil motors guided by a negative stiffness controller, proportional derivative controller and integral-proportional derivative controller, respectively.     

仿生隔振器设计方法研究进展

基于仿生学的思想,通过模仿生物系统的结构几何构成特性,创新优化隔振模型是当今隔振领域的热门问题.本文基于仿生灵感来源的不同,对现有的仿生隔振器进行了系统的分类,并对不同设计原理的仿生隔振器恢复力本构与隔振性能做了详细的阐述和对比,旨在通过隔振器隔振频带的横向对比厘清几何构型与可调参数的影响,以此厘清隔振器几何设计和隔振性能的关系.并且,本文展望了未来仿生隔振器的发展前景和研究方向.     

Computer-aided design integration of a reinforced vibration isolator for electronic equipment’s system basedon experimental investigation

Electronic equipment’s system is always manufactured as a superprecision system. However, it will be used in harsh environment. For example, the computer in moving vehicles will be acted by vibrations. The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic investigation to test and computer-aided design of the vibration isolator for protection of electronic equipment’s system in harsh vibration environment. A micro-oil damping vibration isolator is designed and manufactured through coupling the oil and spring by ingenious tactics. The structure of the oil damping vibration isolator can achieve circulating oil damping function with an inner tube and an outer tube (some orifices are manufactured on upside and underside of the inner tube). The dynamics of the key model machine is systematically investigated. Based on the test, a nonlinear dynamic model for the vibration isolator is presented by analyzing the internal fluid dynamic phenomenon with respect to the vibration isolator. The model considers all the physical parameters of the structure. Comparisons with experimental data confirm the validity of the model. In the other, the model is integrated by introducing normalization measure. The normalization model shows the actual physical characteristics of the oil damping vibration isolator by considering quadratic damping, viscous damping, Coulomb damping, and nonlinear spring forces. An approximate solution is deduced by introducing harmonic transform method and Fourier transform method. Therefore, a parameter-matching optimal model for computer-aided design of the vibration isolator is build based on approximate solution. An example confirms the validity of the computer-aided design integration.