光纤激光传感技术及其应用

超高灵敏度的信号探测在石油勘探、地震预报和安全监测等领域都具有重要的应用价值.近年来出现了一种以分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器为传感元件的新一代光纤传感器,它具有尺寸小、输出激光信号极窄的光谱线宽和极低的噪声等优势,与高分辨率波长解调技术结合可以达到极高的探测灵敏度.介绍了在光纤激光传感技术及其应用技术方面的研究进展,包括线宽仅为3 kHz、尺寸仅为3.6 cm的窄线宽低噪声DFB光纤激光器的研制及其测试,波长分辨率达3.5×10~(-7) pm/Hz~(1/2)的超高分辨率波长解调系统,基于密集波分复用的光纤激光传感网络,以及相关技术在水声和地震波探测中的应用研究.     

DFB FL Sensor Cross-Coupling Reduction

The effect of weak external reflections on distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser (FL) sensor frequency noise has been studied. For multiplexed DFB FL arrays, it was demonstrated that out-of-band reflections from DFB FL raise the noise level of adjacent lasers by up to 50 dB. It was further demonstrated that by incorporating a complex phase- and amplitude-apodized FL grating design with high sidelobe suppression, cross coupling due to out-of-band reflections can be reduced to negligible levels, and Rayleigh backscatter limited noise performance can be achieved. Practical limitations to acoustic sensitivity of DFB FL sensors due to increased laser frequency noise are discussed, and ways to reduce DFB FL sensitivity to external reflections are proposed     

高分辨率光纤激光传感系统

提出并实现了一种基于光纤光栅(FBG)激光器的高分辨率光纤传感系统。通过在一段高增益有源光纤写入光纤光栅形成光纤激光传感器,待测信号作用在激光器上引起激光频率变化,采用偏振无关的非平衡迈克耳孙光纤干涉仪将激光频率变化转化为干涉仪相位变化。干涉仪输出的信号经过光电转换后,用采集卡转换为数字信号输入计算机,最后利用改进的归一化相位载波(PGC)解调技术,实现信号的高分辨率解调。实验表明该传感系统的动态应变分辨率达到了5.6×10-4nε/Hz,并且解调结果与待测信号具有良好的线性关系。     

Fundamental Thermal Noise in Distributed Feedback Fiber Lasers

A detailed analysis of fundamental thermal frequency noise in distributed feedback fiber lasers (DFB FL) is presented. An expression relating the laser frequency noise spectrum to the spectrum of thermal (temperature) fluctuations in the fiber, accounting for the nontrivial DFB FL mode shape, is derived. A new expression for the thermal fluctuation spectrum of single-mode optical fiber is derived which predicts high-frequency thermal noise 3 dB higher than previously published results. Theoretical predictions are compared against experimental measurements for a well characterized DFB FL. Anomalous 1/f noise at low frequency is discussed     

基于布里渊光时域反射的分布式光纤传感入侵定位检测系统

建立了基于布里渊时域反射(BOTDR)技术的分布式光纤传感入侵定位检测系统。采用自制的光纤单纵模分布反馈(DFB)激光器,利用边缘滤波(BPF)技术,简化了BOTDR系统中频率解调的方法,实现了对入侵应变事件的快速定位与检测。实验结果表明,当探测范围为10km时,系统的定位空间分辨率达到5m,应变分辨率达到200με,可以满足入侵定位实时检测的需求。     

External Optical Feedback Induced Noise in DFB Fiber Laser Sensor System

External optical feedback effects due to reflection, Rayleigh backscattering and coherent Rayleigh backseattering in fiber distributed feedback （DFB） fiber laser sensor system have been investigated. If the feedback intensity exceeds critical amount, excess noise would be induced in the demodulator. The maximum tolerable intensity back-reflection coefficient Rc and backscattering coefficient Sc into a fiber DFB laser with lead fiber length from I m to 37.5 km before the onset of instabilities are shown. Rc is found to decrease with increasing lead fiber length while Sc was relatively invariable with varying fiber length. The coherent Rayleigh backscattering （CRBS） would induce neglectable noise with a lead fiber exceeding 13.5 kin. To eliminate these noises, one or two isolators should be incorporated in the system.     

Dual-Wavelength DFB Fiber Laser Based on Unequalized Phase Shifts

A novel structure for dual-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This structure is based on a uniform fiber Bragg grating with two unequalized phase shifts, which markedly suppress the mode competition of the two lasing wavelengths; and then a 52-pm-spaced dual-wavelength DFB fiber laser operating at single-longitudinal-mode and single-polarization is achieved at room temperature. A simple method is also implemented to fabricate the phase shifts with high precision     

基于CPM-FBG的单频窄线宽DFB光纤激光器

利用电弧放电对光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)折射率的调制作用,提出了基于折射率周期调制(CPM)FBG的单频窄线宽分布反馈(DFB)光纤激光器方案。建立了CPM-FBG的数学模型并进行了仿真,验证了CPM-FBG的相移光栅特性;在掺铒光纤(EDF)上制作出CPM-FBG,形成了DFB单频窄线宽光纤激光器,激光器阈值功率为25.4mW,3dB线宽为805Hz,边摸抑制比大于48.8dB。     

Dual-Wavelength DFB Fiber Laser Based on a Chirped Structure and the Equivalent Phase Shift Method

A chirped phase-shifted structure is demonstrated for compact multiwavelength distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser at room temperature for the first time. The chirped structure provides separated resonance cavities and then the stable multiwavelength operation. The equivalent phase shift method is demonstrated to realize the desired chirp and phase shifts simply and flexibly. A 44-pm-spaced dual-wavelength DFB fiber laser is then achieved experimentally, which is the narrowest spacing ever reported for a compact multiwavelength fiber laser.     

干涉型光纤传感器中的双重降噪方法

基于马赫-曾德尔(Mach-Zehnder)干涉仪结构,构造了全保偏光纤传感系统,以单频窄线宽保偏光纤激光器作为光源,采用了光源光电负反馈和双光路平衡检测双重降噪方法,降低了光源的附加强度噪声,使系统信噪比(SNR)提高了约15 dB,达到60 dB。     

Intensity noise characteristics of erbium-doped distributed-feedback fiber lasers

We present an experimental and theoretical investigation into the low-frequency intensity noise characteristics of erbium-doped distributed feedback (DFB) fiber lasers. The intensity noise characteristics of six nonidentical erbium-doped DFB fiber lasers are presented along with the characteristics of the grating and doped fibers. An analytical model has been used to predict the intensity noise generated in a linear fiber laser and explain the observed noise characteristics. Overall we find good agreement between our analytical model and observations. In particular, we find the intensity noise at frequencies close to the relaxation oscillation frequency significantly elevated due to excess noise from either spontaneous emission or cavity loss modulation. These results can be used to optimize the fiber laser design for sensor applications.     

低掺杂铒纤上分布反馈布拉格光纤激光器的制作

采用准分子激光器成功地在低掺杂普通铒纤上制作出5 cm的光纤光栅分布反馈布拉格(DFB)激光器,铒纤的峰值吸收率为5 dB/m,在100 mW,980 nm抽运光条件下,光纤激光器的输出功率为50μW,边模抑制比为50 dB。使用耦合模理论分析了一段5 cm带相移的分布反馈布拉格光纤激光器输出光强同腔内损耗及相移量的关系,计算结果表明,光纤腔内的损耗对激光器的输出具有非常重要的影响,大的损耗对应获得最大功率的光栅耦合强度相应减小,因此,在低掺杂铒纤上制作分布反馈布拉格激光器必须正确估计光纤激光器的腔内损耗,选择合适的光栅耦合强度,可以获得较大的输出功率。     

基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的传感器研究

详细研究了光子晶体光纤长周期光栅(LPG-PCF)的应力和温度特性,利用成功制作的温度不敏感PCF-LPG,实现了两种结构简单光纤传感器.在温度不敏感应力传感器中,PCF-LPG作为温度不敏感的应力传感头,当以波长为1553nm的分布反馈(DFB)激光器为入射光源、用分辨率为0.001dB的光功率计测量时,PCF-LP...     

基于光纤DFB激光器的高分辨折射率传感器

分析一种基于腐蚀相移DFB激光器的高分辨率折射率传感器。外界折射率通过改变腐蚀DFB激光器的相移影响激光器的输出特性。通过详细分析相移和增益对激光输出特性的影响,获得了相移激光输出波长的关系。根据激光器基模和高阶模波长差对温度的自补偿特性,设计了高分辨率的折射率传感器。理论上获得了该传感方案在激光线宽为100 kHz时,折射率传感分辨率高达10-7数量级。     

Numerical simulation of intensity and phase noise from extracted parameters for CW DFB lasers

A self-consistent numerical approach is demonstrated to analyze intensity and phase noise from experimentally extracted parameters for a continuous-wave distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The approach takes into account the intrinsic fluctuations of the photon number, carrier number, and phase. Values for the parameters appearing in the rate equations are extracted from the measured relative intensity noise spectra and linewidth of the laser. The simulation of the frequency spectra of intensity and phase noise of the DFB laser are performed by fast Fourier transform and exhibit good agreement with experimental results. The model presented here can readily be extended for the purpose of system simulations.     

Interrogating a Fiber Bragg Grating Vibration Sensor by Narrow Line Width Light

A method to interrogate fiber Bragg grating vibration sensor by narrow line width light is demonstrated. The interrogation scheme takes advantage of the intensity modulation of narrow spectral bandwidth light, such as distributed feedback laser, when a reflection or transmission spectrum curve of an fiber Bragg grating （FBG） moves due to the strain which is applied on the sensor. The sensor＇s response to accelerating frequency and amplitude is measured by experiment. The factors which have impacts on the sensitivity of the interrogation system are also discussed.     

光开关在分布式光纤温度传感系统的应用研究

分析了决定分布式光纤温度传感器系统传感距离的因素,提出了使用光开关扩展系统的传感长度。设计了多模1×2棱镜光开关的单片机驱动接口,计算机软件通过RS232串行接口发出指令控制光开关的切换。测试结果表明,嵌入了1×2光开关可使系统传感光纤长度延伸为原来的2倍。     

用于布里渊分布式光纤传感的光学锁频系统

报道了一种用于布里渊分布式光纤传感器(DOFS)的高稳定光学锁频系统。一台波长为1550nm的半导体分布反馈(DFB)激光器作为主激光器用于光纤传感探测,另一台同样的激光器作为从激光器,采用光学锁相的方法将其与主激光器进行频率跟踪,使主激光器与从激光器频率差恒定为11GHz。利用该光源搭建基于自发布里渊的分布式光纤传感系统(BOTDR),可以有效地实现宽带移频,使得探测解调频率降低到百兆赫兹量级,大大降低了探测的噪声,并且降低了BOTDR系统成本。结果表明,采用此光源方案的频率波动范围为±1MHz。     

基于DFB激光器解调技术的光学电流互感器

针对交流电流的测量,提出了一种基于分布式反馈（DFH）激光器解调技术的光学电流互感器（0CT）。OCT的传感部分运用光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）和超磁致伸缩材料（GIⅢ①作为传感器探头,同时应用DFB激光器对FBG进行解凋,实现交流电流的测量。对于这种新型的OCT进行了理论分析和实验研究,实验测得系统传感灵敏度可达到1...     

AM光纤技术及其在有线电视传输领域中的运用

分别介绍采用分布反馈型(DFB)激光器和外调制YAG激光器的残留边带VSB-AM多路电视信号传输光端机的工作原理及其性能,并在理论上对光纤系统的性能进行了分析与比较。另外,对于光纤技术在有线电视传输网络设计中的应用形式也作了分析与说明。